基于多尺度边缘的重力异常分离方法     

汪海洪  宁津生  罗志才  罗佳 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2009,34(1)

利用多尺度边缘分析理论,对重力异常的小波多重分解法作了改进,提出了基于多尺度边缘的重力异常分离方法。实验表明,改进方法除保留了多重分解法的优点外,还能够同时实现异常的纵向和横向分离,而且可以根据每个场源对应的多尺度边缘的分布情况确定小波分解的阶数,有利于单一异常特征的提取。利用该方法对琉球俯冲带西南端区域的船测重力资料进行了处理分析,结果与该区域的地质构造具有很好的对应关系。  相似文献   

Defining parameters for Eckhardt's digital baseflow filter     

Walter Collischonn  Fernando Mainardi Fan 《水文研究》2013,27(18):2614-2622

Digital filters are useful tools for assessing the contribution of groundwater to total river flow. Several of those filters have been proposed in the last decades. One of the last contributions on this subject was given by Ekchardt (2005) who proposed a more general form of a digital baseflow filter and showed that some of the most used filters are special cases of this general form. This new filter has the inconvenience of having two parameters, one of them may be obtained directly from recession analysis, but the other (maximum baseflow index (BFImax)) is routinely estimated by a priori defined values according to the predominant geological characteristics of the drainage basin. In this short communication, we propose a method to estimate BFImax by a backwards filtering operation. The method was applied using data from 15 gauging stations in Brazil, with a varied range of groundwater contribution to streamflow. Results of the new estimation method for the BFImax parameter are coherent with the values which would be adopted by considering geological characteristics of the river basins. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Identifying run‐off contributions during melt‐induced run‐off events in a glacierized alpine catchment          下载免费PDF全文

Michael Engel  Daniele Penna  Giacomo Bertoldi  Andrea Dell'Agnese  Chris Soulsby  Francesco Comiti 《水文研究》2016,30(3):343-364

We analysed contributions to run‐off using hourly stream water samples from seven individual melt‐induced run‐off events (plus one rainfall event) during 2011, 2012 and 2013 in two nested glacierized catchments in the Eastern Italian Alps. Electrical conductivity and stable isotopes of water were used for mixing analysis and two‐component and three‐component hydrograph separation. High‐elevation snowmelt, glacier melt and autumn groundwater were identified as major end‐members. Discharge and tracers in the stream followed the diurnal variations of air temperature but markedly reacted to rainfall inputs. Hysteresis patterns between discharge and electrical conductivity during the melt‐induced run‐off events revealed contrasting loop directions at the two monitored stream sections. Snowmelt contribution to run‐off was highest in June and July (up to 33%), whereas the maximum contribution of glacier melt was reached in August (up to 65%). The maximum groundwater and rainfall contributions were 62% and 11%, respectively. Run‐off events were generally characterized by decreasing snowmelt and increasing glacier melt fractions from the beginning to the end of the summer 2012, while run‐off events in 2013 showed less variable snowmelt and lower glacier melt contributions than in 2012. The results provided essential insights into the complex dynamics of melt‐induced run‐off events and may be of further use in the context of water resource management in alpine catchments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Evaluating the effectiveness of heavy liquid density separation in isolating K-feldspar grains using alluvial sediments from the Hajar Mountains,Oman     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Heavy liquid density separation is commonly utilised in isolating specific minerals from bulk sediment for luminescence dating. K-feldspars are commonly separated from other minerals by isolating the <2.58 g cm⁻³ fraction which yields infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) signals conducive to dating. However, initial measurements of the IRSL and thermoluminescence (TL) signals from the <2.58 g cm⁻³ fraction of alluvial fan sediments from the Hajar Mountains, northern Oman, were atypical of K-feldspar luminescence signals reported in the literature. In this study, three different density separates (<2.58 g cm⁻³, 2.58–2.54 g cm⁻³ and <2.565 g cm⁻³) were trialled to attempt to isolate pure K-feldspar samples for dating, to measure K-feldspar IRSL signals which are not contaminated with inputs from other feldspar, quartz and/or heavy mineral signals. The mineralogy of these separates was explored using microscopy, X-ray diffraction and mass spectrometry. We found that despite more refined heavy liquid density separation, the proportions of K-feldspar in these separates had a maximum of 40% by weight, remaining significantly contaminated by other minerals. IRSL and TL signals were atypical of K-feldspar for all density separates and it is likely that there is a contribution of signal from IR-sensitive contaminants, such as muscovite. This highlights the importance of investigating the mineralogy of samples for luminescence dating, especially in regions where little prior work has been undertaken.  相似文献   

