非对称单侧混合梁斜拉桥多点激励地震响应分析          下载免费PDF全文

许基厚  王学伟  祝兵  康啊真  谢明志 《地震工程学报》2019,41(5):1207-1214

以一座主跨为820 m的双塔非对称单侧混合梁斜拉桥为研究对象,对其进行动力特性分析。运用相对运动法进行多点激励地震响应计算,分析行波效应对塔顶、主梁、塔底等关键位置动力响应的影响,同时对比分析入射角方向（即斜拉桥两侧相对方向）对其动力响应的影响。结果表明：与一致激励分析结果相比,多点激励使得主塔内力结果偏小,而使得主梁内力结果偏大;不同入射角地震激励对非对称大跨度斜拉桥的内力也会产生较大影响,内力变化可达20%。因此,在进行该类型非对称混合梁斜拉桥设计中,应考虑非一致激励效应和地震动输入方向的影响因素。  相似文献   

Hydraulic redistribution and hydrological controls on aspen transpiration and establishment in peatlands following wildfire   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Midori Depante  Matthew Q. Morison  Richard M. Petrone  Kevin J. Devito  Nicholas Kettridge  James M. Waddington 《水文研究》2019,33(21):2714-2728

In the sub‐humid Western Boreal Plains of Alberta, where evapotranspiration often exceeds precipitation, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) uplands often depend on adjacent peatlands for water supply through hydraulic redistribution. Wildfire is common in the Boreal Plains, so the resilience of the transfer of water from peatlands to uplands through roots immediately following wildfire may have implications for aspen succession. The objective of this research was to characterize post‐fire peatland‐upland hydraulic connectivity and assess controls on aspen transpiration (as a measure of stress and productivity) among landscape topographic positions. In May 2011, a wildfire affected 90,000 ha of north central Alberta, including the Utikuma Region Study Area (URSA). Portions of an URSA glacio‐fluval outwash lake catchment were burned, which included forests and a small peatland. Within 1 year after the fire, aspen were found to be growing in both the interior and margins of this peatland. Across recovering land units, transpiration varied along a topographic gradient of upland midslope (0.42 mm hr^?1) > upland hilltop (0.29 mm hr^?1) > margin (0.23 mm hr^?1) > peatland (0.10 mm hr^?1); similar trends were observed with leaf area and stem heights. Although volumetric water content was below field capacity, P. tremuloides were sustained through roots present, likely before fire, in peatland margins through hydraulic redistribution. Evidence for this was observed through the analysis of oxygen (δ¹⁸O) and hydrogen (δ²H) isotopes where upland xylem and peat core signatures were ?10.0‰ and ?117.8‰ and ?9.2‰ and ?114.0‰, respectively. This research highlights the potential importance of hydraulic redistribution to forest sustainability and recovery, in which the continued delivery of water may result in the encroachment of aspen into peatlands. As such, we suggest that through altering ecosystem services, peatland margins following fire may be at risk to aspen colonization during succession.  相似文献   

A comparative study of the hopanoid hydrocarbons in sediments of two lakes (Fuxian and Changdang) with contrasting environments     

《Limnologica》2019

Biologically configured ββ-hopanes, geologically configured αβ-hopanes and the biogenic hopenes were determined in dated sediment cores from Lake Fuxian in SW China and Lake Changdang in Eastern China in order to investigate anthropogenic influences on the abundance, composition and provenance of hopanoid hydrocarbons in lake sediments. Based on the results, hopenes were prevalent, with maximum values reaching 148.9 μg g⁻¹ TOC in sediments of Lake Fuxian, an oligotrophic deep lake (average depth 89.6 m), where the long water column provided ample potential for the growth of hopene-producing bacteria especially the cyanobacteria. Sediment hopenes have diminished in abundance to values of 13.4–78.5 μg g⁻¹ TOC in Lake Changdang, a eutrophic shallow (average 0.8–1.2 m) body, reflecting comparatively reduced importance of nutrient level on hopene production. Historical trends in hopenes input to the sediments of each lake are strongly dependent on nutrient status. During the last few decades, human-induced eutrophication has greatly boosted bacterial production, enhancing the accumulation of hopenes in sediments. Inputs of petroleum-derived αβ-hopanes were exceptionally high (average 71.2 μg g⁻¹ TOC) in post-1968 sediments from Lake Changdang, their increase coinciding with the advent and acceleration of petroleum product use around the lake, in particular by fishing boats. Lake Fuxian on the other hand, has undergone slower economic development and the appearance of petroleum-derived αβ-hopanes in sediments was delayed to 1990 since when the average value has been 27.1 μg g⁻¹ TOC. The abundance of αβ-hopanes in Lake Changdang has created a marked decrease in the relative contribution of hopenes to total hopanoids since 1968. Conversely, the amounts of αβ-hopanes introduced to Lake Fuxian since 1990 has yet to yield a clear change in the overall proportion of hopenes, but the abundance of ββ-hopanes has declined relative to total hopanoid levels for the period.  相似文献   

