过氧化钙在处理厌氧底泥中的应用初探   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张启超  杨鑫  孙淑雲  古小治  陈开宁 《湖泊科学》2015,27(6):1087-1092

为改善河道厌氧底质及内源氮、磷等营养盐释放问题,考察对沉水植被恢复的影响,研发可同步解决沉积物供氧和削减内源氮、磷释放的氧缓释材料.实验通过向沉积物-水界面处散点注射不同剂量的过氧化钙(Ca O2),研究界面处溶解氧的动态变化特征及表层沉积物与底层水体之间溶解态氮、磷的交换过程.结果表明:添加Ca O2显著提高了界面处底层上覆水溶解氧浓度,随着Ca O2浓度的增加溶解氧浓度增加,不同处理组之间具有显著差异;Ca O2对沉积物中PO3-4-P释放具有明显的抑制作用,且随Ca O2浓度的增加抑制效果愈加明显,上覆水中可溶性活性磷浓度最大可削减98%.实验开始时,磷释放速率可降至-241.916±22.501 mg/(m2·d),降幅最高可达到144%;Ca O2对沉积物NH+4-N释放的抑制效果不佳,上覆水中NH+4-N浓度随着时间的变化波动性较大,且有逐渐增大的趋势.另外,添加Ca O2会显著提高底层上覆水p H值,不同处理组之间差异显著,但当Ca O2投加量小于0.529 kg/m2时,不会对苦草种子的萌发生长有显著影响,p H值波动在可接受范围内(7.62~10.87).因此,结合污染沉积物的状况,适当地投加Ca O2有望同步解决底质厌氧、内源磷释放及后期沉水植被定植底质生境改善的问题,可推荐为一种黑臭污染底泥治理技术在实际的河道生态工程中应用,其适宜浓度为0.176 kg/m2左右.  相似文献   

室温条件下微生物环境中块金生长机理的实验研究   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

张海祥  阚小凤 《地球化学》1999,28(2):177-182

室温条件下,用真菌、硅藻、固氮菌及芽孢杆菌等不同微生物,经３个月至１８个月的时间,可将砖红色的海绵金培育成片状、丝状及粒状的Ａｕ颗粒,这表明在表生条件及微生物环境中,Ａｕ可以被活化、迁移、再生长、测定结果表明,培养液中的Ａｕ质量浓度与其中的Ｈ２Ｏ２质量浓度有正相关关系;而且,Ａｕ和Ｈ２Ｏ２质量浓度高的样品,其中的金粒生长速率也快,说明表生条件下块金的生长与溶液中的Ｈ２Ｏ２质量浓度密切相关。  相似文献   

不同盐胁迫时间下秋茄幼苗叶片膜脂过氧化作用的研究   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15  

王文卿  林鹏 《海洋学报》2000,22(3):49-54

对长时间和短时间盐胁迫下红树植物秋茄(Kandelin candel)叶片膜脂过氧化作用、叶绿素含量、电解质渗透率、叶片肉质化程度等与盐胁迫强度之间的关系进行了对比研究.结果表明,短时间盐胁迫和长时间盐胁迫下秋茄叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、叶片肉质化程度等随盐胁迫强度的提高而有不同的变化规律.在短时间盐胁迫下,随基质盐度的提高,SOD活性(fw)变化呈“U”型,在盐度15～20处叶片SOD活性最低,MDA含量变化不明显,电解质渗透率和叶片肉质化程度先升高而后下降,在盐度20处最高;在长时间盐胁迫下,SOD活性先随盐度的提高而提高,当盐度高于10时又随盐度的提高而下降,而MDA含量随盐胁迫程度的提高而下降,电解质渗透率和肉质化程度却上升,不同盐胁迫时间下红树植物秋茄具有不同的耐盐机制.膜脂过氧化不是盐胁迫下秋茄叶片膜损伤的主要原因.  相似文献   

Phosphorus and nitrate run‐off in hill pasture and forest catchments,Taita, New Zealand     

R. H. S. McColl  E. White  A. R. Gibson 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):729-744

Abstract

Phosphorus and nitrogen were measured in stream run‐off from the four catchments of the Taita Experimental Basin (41° 11′ S, 174° 58′ E). The land is used as exotic conifer forest, native forest, and hill pasture. Multiple regression analysis was used to estimate chemical losses per unit area in floods and at low flows.

