台湾峡谷中段沉积特征及流体机制探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐尚  王英民  彭学超  杨彩虹  李华  曹健志  郑贵春  赵亚楠 《地质论评》2013,59(5):845-852

海底峡谷、高弯度水道等深水沉积单元中的流体活动方式是人们关注的热点.本次研究利用高分辨地震资料,结合地形地貌特征对台湾峡谷中段的沉积特征及流体活动方式进行初步探讨.台湾峡谷中段发育内堤岸(inner levee),它成层性好、地层产状倾斜,地震反射特征与峡谷西岸和下覆滑塌体明显不同,内部结构表现为逐级上超的特征,以侧向加积为主.曲流河和深水高弯度水道的点坝均发育于河(水)道拐弯处,由于离心力作用,沉积物在凸岸堆积形成点坝.该内堤岸位于峡谷中段直线型地段,不具备形成点坝的地形地貌条件,综合分析认为该内堤岸是由垂直于峡谷轴向、自西向东的底流与沿峡谷向下的重力流交互作用形成的.  相似文献   

新疆白杨河大型铍铀矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因初探   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张鑫  张辉 《地球化学》2013,42(2)

新疆和布克赛尔县白杨河大型铍铀矿床是亚洲最大的铍矿床,其矿体产出于晚石炭世微晶花岗斑岩与上泥盆统塔尔巴哈台组(D3t)中酸性火山岩的接触带上,该矿床为典型的热液矿床.萤石作为白杨河铍铀矿床中与成矿作用密切相关的脉石矿物,发育大量气液包裹体.通过对萤石中流体包裹体的显微测温,获得了其主成矿期包裹体的均一温度,为237～372℃(n=40),平均为308.5℃,反映该矿床为中高温热液矿床.萤石以相对富集中稀土(MREE) ((La/Yb)N=3.18～3.55),强烈亏损Eu (δEu=0.01),REE分布模式呈“V”字型为特征.萤石锶钕同位素数据显示出较高的锶同位素初始比值(0.7106),以及正εNd(t)值(3.50～2.95),相似于微晶花岗斑岩的锶钕同位素组成((87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7143～0.7466,εNd(t)=4.06～5.29),由此提出成矿流体主要来自微晶花岗斑岩岩浆分异的晚期热液.主成矿期的萤石包裹体显示高温、低盐度的特征,推断成矿流体源于微晶花岗斑岩晚期岩浆热液与大气降水的混合.  相似文献   

伏牛山构造带变质流体脉变形特征及构造意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

任升莲  宋传中  Lin Shoufa  李加好  涂文传  马涛  宫龙  黄鹏  颊建  杨帆  刘乐 《地质科学》2013,(3):626-637

伏牛山构造带由多条近平行的断裂带和夹持其间的变形岩片组成,洛南-栾川断裂带和瓦穴子-乔端断裂带为其中的两条主要断裂带。这两条断裂带虽遭受多期强烈构造活动的影响,但主造山期的构造特征至今仍然保存完好,并以中深层次的韧性剪切变形为主,形成了典型的糜棱岩和同构造期石英脉。本文从宏观、微观、超微观变形特征及年龄等方面对这些变质流体脉进行了研究,以探讨与其形成密切相关的构造活动特征、年代及其在秦岭造山带和华北板块南缘强变形带中的作用。石英脉中石英颗粒动态重结晶特征总体显示远离剪切带只有少量的膨凸式,靠近断裂带为亚颗粒式,形成核-幔结构,位错特征显示远离剪切带位错密度较小,靠近断裂带较大,位错形态显示瓦乔断裂带以挤压为主,洛南-栾川断裂带以剪切为主。两条断裂带石英脉的变形特征说明它们的糜棱岩化过程均为塑性变形中的晶质塑性变形,形成过程均为挤压在先,剪切在后。所测糜棱岩中石英脉的ESR年龄分别为372.9±30.0 Ma、275.0±20.0 Ma和218.0±20.0 Ma,真实地记录了晚加里东至中-晚海西期北秦岭的构造活动及所受影响。其中372.9±30.0 Ma是宽坪岩块向华北板块下的斜向俯冲汇聚和走滑的年代, 275.0±20.0 Ma是瓦乔断裂带的形成年龄。218.0±20.0 Ma的年龄则反映了华南、华北两大板块印支晚期全面闭合作用在秦岭造山带内部的影响。从以上3个年龄可以看出:北秦岭各构造带自北向南演化,时代上自北向南变新。  相似文献   

