1998年“4.18”强沙尘暴分析及数值模拟   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  

许东蓓  康凤琴  郑新江 《气象》2002,28(8):9-14

对1998年4月18－19日发生在新疆、甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古等地的一次强沙尘暴天气过程从天气事实、天气学成因等方面进行了分析和诊断，然后利用非静力MM5模式对这次沙尘暴天气进行了数值模拟。结果表明，西西伯利亚强冷空气迅速东移，在新疆西部上空形成强锋区，对应的地面冷锋东移至前期增暖显著的新疆、内蒙古、甘肃、宁夏等地形成了本次大风、强沙尘暴天气。用非静力MM5模式较好地模拟出了此次强沙尘暴天气过程的地面强风系统、高空锋区的发生发展。  相似文献   

光电式互感器的研究和发展及其在电力系统中的应用   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

易本顺 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2002,27(1):57-62

在电力系统中，光学传感器较之传统的电气传感器具有本质上的优越性。叙述了近年来电流互感器（OCT）、光学电压互感器（OVT）在实际电力系统中的应用方面的研究及发展，详细总结了从110kV三相OCT到500k V组合式光学电流电压测量系统（OMU）等实际项目的研究工作。对光学电流互感器的一些新型设计进行了探讨，并展望了应用于电站的基于光纤传感、光纤监控、光纤通信及光纤继电保护的光纤局域网。  相似文献   

2000年我国天气气候特点   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈峪 《气象》2001,27(4):20-24

2000年我国主要天气气候特点为：全国大部地区降水偏少或接近常年，出现全国性干旱，特别是北方地区春夏季遭遇多年来罕见的特大干旱，汛期未发生大范围的暴雨洪涝灾害，秋季黄淮以南地区出现持续连阴雨天气，全国大部分气温接近常年成偏高，持续暖冬态势发生转折，夏季高温酷热，春季北方扬沙和沙尘暴天气异常频繁，登陆我国台风个数偏少，风雹等强对流天气明显偏少。  相似文献   

中国西北大气沙尘光学特性的数值试验   总被引：8，自引：11，他引：8  

成天涛  沈志宝 《高原气象》2001,20(3):291-297

利用 1991年 2月下旬～ 5月中旬HEIFE张掖和沙漠站的大气浑浊度观测、地面辐射观测及同期卫星资料 ,借助NCARCCM 3中的辐射模式CRM ,模拟估算了我国西北大气沙尘气溶胶的部分光学参数 ,单次散射反照率 (ω0 )和光学厚度比 [k(τλ=8～ 14 /τλ=0 .55) ]。计算结果表明 ,清洁天ω0 和k(τλ =8～ 14 /(τλ =0 .55)在沙漠和绿洲均为 0 .94和 0 .1;浑浊天ω0 在绿洲为 0 .90 ,沙漠为 0 .84 ;k(τλ=8～ 14 /τλ =0 .55)在绿洲为 0 .3 ,沙漠为 0 .4。在气候模式中 ,可将我国西部沙尘源区大气沙尘的ω0 和k(τλ =8～ 14 /τλ=0 .55)分别取为 0 .88和 0 .3。  相似文献   

对山西应县木塔采用纳米复合纤维加固的建议   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

李大华  徐扬  郑鹄 《山西地震》2001,(4):24-25

山西应县木塔是古人留给我们的稀世珍宝，如何妥善地保护好这一珍贵的遗产，使之在加固时尽量保持原有的风貌，是一项复杂而艰巨的任务。根据长期的研究成果和实际工作的经验，提出了用纳米复合纤维加固应县木塔的建议，介绍了纳米复合纤维材料的特点，分析讨论了加固时的一些具体技术问题。  相似文献   

Variations in chemical compositions of the eolian dust in Chinese Loess Plateau over the past 2.5 Ma and chemical weathering in the Asian inland   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

CHEN Jun  LIU Lianwen  JI Junfeng  YANG Jiedong  CHEN Yang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(5):403-413

Major and trace elements as well as strontium isotopic composition have been analyzed on the acid-insoluble (AI) phase of the loess-paleosol sequence from Luochuan, Shaanxi Province, China. Results show that the chemical composition of AI phase of loess and paleosols is distinctive to the average composition of upper continental crust (UCC), characterized by depletion of mobile elements Na, Ca and Sr. The distribution pattern of elements in AI phase reveals that initial dust, derived from a vast area of Asian inland, has suffered from Na- and Ca-removed chemical weathering compared to UCC. Some geochemical parameters (such as CIA values, Na/K, Rb/Sr and⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios) display a regular variation and evolution, reflecting that the chemical weathering in the source region of loess deposits has decreased gradually since 2.5 Ma with the general increase of global ice volume. This coincidence reflects that the aridity of Asian inland since the Quaternary is a possible regional response to the global climate change.  相似文献   