At low flows, the hill pasture (fertilised with lime at 630 kg·ba^?1·y^?1, and superphosphate at 380 kg·ha^?1·y^?1) tended to lose more phosphorus and nitrate than the forested land, but differences were small, and not always significant. During large floods, the hill pasture (No. 5 Catchment) lost about 3 times as much reactive phosphate and 2–5 times as much total phosphorus as the forested land, and 130–190 times as much nitrate as land in the Exotic Forest and Native Forest 2 Catchments. Nitrate losses from land in the No. 4 Catchment (mainly native forest) were as high as those from the hill pasture, so high nitrate loss is not associated solely with agriculture.

Losses of total phosphorus via the catchment streams were estimated as: No. 5 Catchment (hill pasture), 293 g·ha^?1·y^?1; Native Forest 2 Catchment, 201 g·ha^?1·y^?1; No. 4 Catchment, 124 g·ha^?1·y^?1; Exotic Forest Catchment, 71 g·ha^?1.y^?1. Nitrate‐N losses were estimated to have been 1356 g·ha^?1·y^?1, 11.5 g·ha^?1·y^?1, 1436 g·ha^?1·y^?1, and 44 g·ha^?1·y^?1 respectively. Phosphorus and nitrate concentrations were similar in the Exotic Forest and Native Forest 2 streams, but the Exotic Forest tended to lose smaller amounts because it yielded about 50% less water per unit area.

Over the 2‐y study, an estimated 47–70% of phosphorus losses and up to 83% nitrate losses occurred in large floods; 31% and 48% respectively were apparently lost from the hill pasture catchment in a single flood. Less than 20% of estimated phosphorus losses and as little as 1% of nitrate losses occurred at low flows.

Run‐off of phosphorus and nitrate was spasmodic, and this should be considered in assessing the impact of surface run‐off on the biology and chemistry of receiving waters.  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定铬铁矿中三氧化二铬     

靳丽波  田凤英 《化工矿产地质》2013,(3):188-192

铬铁矿采用过氧化钠熔融分解,盐酸酸化,在标准溶液中加入与待测液相匹配的基体,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定矿样中的三氧化二铬,方法用于分析国家一级标准物质,分析结果与标准值一致,均在误差允许范围内;与传统的容量法、光度法相比,分析速度快,流程短,准确度高。  相似文献   

地塞米松和过氧化氢对合浦珠母贝珍珠层结构及基质蛋白表达的影响     

陈鹏  苏境坦  孔玮  王洪钟  张贵友  谢莉萍  张荣庆 《海洋科学》2014,38(11):7-15

分别用地塞米松(Dexamethasone,DEX)和过氧化氢(H2O2)处理合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata),研究其对贝珍珠层和基质蛋白表达的影响。扫描电镜观察显示,DEX可促进珍珠层生长,H2O2则抑制珍珠层生长。体外碳酸钙结晶实验表明,DEX处理组间液蛋白调控文石生成的趋势加强,并加速碳酸钙结晶速率;H2O2处理组相反。实时定量PCR实验显示,DEX处理组TGFβ和NF-кB信号通路关键因子pf-smad3、pf-rel等和基质蛋白Nacrein等基因表达水平明显降低,H2O2作用组则显著上升。由上述结果推测,DEX和H2O2可通过抑制或激活合浦珠母贝的TGFβ和NF-кB信号通路,从而调控与珍珠层形成相关的基质蛋白的表达,并影响珍珠层的结构;同时暗示贝的免疫体系和矿化系统可能存在协同作用,该作用机制具有生物进化学意义,并对养殖珍珠的培育具有借鉴作用。  相似文献   

Physical-chemical and electrochemical characterization of Fe-exchanged natural zeolite applied for obtaining of hydrogen peroxide amperometric sensors     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2014,74(4):653-660

This work demonstrates that a Fe-exchanged zeolitic volcanic tuff from Cepari (Fe/CV) (Bistrita-Nasaud County, Romania) is suitable for the amperometric detection of H₂O₂, using new modified carbon paste electrodes based on this material (Fe/CV-CPEs). The physical-chemical characterization of natural (CV) and modified (Fe/CV) forms was realized using chemical analysis, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The resulting electrodes (Fe/CV-CPEs) were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements. The new electrodes showed good electrocatalytic activity toward H₂O₂ reduction. The calibration curve for H₂O₂ determination was linear up to 0.1 mM, with a detection limit (signal to noise ratio of 3) of 20 μM.  相似文献   