近场地震下竖向刚度不同的混合结构动力性能分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

马肖彤  包超  张立新  徐芳泽  陆华 《地震工程学报》2019,41(4):860-865

近场地震的动力特性明显不同于远场地震,因此有必要对结构在近场地震作用下的动力性能展开研究。以上部钢结构-下部混凝土结构这类竖向刚度不同的加层混合结构为研究对象,对其在近场脉冲型地震、近场无脉冲型地震及远场地震作用下的动力响应进行研究。结果表明:在多遇、设防、罕遇地震作用下,近场脉冲型地震会使结构的层间位移角、层间剪力、加速度等动力响应均放大并出现超限的情况,而且都比罕遇地震作用下结构的响应增大更明显;在进行近场区加层混合框架结构的设计和建设时,近场脉冲效应会使结构存在不满足规范的情况,有必要对竖向刚度不同的加层混合结构在近场区的适用性进行深入研究。  相似文献   

考虑支座滑移及挡块破坏的中小跨径梁桥地震易损性研究     

宋帅  王帅  吴刚 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(4):781-789

从板式橡胶支座及混凝土挡块抗震设计角度,以一座典型的3跨预应力混凝土连续梁桥为例,结合概率地震需求分析及桥墩、支座等抗震关键构件极限破坏状态,建立不同支座及挡块分析模型的中小跨径梁桥地震易损性曲线,研究考虑支座滑移效应及挡块破坏的中小跨径梁桥的易损性特征。研究结果表明:不考虑橡胶支座的滑移效应及混凝土挡块破坏,桥墩地震破坏概率明显增大,且会低估支座破坏概率;桥梁系统易损性受支座破坏状态的影响显著,需设置合理的限位装置;在中小跨径梁桥地震易损性分析中,考虑支座的滑移效应及混凝土挡块的破坏十分必要。  相似文献   

Equilibrium thallium isotope fractionation and its constraint on Earth’s late veneer     

Tong Fang  Yun Liu 《Acta Geochimica》2019,(4):459-471

Equilibrium isotope fractionation of thallium(Tl) includes the traditional mass-dependent isotope fractionation effect and the nuclear volume effect(NVE). The NVE dominates the overall isotope fractionation, especially at high temperatures. Heavy Tl isotopes tend to be enriched in oxidized Tl^3+-bearing species. Our NVE fractionation results of oxidizing Tl^+ to Tl^3+ can explain the positive enrichments observed in ferromanganese sediments. Experimental results indicate that there could be0.2–0.3 e-unit fractionation between sulfides and silicates at 1650 ℃. It is consistent with our calculation results,which are in the range of 0.17–0.38 e-unit. Importantly,Tl’s concentration in the bulk silicate Earth(BSE) can be used to constrain the amount of materials delivered to Earth during the late veneer accretion stage. Because the Tl concentration in BSE is very low and its Tl isotope composition is similar with that of chondrites, suggesting either no Tl isotope fractionation occurred during numerous evaporation events, or the Tl in current BSE was totally delivered by late veneer. If it is the latter, the Tl-contentbased estimation could challenge the magnitude of late veneer which had been constrained by the amount of highly siderophile elements in BSE. Our results show that the lateaccreted mass is at least five-times larger than the previously suggested magnitude, i.e., 0.5 wt% of current Earth’s mass. The slightly lighter 205 Tl composition of BSE relative to chondrites is probable a sign of occurrence of Tlbearing sulfides, which probably were removed from the mantle in the last accretion stage of the Earth.  相似文献   

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE PROCESS OF INTERGRANULAR PRESSURE SOLUTION OF PLAGIOCLASE GOUGE UNDER HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE: METHOD AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Shu  HE Chang-rong 《地震地质》2019,41(4):1012-1026