Granite ages within the Archaean Pilbara Block,Western Australia     

J. R. de Laeter  J. G. Blockley 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):363-370

Within the Pilbara Block of Western Australia, a complex of migmatite, gneissic and foliated granite near Marble Bar is intruded by a stock of younger massive granite (the Moolyella Granite) with which swarms of tin‐bearing pegmatites are associated. The age of the older granite has been determined by the Rb‐Sr method as 3,125 ± 366 m.y., and that of the Moolyella Granite as 2,670 ± 95 m.y. Initial Sr⁸⁷/Sr⁸⁶ ratios suggest that the older granite is close to primary crustal material, but that the Moolyella Granite consists of reworked material. It probably formed by partial remelting of the older granite.  相似文献   

The origin of tin deposits in the Mount Wells region,Pine Creek Geosyncline,Northern Territory     

M. Ahmad 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):427-443

Tabular steeply dipping cassiterite‐bearing lodes in the Mount Wells region are hosted by lower greenschist fades metasediment of the Pine Creek Geosyncline within the contact aureole of late orogenic granitoids. The latter are predominantly I‐type, but S‐type phases are developed near the sediment‐granitoid contact.

Quartz, cassiterite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite are the main minerals. Two types of lodes are present: (i) Sn‐quartz lodes containing 5–10 vol% sulphide minerals; and (ii) Sn‐sulphide lodes containing ～ 70 vol% sulphide minerals. At the surface, the former appear as normal quartz veins and the latter as hematite‐quartz breccia resulting from the collapse of original sulphide‐rich lodes as a consequence of volume reduction due to oxidation and leaching.

Two stages of quartz veining are recognized in both types of lodes. Cassiterite is present in stage I while stage II is composed of barren quartz with minor pyrite. Late stage III carbonate veinlets are present in Sn‐sulphide lodes. The lode‐wallrock contact is sharp with weak alteration effects confined to the fringe of the lodes. The alteration minerals include sericite, quartz, tourmaline, chlorite, pyrite and minor K‐feldspar.

Four types of fluid inclusions are present in vein quartz and cassiterite: Type A (CO₂ ± H₂O ± CH₄); Type B (H₂O+～ 20% vapour); Type C (H₂O+ < 15% vapour) and Type D (H₂O+ < 15% vapour + NaCl). Early ‘primary’ inclusions represented by Types A and B are present in stage I only and have a well‐defined temperature mode at ～300°C and a salinity range of 1–20 wt% eq NaCl. Types C and D inclusions are ‘secondary’ in stage I and primary in stage II and have a temperature mode at 120–160°C and salinities from about 1 to more than 26 wt% eq NaCl. Variable H₂O‐CO₂ ratios of Type A inclusions and homogenization in CO₂ or H₂O phase at near identical temperature indicate entrapment at the H₂O‐CO₂ solvus and define a pressure of ～ 100 MPa. The melting sequence of frozen inclusions suggests that the ore fluids were mainly H₂O‐CO₂‐CH₄‐Na‐Ca‐Cl brines. This is also confirmed by Raman Laser Spectrometry.

Oxygen and sulphur isotope data are consistent with a magmatic origin of the ore fluids. The δD values are up to 20%0 higher than those expected for magmatic fluids and probably resulted from interaction of the latter with the carbonaceous strata. This interpretation is supported by δ¹³C data on the fluid inclusion CO₂.

Fluid inclusions, stable isotope and mineralogical data are used to approximate the physico‐chemical parameters of the ore fluids which are as follows: T 300°C, m Cl～2, fO₂ ～ 10^‐35, mSS ～ 0.01, Sn ～ 1 ppm, Cu ～ 1 ppm and pH ～ 5.5.