基于非线性分离的可倾转四旋翼LQR飞行控制研究     

卢凯文  杨忠  许昌亮  徐浩  陆可 《南京气象学院学报》2019,11(4):390-397

本文研究了一种能够独立控制位置和姿态的可倾转四旋翼飞行器,在建立了系统动力学模型的基础上,针对可倾转四旋翼飞行器系统存在的强输入非线性问题,采用了非线性分离策略,构造中间控制量,将该强非线性系统分离为线性动态环节和非线性静态环节,并仅针对线性动态环节设计了计算量小、易于硬件实现的线性二次型调节器（LQR）,然后再通过反解输入非线性环节将中间控制量分配到实际的控制量——旋翼倾转角和电机转速.仿真实验结果表明,基于非线性分离策略设计的LQR飞行控制器能够实现对可倾转四旋翼稳定控制,很好地独立追踪位置和姿态期望.  相似文献   

Temperature and emissivity separation and mineral mapping based on airborne TASI hyperspectral thermal infrared data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2015

Thermal infrared remote sensing (8–12 μm) (TIR) has great potential for geologic remote sensing studies. TIR has been successfully used for terrestrial and planetary geologic studies to map surface materials. However, the complexity of the physics and the lack of hyperspectral data make the studies under-investigated. A new generation of commercial hyperspectral infrared sensors, known as Thermal Airborne Spectrographic Imager (TASI), was used for image analysis and mineral mapping in this study. In this paper, a combined method integrating normalized emissivity method (NEM), ratio algorithm (RATIO) and maximum–minimum apparent emissivity difference (MMD), being applied in multispectral data, has been modified and used to determine whether this method is suitable for retrieving emissivity from TASI hyperspectral data. MODTRAN 4 has been used for the atmospheric correction. The retrieved emissivity spectra matched well with the field measured spectra except for bands 1, 2, and 32. Quartz, calcite, diopside/hedenbergite, hornblende and microcline have been mapped by the emissivity image. Mineral mapping results agree with the dominant minerals identified by laboratory X-ray powder diffraction and spectroscopic analyses of field samples. Both of the results indicated that the atmospheric correction method and the combined temperature–emissivitiy method are suitable for TASI image. Carbonate skarnization was first found in the study area by the spatial extent of diopside. Chemical analyses of the skarn samples determined that the Au content was 0.32–1.74 g/t, with an average Au content of 0.73 g/t. This information provides an important resource for prospecting for skarn type gold deposits. It is also suggested that TASI is suitable for prospect and deposit scale exploration.  相似文献   

A Comprehensive Method for Precise Determination of Re,Os, Ir,Ru, Pt,Pd Concentrations and Os Isotopic Compositions in Geological Samples   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

Zhuyin Chu  Yan Yan  Zhi Chen  Jinghui Guo  Yueheng Yang  Chaofeng Li  Yanbin Zhang 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2015,39(2):151-169

A comprehensive method for the precise determination of Re, Os, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd concentrations as well as Os isotopic compositions in geological samples is presented. Samples were digested by the Carius tube method, and the Os was extracted by conventional CCl₄ method. The Re, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd were first subgroup separated from the matrix elements into Re‐Ru, Ir‐Pt and Pd by a 2‐ml anion exchange column. Subsequently, the Re‐Ru was further purified by a secondary 0.25 ml anion exchange column or by microdistillation of Ru using CrO₃‐H₂SO₄ as an oxidant followed by a secondary 0.25 ml anion exchange separation of Re. The Pd and Ir‐Pt were further successively purified by an Eichrom‐LN column to completely remove Zr and Hf, respectively. Rhenium, Ir, Ru, Pt and Pd were individually measured by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS), except for Ru after microdistillation purification was analysed by negative‐thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (N‐TIMS). The analytical results for peridotite reference material WPR‐1 agree well with the previously published data. Finally, several mafic rock reference materials including TDB‐1, WGB‐1, BHVO‐2, BCR‐2, BIR‐1a and DNC‐1a were analysed for Re‐Os isotopes and platinum‐group element concentrations to test their suitability for certification.  相似文献   

