贺兰山至吉兰泰盐湖的水化学特征及演化规律     

魏国孝  朱锡芬  马金珠  许翔  徐涛 《广东气象》2012,31(4)

在对吉兰泰盐湖南部地下水化学组分特征分析的基础上,利用PHREEQC软件对水文地球化学演化规律进行模拟研究。结果表明,从贺兰山西侧山前到吉兰泰盐湖,水化学类型由HCO-3型过渡到Cl-—SO24-型、最后变为Cl-型;Ca2＋、Mg2＋与SO24-相关分析表明发生石膏溶解出的Ca2＋置换了MgCO3中Mg2＋,从而产生了CaCO3沉淀的水岩反应,而白云石、石膏、岩盐、CO2（g）的溶解是常量离子增加的物质来源,同时伴有强烈的蒸发浓缩作用及阳离子交换作用。特别是深层地下水具有较高的mNa/Cl值与较低的mCa/Na值,表明发生强烈的阳离子交换作用,这对认识吉兰泰盐湖地区及干旱区沙漠地区水体发生的水岩相互作用与演化机制具有借鉴作用。  相似文献   

Improved understanding of dynamic water and mass budgets of high-alpine karst systems obtained from studying a well-defined catchment area     

Simon Frank  Nadine Goeppert  Nico Goldscheider 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14033

Large areas of Europe, especially in the Alps, are covered by carbonate rocks and in many alpine regions, karst springs are important sources for drinking water supply. Because of their high variability and heterogeneity, the understanding of the hydrogeological functioning of karst aquifers is of particular importance for their protection and utilisation. Climate change and heavy rainfall events are major challenges in managing alpine karst aquifers which possess an enormous potential for future drinking water supply. In this study, we present research from a high-alpine karst system in the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Großes Walsertal in Austria, which has a clearly defined catchment and is drained by only one spring system. Results show that (a) the investigated system is a highly dynamic karst aquifer with distinct reactions to rainfall events in discharge and electrical conductivity; (b) the estimated transient atmospheric CO₂ sink is about 270 t/a; (c) the calculated carbonate rock denudation rate is between 23 and 47 mm/1000a and (d) the rainfall-discharge behaviour and the internal flow dynamics can be successfully simulated using the modelling package KarstMod. The modelling results indicate the relevance of matrix storage in determining the discharge behaviour of the spring, particularly during low-flow periods. This research and the consequent results can contribute and initiate a better understanding and management of alpine karst aquifers considering climate change with more heavy rainfall events and also longer dry periods.  相似文献   

丹江口水库老灌河流域地下水水化学特征     

代贞伟  王磊  伏永朋  章昱  张方亮  董芯岑  贺小黑 《中国地质调查》2019,6(5):43-49

作为南水北调中线工程的水源地,丹江口水库地下水的水质是影响南水北调工程建设的重要因素。为了确保丹江口水库一库清水送北京,对水库老灌河流域进行地下水采样、统计和分析,研究地下水的水化学特征,结果表明: 丹江口老灌河流域地下水偏弱碱性,属于低矿化水,Ca²⁺为优势阳离子,$HCO_3^-$为优势阴离子; 除$NO_3^-$外,该区主要离子浓度均符合我国及世界卫生组织推荐的饮用水标准; 丰水期和枯水期地下水的水化学类型均为Ca-Mg-HCO₃型和Ca-HCO₃型,水化学过程以风化-溶滤作用为主; 地下水$NO_3^-$超标13%~17%,丰水期部分区域出现Cl^-型水化学类型。季节变化对老灌河流域地下水的水化学类型空间分布影响较小,地下水水质受农业、养殖业、工业遗留废渣及生活污水等影响。  相似文献   