It is suggested that fluids of granitic parentage interacted with the enclosing sediment and picked up CO₂, CH₄ and possibly Ca. The granitic phases became reduced due to this interaction and developed S‐type characteristics. Tin was probably partitioned into the CH₄‐bearing reduced fluids. At some stage the fluid overpressure exceeded the lithostatic lode enforcing failure of the carapace and the intruded rocks by hydraulic fracturing causing CH₄ and CO₂ loss resulting in the precipitation of the ore minerals.  相似文献   

Skarn development from limestone adjacent to the Glenrock Granodiorite,Marulan Batholith,New South Wales,Australia     

B. E. Chenhall  S. A. Mazaheri 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(5):485-500

Skarns are developed over two temperature‐time intervals in calcite limestone adjacent to the southern extension of the Glenrock Granodiorite, a pluton of the Marulan Batholith, Southern Highlands, New South Wales. The initial volumetrically‐dominant prograde phase of skarn formation produced a suite comprising bimetasomatic skarn, including pyroxene endoskarn, potassic endoskarn and wollastonite‐bearing exoskarn, together with mineralogically‐zoned vein skarn, massive garnet‐pyroxene skarn and calcite‐vesuvianite skarn. Retrograde replacement is manifested by the development of hydrous silicate minerals, carbonate and cross‐cutting sulphide veinlets.

A genetic model is proposed to account for the development of bimetasomatic skarn in the deposit. Exoskarn geochemistry indicates addition of many components relative to an essentially pure limestone precursor, including Si, Al, Fe, Zr, Zn, S, Mn and Cu, negligible transfer of K, Na and Rb and loss of CO₂. Strontium and Ca loss from the parent limestone is indicated by mass balance calculations at constant volume.

Garnet and pyroxene compositions in the massive garnet‐pyroxene skarn range from Gr₃₀ to Gr₆₆ and Hd₆₁ to Hd₈₇, respectively. Compositions from Gr₆₇ to Gr₉₅ are typical of the vein skarn garnets. Chemical zonation patterns in garnet, pyroxene and vesuvianite are generally characterized by rim Fe depletion relative to cores of grains.

Prograde skarn probably formed at T = 500–580°C; P < 220 MPa. The massive garnet‐pyroxene skarn evolved under conditions of log fO₂ = ‐18.9 to ‐22.9 (assuming a constant fCO₂ of 20 MPa) within the fS₂ stability field of pyrrhotite. Retrograde skarn formed at T < 400°C, possibly under conditions of X_H2O < 0.01.

Vesuvianite plus wollastonite assemblages, present in exoskarn, probably attest to very water‐rich conditions. The marble wall rocks, isolated from the source of skarn‐forming fluids, probably evolved under conditions of minimum X_co2 >0.2. Low temperature CO₂ ‐rich fluid inclusions and prehnite (stable at X_co2 <0.01), present in the marble and skarn, respectively, suggest that substantial differences in X_co2: X_H2O were maintained during cooling.

Observed mineralogical and chemical zonation within the skarn reflects the complex interaction of T, P, fO₂, Xco₂ and other chemical variables such as a_SiO2 and a_Al2O3 throughout the skarn system. No single variable can account adequately for the mineralogical diversity observed in the skarn deposit.  相似文献   

Mineralogical and Geochemical Constraints on the Genesis of the Carbonate‐Hosted Jebel Ghozlane Pb–Zn Deposit (Nappe Zone,Northern Tunisia)     

Nejib Jemmali  Fouad Souissi  Emmanuel John M. Carranza  Torsten W. Vennemann 《Resource Geology》2013,63(1):27-41