Characterization of humic substances by advanced solid state NMR spectroscopy: Demonstration of a systematic approach   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jingdong Mao  Na ChenXiaoyan Cao 《Organic Geochemistry》2011,42(8):891-902

Characterization of humic substances is challenging due to their structural complexity and heterogeneity. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is regarded as one of the best tools for elucidating structures of humic substances. The primary solid state NMR technique that has been used so far is the routine ¹³C cross polarization-magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) technique. Although this technique has markedly advanced our understanding of humic substances, the full potential of NMR for characterizing humic substances has yet to be realized. Recent technical developments and applications of advanced solid state NMR have revealed the promise to provide deeper insights into structures of humic substances. In this paper, we summarized and demonstrated the systematic solid state NMR protocol for characterization of humic substances using a humic acid as an example. This protocol included (1) identification of specific functional groups using spectral editing techniques, occasionally assisted by ¹H¹³C two-dimensional heteronuclear correlation (2D HETCOR) NMR, (2) quantification of specific functional groups based on direct polarization-magic angle spinning (DP-MAS) and DP-MAS with recoupled dipolar dephasing, combined with spectral editing techniques, (3) determination of connectivities and proximities of specific functional groups by ¹H¹³C 2D HETCOR or 2D HETCOR combined with spectral editing techniques, and (4) examination of domains and heterogeneities by ¹H¹³C 2D HETCOR with ¹H spin diffusion. We used a soil humic acid as an example to demonstrate how this protocol was applied to the characterization of humic substances step by step. Afterwards, based on typical ¹³C NMR spectra of humic substances we described how we could combine different NMR techniques to identify specific functional groups band by band from downfield to upfield. Finally, we briefly mentioned the potential new NMR techniques that could be developed to enrich the current systematic protocol. This systematic protocol is not only applicable to humic substances but also to other natural organic matter samples.  相似文献   

铜-铜试剂分离富集-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定地下水中痕量汞     

崔德松 《岩矿测试》2011,30(3):321-324

利用铜(Ⅱ)与铜试剂反应生成鳌合物沉淀的同时,能将痕量汞(Ⅱ)共同沉淀出来的特性,将汞(Ⅱ)分离富集,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定地下水中汞的含量。在汞标准溶液中,加入不同量的铜和铜试剂测定汞的真实含量,最终确定铜和铜试剂最佳加入量。通过优选分析线、背景恰当扣除处理,水溶液体积由200 mL浓缩至5 mL,富集40倍后汞的检出限可达0.1μg/L。方法用于测定国家标准物质GBW(E)080006和实际样品,测定值与标准值、国家标准方法测定值一致,均在允许误差范围内。方法精密度(RSD,n=12)小于10%,可满足地下水中痕量汞的测定要求。  相似文献   

焙烧分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜铅锌矿石中的硒   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

董亚妮  田萍  熊英  胡建平  牟乃仓  雒虹  陶秋丽 《岩矿测试》2011,30(2):164-168

样品经艾斯卡试剂(碳酸钠和氧化锌)半熔法分解,沸水提取,使硒与主量金属元素铜、铅、锌及其他过渡金属和贵金属元素得到分离;滞留在溶液中的干扰元素,通过在酸性介质中加铁盐来掩蔽。采用焙烧分离-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定铜矿石、铅矿石和锌矿石中的硒,干扰少、灵敏度高。确定了最佳条件为盐酸浓度30%,硼氢化钾浓度20 g/L,铁盐浓度1 mg/mL;干扰元素的允许量铜为40 mg/L,铅为8 mg/L,锌为400 mg/L。同时对铜、铅、锌主量金属元素进行分离效率试验,效果好。方法检出限为0.0203μg/g,测定范围为0.15～100μg/g。经全国不同地区7家实验室采用铜矿石、铅矿石和锌矿石国家标准物质验证,精密度的重复性限和再现性良好,准确度高。建立的方法也适合于土壤及多金属矿物中硒的测定。  相似文献