一起非地震前兆的水质测项突跳异常   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

文艳霞  杨显斌 《华北地震科学》2004,22(2):32-35

针对郑州市地震局测井水质测项的大幅度突跳异常变化的分析,主要通过观测井连续抽水对水质观测的影响试验,研究抽水时间的长短对水质观测影响的定量关系。分析认为,抽水时间的长短对水质观测的各测项的影响很大,且符合y=ae^b／x函数关系,尤其在抽水持续2～3小时内,水质观测各测项测值变化梯度最大,之后在影响后的高(低)值附近小幅度起伏。因此,该测井水质测项大幅度突跳变化是由于连续抽水影响所致,不属于地震前兆事件。  相似文献   

基于水化学的沂源盆地地热田成热模式探讨          下载免费PDF全文

薄本玉  王韶霞  马鹏飞  叶倩  谭肖波  谢峰 《山东国土资源》2022,38(7)

沂源盆地地热田为低温水热型岩溶热储地热系统,盖层为古近系、白垩系、石炭系,热储层为寒武纪、奥陶纪碳酸盐岩,区内发育的深大断裂如上五井断裂、韩旺断裂、傅家庄断裂等为沟通深部热源的良好通道。为掌握地热田热水的补给来源、热源、地热水年龄,进一步分析其形成机理,采集地热水样品进行了地热水水文地球化学分析、气体及其同位素分析。结果表明,该地热田地热水水化学类型为HCO3·Cl·SO4Na·Ca型、HCO3Ca·Mg型,矿化度小于1g/L;地热水补给来源为大气降水,具深循环特征;热源以壳源为主;地热水年龄10.51ka B.P.,为古地下水。结合地下水循环机理,将其地热水形成机理总结为小型断陷盆地深循环承压型。  相似文献   

地下水化学组分存在形式的计算及其意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王东胜  曾溅辉 《水文地质工程地质》1999,26(6):48-51

地下水化学组分形式的定量研究是水岩作用模拟计算的基础,本文系统地介绍了利用化学热力学平衡理论定量计算化学组分形式的理论与方法,并石家庄平原地下水中化学组分形式的分布,结果表明,构成地下水化学组分形式主要为络阴离子和单一离子,但ＣａＳＯ＾０４,ＭｇＳＯ＾０４和ＣａＣＨＯ＾＋３是地下水化学组成不可忽视的络合形式,这些络合组分随着ＴＤＳ和ＳＯ＾２－４总量的升高上游到下民占比例逐渐升高,络合形式的存在不仅  相似文献   

新场-向阳山地段地下水化学数据的多元统计分析     

李亚楠  苏锐  陈亮  周志超  郭永海  李杰彪 《铀矿地质》2020,(1):67-72

高放废物处置库选址过程中,地下水水化学特征的研究对场址筛选具有非常重要的意义。为研究北山预选区新场-向阳山地段的地下水水化学特征,笔者对研究区27件浅部地下水水样的9项指标综合运用描述性分析、因子分析和聚类分析的方法进行了系统分析。结果表明:影响研究区水化学特征的主要因素是以Na^+、Cl^-、SO4^2-等为主要载荷变量的蒸发浓缩作用,贡献率高达73.93%;其次是以HCO3-为主要载荷变量的溶滤作用,贡献率仅为11.39%。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系主要含水岩组沉积岩相古地理对地下水水化学场形成和水质分布的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

谢渊  邓国仕  刘建清  董维红  鲁洪江 《沉积与特提斯地质》2012,(3):64-74

通过典型水文钻孔和露头剖面沉积地质、水文地质调查、样品测试及综合研究表明,鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系含水层形成时,北部环河组、洛河组均广泛发育河流相沉积,而南部环河组湖泊相为主、洛河组沙漠沙丘相广泛分布的沉积古地理格局,这对含水岩石中长石、粘土矿物、方解石、石膏等重要矿物组成和易溶盐含量及其空间分布形成明显控制,也控制了含水层和隔水层空间分布,并显著影响了深层地下水循环交替条件的区域分布变化。在沉积-成岩环境条件下,影响地下水水化学场形成和水质分布变化的主要水-岩作用包括硫酸盐、碳酸盐及硅酸盐矿物的溶解溶滤和阳离子交换作用等水文地球化学作用。受含水层沉积岩相古地理、地下水循环及水岩作用等因素控制,环河组、洛河组地下水总体表现为盆地北区TDS低、淡水发育、以HCO3型为主,南区TDS高、微咸水和咸水发育、以HCO3.SO4型为主的分布规律,地下水水化学和水质分布在北区分布变化小、在南区上下含水层分布变化复杂。  相似文献   