The Pb–Zn deposit at Jebel Ghozlane, in the Nappe zone (northern Tunisia), is hosted by Triassic dolostones and Eocene limestones and is located along faults and a thrust‐sheet boundary. The sulfide mineralization of the deposit consists mainly of galena and sphalerite and occurs as vein, stockwork, breccia, dissemination and replacement ores. Three hydrothermal stages are involved in the formation of the ores: stage I is dominated by celestite‐barite, hydrothermal dolomite DII, colloform sphalerite, and galena I; stage II consist of galena II; and stage III contains calcite. Galena in the deposit yielded average ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios of 18.705, 15.667 and 38.734, respectively, suggesting a single upper crustal source reservoir for metals. Trace element data indicate the presence of Zn‐ and As‐free galena and As‐rich galena (with 0.2–0.5% As). Sphalerite contains 0.4% As, 0.7–0.9% Cd and 0.1–1.5% Fe. Microthermometric analysis of fluid inclusions in celestite shows that the deposit formed from fluids composed of heterogeneous mixtures of saline (19.5 ± 1 wt% NaCl eq.) aqueous solutions sourced from basinal brines, and gaseous CO₂‐rich phases bearing low amounts of CH₄, N₂ and/or H₂S, at temperatures of 172 ± 5°C.  相似文献   

河北唐山宋家营勘查区施工技术研究     

孙贵生  张纯峰  郭永宣 《中国煤炭地质》2013,(11):59-62

宋家营勘查区位于河北唐山丰南区,存在着新生界厚度大,流沙层、卵石层、砂砾层松散破碎,部分钻孔漏失严重;煤层埋藏深、层数多、层位变化大等问题,给提高钻探施工质量和效益带来了不便。为解决这些问题,作者从钻孔设计人手,针对不同的地层采用相适应钻探工艺和技术措施,对长期沿用钻探方法进行改进,使钻进方法更具有针对性;对不同的地层配制了不同的冲洗液,对地层漏失根据情况采用恰当的堵漏方法,大大减少了因堵漏增加的成本。从而使钻进效率由过去的287m／台月,提高到440m／台月,台月效率提高了53．3％,大大降低了钻探成本。  相似文献   

青海木里煤田永久冻土地层钻探技术研究     

贾志耀  周兢 《中国煤炭地质》2013,(10)

木里煤田属高寒缺氧地区,冻土（岩）层在钻进中遇热融解、融化,从而使孔内出现大范围的坍塌,造成卡钻、埋钻事故频发,给钻探施工及岩煤心采取带来很大的困难。从钻孔结构设计、钻具选择、低温冲洗液配置等方面进行深入研究,总结出来了一套适用于木里煤田永久冻土地层的钻探技术。应用表明,该项技术将钻月效率从2004年的224m,提高到2006年的424.5m,效果显著。  相似文献   

河南省新县姚冲钼矿床流体包裹体研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王玭  杨永飞  糜梅  李忠烈  王莉娟 《岩石学报》2013,29(1):107-120

河南省新县姚冲钼矿床产于大别造山带,属于陆-陆碰撞体制的斑岩型矿床,其流体成矿过程可以分为早、中、晚三个阶段,分别以石英+钾长石±黄铁矿±磁铁矿、石英±钾长石+辉钼矿±其他硫化物和石英±碳酸盐±萤石组合为标志.热液石英和萤石中发育纯CO2包裹体(PC型)、CO2-H2O型包裹体(C型)、水溶液包裹体(W型)和含子晶多相包裹体(S型).早阶段石英中发育纯CO2包裹体、CO2-H2O型包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,中阶段的石英则发育CO2-H2O型包裹体、水溶液包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,在晚阶段的无矿石英脉中发育水溶液包裹体和少量的CO2-H2O型包裹体,石英-碳酸盐-(萤石)脉石英与萤石中只发育水溶液包裹体.早阶段流体包裹体的均一温度为277～ 380℃,集中于300～ 360℃,盐度变化于3.0％～10.3％ NaCleqv之间.中阶段包裹体均一温度介于185 ～ 351℃之间,集中在260～ 320℃,盐度介于2.4％ ～9.3％NaCleqv;晚阶段包裹体均一温度为139 ～245℃,盐度介于0.7％ ～6.3％ NaCleqv之间.中阶段多相包裹体中常见黄铜矿和其他透明子矿物,表明流体具有还原性、过饱和的特征,是矿石矿物沉淀的主要阶段.估算早、中阶段流体捕获压力分别集中于47 ～ 131MPa和26 ～118MPa,所对应的成矿深度分别约为4.7km和2.6～4.2km.上述流体包裹体的研究表明姚冲钼矿床的初始成矿流体具有高温、高盐度、富CO2的特征,同时预测了深部找矿潜能.  相似文献