Is there an Insect Signal for the "Little Ice Age"?     

Paul C. Buckland  Pat E. Wagner 《Climatic change》2001,48(1):137-149

The downturn in temperature in the late medieval period is likely to have had significant impact upon insect distribution. Despite the amount of study fossil insect faunas have been afforded, there is presently little convincing evidence of climatic, rather than human impact upon faunas during the "Little Ice Age". This probably reflects as much the paucity of suitable sites, as the overarching scale of habitat destruction by Man.  相似文献   

Late‐glacial and Holocene high‐altitude environmental changes in Vallée des Merveilles (Alpes–Maritimes,France): insect evidence     

Philippe Ponel  Valrie Andrieu‐Ponel  Franck Parchoux  Imola Juhasz  Jacques‐Louis de Beaulieu 《第四纪科学杂志》2001,16(8):795-812

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Testing use of mitochondrial COI sequences for the identification and phylogenetic analysis of New Zealand caddisflies (Trichoptera)     

Ian D. Hogg  Brian J. Smith  Jonathan C. Banks  Jeremy R. Dewaard  Paul D. N. Hebert 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):1137-1146

We tested the hypothesis that cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences would successfully discriminate recognised species of New Zealand caddisflies. We further examined whether phylogenetic analyses, based on the COI locus, could recover currently recognised superfamilies and suborders. COI sequences were obtained from 105 individuals representing 61 species and all 16 families of Trichoptera known from New Zealand. No sequence sharing was observed between members of different species, and congeneric species showed from 2.3 to 19.5% divergence. Sequence divergence among members of a species was typically low (mean = 0.7%; range 0.0–8.5%), but two species showed intraspecific divergences in excess of 2%. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on COI were largely congruent with previous conclusions based on morphology, although the sequence data did not support placement of the purse‐cased caddisflies (Hydroptilidae) within the uncased caddisflies, and, in particular, the Rhyacophiloidea. We conclude that sequence variation in the COI gene locus is an effective tool for the identification of New Zealand caddisfly species, and can provide preliminary phylogenetic inferences. Further research is needed to ascertain the significance of the few instances of high intra‐specific divergence and to determine if any instances of sequence sharing will be detected with larger sample sizes.  相似文献   

Icebergs south‐East of New Zealand in 1967 (note)     

D. E. Gaskin 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):387-389

Sightings of 85 icebergs south‐east of New Zealand in February and March 1967 are reported, with associated sea surface temperatures.  相似文献   

Survey of New Zealand trout hatcheries for whirling disease caused by Myxosoma cerebralis     

G. C. Hewitt 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):463-468

Fourteen hundred trout, mainly Salmo gairdneri, supplied by the four Government and nine Acclimatisation Society hatcheries in New Zealand were examined for the presence of spores of Myxosoma cerebralis (Hofer, 1903) (Protozoa: Myxosporida) in their head cartilage. The only positive result obtained was of a 24% infection rate in fish from the Otago Acclimatisation hatchery at Waitati, near Dunedin, which has since been closed down. Sixty fish were examined from Acclimatisation Societies hatcheries and 200 from Government Hatcheries to give a 95% chance of detecting infections of 5% and 1.5%, respectively, of the fish in these hatcheries. A formula is given for estimating sample sizes on the bases of probable infection rates and the degree of certainty of detection that is required.  相似文献   

Effect of the herbicide triclopyr on the abundance and species composition of benthic aquatic macroinvertebrates in the Ahuriri River,New Zealand     

Richard F. Maloney 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):505-515

Abundance and species composition of aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates were compared between an area sprayed with the herbicide Grazon (active ingredient triclopyr), and an upstream control site (no triclopyr). Five Surber samples were collected from each of three riffles in control and treatment sites on eight occasions over a 1‐month period. Aquatic invertebrate species composition was similar in treatment and control sites, and did not change over time. The five taxa that made up 91–95% of all invertebrates by abundance did not vary significantly in treatment compared to control riffles. Abundance of three of the 15 most common taxa (>10 individuals per riffle) differed significantly between treatment and control sites over time. However, none of these fluctuations correspond to the presence of known concentrations of triclopyr in water samples, and it is unlikely that the declines resulted from triclopyr. These results are discussed with reference to known lethal concentrations of triclopyr for some invertebrates, and to the effect of floods on invertebrate populations.  相似文献   