Variation in the vertical zonality of erodibility and critical shear stress of rill erosion in China's Hengduan Mountains     

Zhengan Su  Donghong Xiong  Jianhui Zhang  Tao Zhou  Hongkun Yang  Yifan Dong  Haidong Fang  Liangtao Shi 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(1):88-97

Soil erodibility is an essential parameter used in soil erosion prediction. This study selected the Liangshan town watershed to quantify variation in the vertical zonality of rill erodibility (k_r) in China's ecologically fragile Hengduan Mountains. Soil types comprised of yellow–brown (soil A), purple (soil B), and dry-red (soil C) in a descending order of occurrence from the summit to the valley, which roughly corresponds to the vertical climate zone (i.e. cool-high mountain, warm-low mountain, and dry-hot valley sections) of the study area. With elevation, vertical soil zonality varied in both soil organic matter (SOM) content and soil particle-size fractions. A series of rill erosion-based scour experiments were conducted, using water discharge rates of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mL min^-1. Additionally, detachment rates (Dr) were measured under three hydrological conditions (the drainage, saturation, and seepage treatments). Results show that both Dr and flow shear stress (Ʈ) values increased as discharge increased. As elevation increased, the k_r values decreased, while the vertical zonality of critical shear stress (Ʈ_c) values showed no obvious variation. The highest k_r values were observed during the seepage treatment, followed by the saturation treatment then drainage treatment, indicating that variation in vertical hydraulic gradients could significantly alter k_r values. This study also found that land-use types could also alter k_r and Ʈ_c values. Further research, however, is necessary to better quantify the effects of subsurface hydrological conditions and land-use types on k_r under different soil zonalities in China's Hengduan Mountains. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The silica supersaturated waters of northern Evia and eastern central Greece     

G. Stamatis  E. Gartzos 《水文研究》1999,13(17):2833-2845

The area of north Evia and eastern central Greece is characterized by strong geomorphological contrast and is built up mainly of consolidated rocks. Unconsolidated young sediments of Pleistocene to Holocene age cover the valley and basin flats, forming the most productive aquifers in this area. However, two more types of aquifers can be distinguished within the consolidated rock area. The first one is associated with karstified limestones and the second with strongly tectonized ultramafic rocks. The schist–chert formation, with intercalations of shales and cherts, seals the ultramafic masses underneath. Surface and spring waters associated with ultramafic rocks in north Evia and eastern central Greece were studied. Two types of water can be distinguished: (1) high Mg²⁺ and SiO₂ , bicarbonate as the dominant anion, pH 7·4–9·2, temperature 9·5–16·3 °C, low TDS (total dissolved solutes) (459–1037 mg/l), found both in peridotite and serpentinite areas, classified as Mg–HCO₃ type; (2) high Ca²⁺, low Mg²⁺ and SiO₂ , hydroxyl ion as the major anion, pH 11·2, temperature 28 °C, very low TDS (122 mg/l), found in peridotite areas, classified as Ca–OH type. The studied waters are highly supersaturated with respect to quartz, amorphous silica, brucite and most low temperature magnesium silicates (antigorite, sepiolite, talc, etc.). These waters show relatively narrow SiO₂ concentration ranges and a trend parallel to the amorphous silica saturation surface. The silica supersaturated waters have the potential to precipitate silica and consequently could affect the people of the local communities that use it as drinking water, causing health problems (kidney stones). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献