Characteristics of Elemental Composition of PM2.5 in the Spring Period at Tongyu in the Semi-arid Region of Northeast China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

ZHANG Renjian  FU Congbin  HAN Zhiwei  ZHU Chongshu 《大气科学进展》2008,25(6):922-931

Continuous observations of mass concentration and elemental composition of aerosol particles （PM2.5） were conducted at Tongyu, a semi-arid site in Northeast China in the spring of 2006. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 at Tongyu station was 260.9±274.4 μg m^-3 during the observation period. Nine dust events were monitored with a mean concentration of 528.0±302.7 μgm^-3. The PM2.5 level during non- dust storm （NDS） period was 111.65±63.37 μg m^-3. High mass concentration shows that fine-size particles pollution was very serious in the semi-arid area in Northeast China. The enrichment factor values for crust elements during the dust storm （DS） period are close to those in the NDS period, while the enrichment factor values for pollution elements during the NDS period are much higher than those in the DS period, showing these elements were from anthropogenic sources. The ratios of dust elements to Fe were relative constant during the DS period. The Ca/Fe ratio in dust aerosols at Tongyu is remarkably different from that observed in other source regions and downwind regions. Meteorological analysis shows that dust events at Tongyu are usually associated with dry, low pressure and high wind speed weather conditions. Air mass back-trajectory analysis identified three kinds of general pathways were associated with the aerosol particle transport to Tongyu, and the northwest direction pathway was the main transport route.  相似文献   

西北地区沙尘暴天气监测预警服务业务系统   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王遂缠王鹏祥  王志宇 《干旱气象》2005,23(4):83-87

西北地区沙尘暴天气监测预警服务业务系统由沙尘天气资料库、沙尘天气监测、沙尘天气预报和沙尘天气服务4个子系统构成,是一个具有较好物理基础、较强监测预报服务能力、较高自动化程度并具有西北区域沙尘暴气候特色的综合业务系统,业务试运行期间,在2003、2004年春季几次沙尘暴天气的预报服务中发挥了重大作用,并取得了良好的社会经济效益。该系统为西部大开发气象服务提供了有力的技术保障,为西部地区环境保护和环境监测奠定了基础。  相似文献   

风蚀起沙的影响因子及其变化特征   总被引：19，自引：4，他引：15  

申彦波  沈志宝  杜明远  汪万福 《高原气象》2005,24(4):611-616

以敦煌地区的戈壁和绿洲为例,对地表土壤风蚀起沙的临界摩擦速度及其变化特征和风蚀起沙过程中地表土壤的粒子尺度分布及其对垂直尘粒通量的影响进行了分析研究。结果表明,地表土壤风蚀起沙的临界摩擦速度随土壤水分含量和植被覆盖度的增大而增大,随粒子尺度的变化是先减小后增大,在中间某一尺度处有一最小值;土壤的人工利用和管理对临界摩擦速度也有着相当大的影响,风蚀起沙过程中,地表土壤的粒子尺度分布随时间发生变化,瞬时的粒子尺度分布不同于平均的粒子尺度分布,利用前者计算得到的垂直尘粒通量对摩擦速度的变化更敏感,利用后者计算得到的垂直尘粒通量偏大。  相似文献   

一个改进的沙尘天气数值预测系统及其模拟试验   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7  

雷航  林朝晖  孙建华 《气候与环境研究》2005,10(3):669-683

在中尺度气象模式最新版本MM5V3.7的基础上,通过与一个起沙模式的耦合,建立了一个新的中国科学院大气物理研究所(IAP/CAS)沙尘天气数值预测系统(IAPS 2.0).该系统与IAP原有的沙尘天气数值预测系统(IAPS 1.0)最主要的差异在于气象模式中陆面过程模式的改进.利用改进前后两个版本的预测系统对2002年4月发生在我国北方地区的两次较强沙尘(暴)过程进行了数值模拟,并与观测实况进行了比较,结果表明改进的系统对沙尘天气的预测能力比改进前的版本有显著的改进,这主要是由于新的陆面模式改善了地表土壤湿度的模拟,进而改进了决定起沙与否的关键因子临界摩擦速度的模拟,从而提高了预测系统对起沙范围和强度的模拟效果.总的说来,采用了更为先进的Noah陆面模式的IAP沙尘(暴)天气数值预测系统对中国北方春季沙尘(暴)天气过程具有更好的模拟能力.  相似文献   

科尔沁沙地灌木对风沙土壤的生态效应   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

张华  何红  李锋瑞  张洪荣 《地理研究》2005,24(5):708-716

对科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿、差巴嘎蒿和黄柳灌木阻固沙尘和保育土壤的生态效应进行了野外定株观测研究。结果表明:⑴小叶锦鸡儿阻固沙尘的能力很强,单株灌木基部的平均积沙（尘）量为0.49m³,分别是差巴嘎蒿和黄柳的3倍和16倍。⑵每一灌木种的冠幅直径、基部分枝数和分枝直径均与灌木基部的积沙（尘）量有显著的正相关关系,其中冠幅直径对积沙（尘）量的影响最大,决定系数为0.18～0.58（P<0.05,n=30）。⑶三种灌木对土壤有机质、全P、全N和速效P都有不同程度的富集作用,其中对土壤有机质的富集作用更为明显;不同灌木种间,小叶锦鸡儿对土壤有机质和全N的富集作用略大于差巴嘎蒿和黄柳。  相似文献   