The influence of physical instream spatial variability on Chironomidae (Diptera) assemblages in Neotropical streams     

《Limnologica》2016

In this study, the Chironomidae assemblages were studied in order to test the following hypotheses: a) mesohabitat type and substrate complexity affect the richness, abundance, and composition of the fauna; b) mesohabitat type is a good predictor for Chironomidae composition. To test the hypotheses, experiments were carried out in two mesohabitats (riffle and pool) using two substrate complexities (high and low) in 12 streams from Central Brazil. The mesohabitat type and substrate complexity did not affect the richness and abundance of the local fauna. The mesohabitat affected the faunistic composition. The assemblages of riffles and pools were distinct. Indicator Species Analysis showed that Paratendipes sp., Polypedilum sp. 2, Pentaneura sp., Rheotanytarsus sp. 1, Corynoneura sp. 2, Cricotopus sp. 2, Lopescladius sp., Nanocladius sp. 2, Parametriocnemus sp., and Thienemanniella sp. had preference for riffles and Chironomus sp., Ablabesmyia sp. 1, Ablabesmyia sp. 2, Djalmabatista sp., Fittkauimyia sp., and Labrundinia sp. for pools. Our results highlight the importance of physical instream variability on fauna structure, suggesting that habitat homogenization due to anthropic action may cause drastic effects on the diversity of chironomids and, probably, other benthic macroinvertebrates. Therefore, maintaining instream morphology, including the different mesohabitats, is fundamental for biodiversity conservation in streams.  相似文献   

西藏那曲地区孔玛盆地第四纪昆虫化石的发现及意义     

邵兆刚  孟宪刚  朱大岗  杨朝斌  雷伟志  王津  韩建恩  余佳  孟庆伟  钱程 《地质通报》2010,29(203):254-258

首次在西藏那曲地区孔玛盆地第四系湖相沉积地层中发现了昆虫化石,对昆虫化石的特征和产出层位进行了描述,昆虫化石经初步鉴定分别属于膜翅目、双翅目和异翅目。采集了该套地层的ESR年代学样品,测试结果表明该套地层的时代为早中更新世。昆虫的分布演化与环境关系密切。这一发现为研究青藏高原第四纪以来的生物进化,湖泊、河流演化,气候变化,古地理、古环境变迁,第四系地层划分等提供了新资料。  相似文献   

Biodegradation of Acetamiprid by Isolated Bacterial Strain Rhodococcus sp. BCH2 and Toxicological Analysis of Its Metabolites in Silkworm (Bombax mori)          下载免费PDF全文

Swapnil S. Phugare  Jyoti P. Jadhav 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2015,43(2):296-304

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AMS dating of insect chitin – A discussion of new dates,problems and potential     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2015

Results from AMS dating applied to insect chitin from a variety of contexts and different preservation conditions and retrieval methods are presented. Secure contexts, which include other dated organic material from different geographic locations ranging from Egypt to Greenland and different chronological periods, from Lateglacial to Medieval, have been used. In addition, insect species with different dietary requirements have been selected for dating purposes in order to provide an understanding as to whether diet plays a role in the chitin dating results. Dates from each context/site are discussed separately in the context of their stratigraphy and/or archaeology. Our research concentrates on the results from pre-treatment methods which require small quantities of chitin as these could be applied in a variety of Quaternary and archaeological contexts. The dates from carbonised and desiccated remains where no chemicals had been involved in storage fell within the range of dates from other organics or the archaeology. Although some of the dates from waterlogged contexts were successful, problems were encountered and these have been linked with long term storage in various alcohols of uncertain provenance. Whilst short term immersion in paraffin (kerosene) and alcohols during processing probably has no impact, it is recommended that chitinous material for dating be stored in acidified distilled water. Our results demonstrate the potential of chitin as a dating medium and provide a basis for its wider application.  相似文献