The aeolian dust accumulation curve     

Dirk Goossens 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2001,26(11):1213-1219

This article presents a simple physical concept of aeolian dust accumulation, based on the behaviour of the subprocesses of dust deposition and dust erosion. The concept is tested in an aeolian dust wind tunnel. The agreement between the accumulation curve predicted by the model and the accumulation curve obtained in the experiments is close to perfect and shows that it is necessary to discriminate between the processes of aeolian dust deposition and aeolian dust accumulation. Two important thresholds determine the accumulation process. For wind speeds below the deflation threshold, the aeolian accumulation of dust increases linearly with the wind speed. For wind velocities between the deflation threshold and the accumulation limit, the sedimentation balance is above unity and there is still accumulation, though it rapidly drops once the deflation threshold has been exceeded. At wind speeds beyond the accumulation limit, the sedimentation balance is below unity and there will no longer be an accumulation of dust. The thresholds have been determined in a wind tunnel test at friction velocity u_* = 0·34 m s^?1 (deflation threshold) and u_* = 0·43 m s^?1 (accumulation limit), but these values are only indicative since they depend heavily on the characteristics of the accumulation surface and of the airborne grains. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

自聚焦光纤中传导模的场分布     

翁兴涛  余模智  何平安 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1995,(4)

从亥姆霍兹方程出发，导出了自聚焦光纤中传导模在圆柱坐标系中的场分布形式，并给出了几个低阶模的分布图。  相似文献   

Atmospheric pollution assessment near potential source of natural aerosols in the South Gobi Desert region,China     

Mikalai Filonchyk  Volha Hurynovich  Shuwen Yang 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2020,57(2):227-244

ABSTRACT

Rapid economic growth, a high degree of urbanization and the proximity of a large number of desert and semidesert landscapes can have a significant impact on the atmosphere of adjacent territories, leading to high levels of atmospheric pollution. Therefore, identifying possible sources of atmospheric pollution is one of the main tasks. In this study, we carried out an analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics of five main atmospheric pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, SO₂, NO₂, and CO) near potential source of natural aerosols, affecting seven cities (Wuhai, Alashan, Wuzhong, Zhongwei, Wuwei, Jinchang, Zhangye), located in immediate proximity to the South Gobi deserts. The results, obtained for the period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018, demonstrate total concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ are 38.2 ± 19.5 and 101 ± 80.7 μg/m³ exceeding the same established by the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality Standard (CNAAQS), being 35 and 70 μg/m³, respectively. Based on the data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for the whole period, Clean Сontinental (71.49%) and Mixed (22.29%) types of aerosols prevail in the region. In the spring and winter seasons maximum concentrations of pollutants and high values of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) in the region atmosphere are observed. PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ ratio shows the presence of coarse aerosols in the total content with value 0.43. The highest concentrations of pollutants were in the period of dust storms activity, when PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ content exceeded 200 and 1000 µg/m³, and AOD value exceeded 1. UV Aerosol Index (UVAI), Aerosol Absorbing Optical Depth (AAOD), and Single Scattering Albedo (SSA), obtained from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), demonstrate the high content of dust aerosols in the period of sandstorms. Analysis of backward trajectories shows that dust air masses moved from North to Northwest China, affecting large deserts such as Taklamakan, Gurbantunggut, Badain Jaran, Tengger, and Ulan Buh deserts.  相似文献   

具有尘带的椭圆星系的红外辐射特性     

胡景耀  王钢 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1988,(1)

IRAS在12,25,60和100μm的巡天,给我们提供了研究各类星系红外辐射特性的可能。为了研究具有尘带的E和SO星系的红外辐射特性,我们利用了E.Sadler给出的完备的E和SO星系表。在该星系表中共列出248个夭体,其中38个被证记为IRAS点源,且又有确切的60和100μm的流量值。在这38个天体中有6个被列在K.Ebneter和B.Balik最新发表的具有全带的椭圆星系表中。我们以这6个星系作为具有尘带的E和SO星系的样本,其它32个没有尘带的E和SO星系即作为对照样本。为了讨论具有尘带的椭圆星系的红外辐射特性,我们利用非参数Mann-Whitney检验,对这两个样本的LIR和FIR/FB的分布作了讨论,结果是在对于置信度α=0.05的水平上,我们不能拒绝另一假设:这两个样本的LIR和FIR/FB的分布是相同的。对于同时具有25,60和100μm确切流量的E和SO星系我们讨论了它们的双色图,结果发现,不具尘带的E和SO星系都处于Rowan-Robinson.et al所指出的正常星系区,而一些具有尘和带的ESO星系,则远离这一区域,它们是LINER和SEYFERT星系。  相似文献