Preparation of polysaccharides in different molecular weights from Ulva pertusa Kjellm （Chorophyta）     

于鹏展  张全斌张虹牛锡珍  李智恩 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2004,22(4):381-385

As molecular weight controls the biological activities of polysaccharides, screening the optimal molecular weight of polysaccharides is important in drug research and application. In this study, hydrogen peroxide was employed as oxidant, and temperature, reaction time, and concentration of polysaccharides and hydrogen peroxide were examined for their effects on the preparation of polysaccharides in different molecular weights from Ulva pertusa. Our experiment suggested that the optimal degradation concentrations for polysaccharides and hydrogen peroxide were 2.5% (w/v) and 8.0% (v/v), respectively. The range of degradation measured by relative viscosity was mainly controlled by temperature and time. Results revealed that 35℃ was the optimal temperature for obtaining low-degradation samples, and 50℃ was the most favorable temperature to accelerate the reaction to yield highly-degraded samples. Four samples in different molecular weights A, B, C and D were finally prepared. The controllability was evaluated by the relative standard deviation (RSD) of relative viscosity, and the peak molecular weights and the polydispersity indexes (Mw/Mn) of molecular weights were measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC).  相似文献   

主要铁氧化物催化H2O2 氧化地下水中硝基苯实验     

孙猛  王英  董军  耿芳兰  董莉莉  赵然 《世界地质》2010,29(4):673-676

实验研究了含水层介质中主要铁氧化物催化H2O2 氧化地下水中硝基苯的机理和主要影响因素,为硝基苯污染地下水的原位化学修复技术提供了一定的理论依据。实验模拟在地下环境温度8 ℃ ～ 10 ℃条件下,利用动力学方程对硝基苯的衰减进行拟合,结果表明,其衰减系数K = 0. 044 3 min － 1 ; 硝基苯与H2O2 的最佳摩尔比为1∶200; 主要铁氧化物催化H2O2 氧化硝基苯能力依次为: 磁铁矿＞ 针铁矿＞ 氢氧化铁＞ 赤铁矿。  相似文献   

Photochemistry in the Arctic Free Troposphere: Ozone Budget and Its Dependence on Nitrogen Oxides and the Production Rate of Free Radicals     

Craig Stroud  Sasha Madronich  Elliot Atlas  Christopher Cantrell  Alan Fried  Brian Wert  Brian Ridley  Fred Eisele  Lee Mauldin  Richard Shetter  Barry Lefer  Frank Flocke  Andy Weinheimer  Mike Coffey  Brian Heikes  Robert Talbot  Donald Blake 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2004,47(2):107-138

Local ozone production and loss rates for the arctic free troposphere (58–85° N, 1–6 km, February–May) during the TroposphericOzone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) campaign were calculated using a constrained photochemical box model. Estimates were made to assess the importance of local photochemical ozone production relative to transport in accounting for the springtime maximum in arctic free tropospheric ozone. Ozone production and loss rates from our diel steady-state box model constrained by median observations were first compared to two point box models, one run to instantaneous steady-state and the other run to diel steady-state. A consistent picture of local ozone photochemistry was derived by all three box models suggesting that differences between the approaches were not critical. Our model-derived ozone production rates increased by a factor of 28 in the 1–3 km layer and a factor of 7 in the 3–6 kmlayer between February and May. The arctic ozone budget required net import of ozone into the arctic free troposphere throughout the campaign; however, the transport term exceeded the photochemical production only in the lower free troposphere (1–3 km) between February and March. Gross ozone production rates were calculated to increase linearly with NO_x mixing ratiosup to 300 pptv in February and for NO_x mixing ratios up to 500 pptv in May. These NO_x limits are an order of magnitude higher thanmedian NO_x levels observed, illustrating the strong dependence ofgross ozone production rates on NO_x mixing ratios for the majority of theobservations. The threshold NO_x mixing ratio needed for netpositive ozone production was also calculated to increase from NO_x 10pptv in February to 25 pptv in May, suggesting that the NO_x levels needed to sustain net ozone production are lower in winter than spring. This lower NO_x threshold explains how wintertime photochemical ozone production can impact the build-up of ozone over winter and early spring. There is also an altitude dependence as the threshold NO_x neededto produce net ozone shifts to higher values at lower altitudes. This partly explains the calculation of net ozone destruction for the 1–3 km layerand net ozone production for the 3–6 km layer throughout the campaign.  相似文献