格尔木地区沙尘气溶胶硝酸盐含量及来源     

盛阳  杨胜利  韩永翔  郑秋凤  方小敏 《中国沙漠》2016,36(3):792-797

沙尘气溶胶中硝酸盐的含量和来源对于全球氮排放估算具有重要意义。为了探讨格尔木沙尘气溶胶中硝酸盐的含量和来源,我们在格尔木2008年沙尘过程多发期1-6月进行了连续观测,并对收集的沙尘气溶胶样品进行了详细的水溶性离子色谱分析。结果显示:沙尘天气的大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)平均浓度及NO₃^-平均浓度分别为2 015.94 μg·m^-3和1.8 μg·m^-3,非沙尘天气两者平均浓度分别为274.68 μg·m^-3和0.74 μg·m^-3。观测期间,格尔木NO₃^-浓度和TSP浓度存在明显的季节变化,NO₃^-和TSP浓度变化均为春季>夏季>冬季。TSP与NO₃^-浓度的相关系数为0.67,春季两者相关系数为0.71,且Ca²⁺与NO₃^-浓度显著相关,推测格尔木沙尘气溶胶中NO₃^-离子可能主要来源于干旱区的地表物质。非沙尘天气期间NO₃^-/TSP浓度比值高于沙尘天气,且分布较为分散,表明非沙尘天气NO₃^-浓度受到人为源或气象条件的影响。  相似文献   

Experimental study on the unconfined compressive strength of carbon fiber reinforced clay soil     

Lei Gao  Qiuyue Zhou  Xiangjuan Yu  Kexiong Wu  Ali H Mahfouz 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2017,35(1):143-148

To study the effect and mechanism of carbon fiber reinforced clay, a series of unconfined compression tests for clay reinforced with carbon fiber have been performed under the conditions of controlled water content and dry density. The carbon fiber is mixed into soil with the quality percentage of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, and 0.5%, then a certain quality of water was added in the soil to achieve the optimum soil water content. Ten groups of samples were tested by the unconfined compression experiment. The results showed that the incorporation of carbon fiber elements can effectively improve the unconfined compressive strength and brittle failure mode of soil. The soil is strengthened at the beginning and then weakened with the increased incorporation of carbon fiber, the effect is especially significant when the mix percentage becomes 0.1%. The interaction at the interface between carbon fiber surface and soil matrix is analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is found that the enhancement mechanisms of carbon fiber reinforced soil are one-dimensional reinforcement of a single carbon fiber thread and three-dimensional reinforcement caused by fiber network respectively.  相似文献   

CFRP composite retrofitting effect on the dynamic characteristics of arch dams     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of retrofitting dynamic characteristics of a damaged laboratory arch dam model, subsequently repaired with high-strength structural mortar and strengthened with composite carbon fiber reinforced polymer. This study constructed in laboratory conditions is a prototype arch dam–reservoir–foundation model. Five test cases of ambient vibration on the arch dam model illustrate the changes in dynamic characteristics: natural frequency, mode shape, and damping ratio, before and after retrofitting. The ambient vibration tests collected data from the dam body during vibrations by natural excitations which provided small impacts and response signals from sensitivity accelerometers placed at crest points. Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition Method in the frequency domain extracts the experimental dynamic characteristics. At the end of the study, experimentally identified dynamic characteristics obtained from all test cases have been compared with each other. Apparently, after the retrofitting, the natural frequencies of the dam body increased considerably, demonstrating that the retrofitting, including repairing and strengthening is very effective on the flashback of initial dynamic characteristics.  相似文献   

基于光纤光栅技术的海底沉管隧道管段应变研究     

魏纲  苏勤卫  邢建见  丁智 《岩土力学》2015,36(Z2):499-506

采用光纤光栅传感器（FBG）对浙江省某海底沉管隧道工程的管节应变进行监测。对传感器型号选择、安装方案及现场安装情况进行了介绍,对实测数据进行分析,研究了各截面测点实测应变值随时间的变化规律以及潮汐荷载对监测结果的影响。根据修正模型对管段应变进行了理论计算,将应变实测值与理论值进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,管段应变在施工结束一年后基本达到稳定,应变随时间变化规律与管段所处位置和两端接头形式有关;潮汐荷载对管段应变影响在0.8%～12%范围内,且与接头形式相关,当管段两端为柔性接头时应变的变化规律与潮汐水位呈现很强相关性,若为刚性接头则相关性不明显;计算得到的管段应变理论值与实测值较为接近,具有一定可靠性。  相似文献   

兰成渝管道二郎庙滑坡监测研究     

刘福臻  刘建平 《测绘工程》2012,21(4):41-44

介绍二郎庙滑坡监测的方法,重点介绍GPS与光纤传感两种技术结合所进行的滑坡监测,这样既克服了GPS时效性不高的缺点,又弥补了光纤传感测量量程的不足,从而可实现由点到线再到面的滑坡监测,获得滑坡体较完整的应变信息,使滑坡监测既具有连续性又具有实时性。  相似文献