To understand the mechanism of lower-crust earthquake and slow slips, it is necessary to study the frictional properties of mafic rocks and their major rock-forming minerals. Previous studies have performed a series of experimental researches on gabbro, basalt and their major constituents. According to the results of previous experiments, frictional sliding of plagioclase under hydrothermal conditions(100~600℃)shows a property of velocity weakening, and the experimental results show that both the direct rate effect parameter(a)and the healing effect parameter(b)increase with temperature, a typical feature for thermally-activated processes. Velocity weakening means property of a shear band that has a stronger friction healing effect than the direct rate effect in the rate and state friction constitutive framework, and the healing effect(b value)in constitutive relation mainly reflects the increase in contact area with time under hydrothermal conditions, with some minor effect of structural changes. Since the microphysical mechanism of feldspar minerals at the contacts is mainly brittle cataclasis for temperatures below 600℃, the significant frictional healing effect in this case can only be explained by the mechanism of pressure solution. In order to determine if the dissolution process of plagioclase actually occurs on the laboratory time scale, we conducted hydrostatic experiments on plagioclase powder samples under hydrothermal conditions whereby frequent contact switch between particles seen in frictional sliding experiments can be avoided, making the observation on the dissolution sites possible. Experimental temperatures were 400℃ and 500℃, with confining pressure of 90~150MPa, pore pressure of 30MPa, with 2mm initial thickness of fault gouge. The mechanical data show that a creep process occurred in the plagioclase fault gouge in the experimental temperature and pressure range; and the microstructures of the experiment show that precipitation of new grains is prevalent as the product of pressure solution process between plagioclase particles. At the same time, it is observed that the contact points have an appearance similar to fused, fuzzy structure as signatures of dissolution. The results of our experiments provide a definite experimental evidence for the healing mechanism in friction of plagioclase and for the theoretical relation between unstable slip and the pressure solution process. The results of the experiments are summarized as follows: (1)Drainage rate of pore water in plagioclase gouge was high in the first few hours of experiment, but gradually decreases over time for both temperature and pressure series of experiments slowing down to a steady state. This feature indicates that there is a creep process that evolves inside the plagioclase gouge. In the temperature-series experiments, the drainage rate of the pore water in the plagioclase gouge at 400℃ is relatively low than the cases for higher temperatures. Thus, the applied temperature is positively correlated with the creep of plagioclase gouge. (2)Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observations of the experimentally deformed samples were performed on thin sections cut along the sample axis. Firstly, from the images of microstructure, it was found that the degree of particle fracture became more significant at a higher effective pressure, with smaller pore volume between particles. In the temperature-series experiments it was found that the degree of compaction of plagioclase gouge increased with increasing temperature. Precipitation of plagioclase grains in layered structures was generally observed in high-magnification images, indicating the presence of pressure solution processes. Contact points were also found to be in a state of ambiguity that seems to be a fused morphology, but the details of the structure remain to be determined by further observations. The above results indicate that the pressure solution process of plagioclase particles can occur on a typical laboratory time scale, and the results of this study provide robust experimental evidences for the theory that links between pressure solution and the mechanism of frictional healing and unstable slips for plagioclase.  相似文献   

应变率效应对600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能影响研究          下载免费PDF全文

孙传智  李爱群  缪长青  乔燕  左工 《世界地震工程》2019,35(2):165-170

为了更真实地进行钢筋混凝土结构抗震性能评估,应该考虑材料的应变率效应影响。600 MPa级高强钢筋作为新一代建筑钢材,尚无考虑应变率效应影响的600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能研究。首先进行了不同应变率下600 MPa级高强钢筋拉伸力学性能试验,利用试验数据拟合得到600 MPa级高强钢筋在不同应变率下的强度提高系数表达式,并利用OpenSees软件进行了配置600 MPa级高强钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震性能模拟分析,研究了应变率效应对框架结构抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着应变率的增大,钢筋的屈服强度和极限强度均得到提高,屈服强度最大提高11.5%,极限强度最大提高8.9%;随着所考虑的材料应变率增加,配置600 MPa级高强钢筋框架结构最大顶点位移总体上呈减小趋势,地震波强度越强,应变率效应影响越大,而层间位移角减小幅值相差不大。研究成果可作为600MPa级高强钢筋混凝土框架结构抗震评估的依据。  相似文献   

纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒的湖泊沉积物-水界面增氧效果实验研究     

余萍萍  王敬富  陈敬安  张耀  陈权  卢耀庭 《湖泊科学》2019,31(1):65-71

季节性缺氧导致夏季沉积物内源磷强烈释放,加剧水体富营养化,是我国西南地区深水湖泊（水库）面临的重要挑战.有效增加夏季缺氧期深水沉积物-水界面的含氧量,是减少内源磷释放的关键.现有的深水增氧技术由于缺乏对沉积物-水界面增氧的针对性,因此治理效果有限.近年来,纳米气泡已被证实具有的稳定性好、氧传质速率高和环境风险低等优点,为新型深水增氧技术研发提供了巨大潜力.本文以天然矿物材料白云母、绢云母、硅藻土和沸石为基底,负载纳米气泡,研发纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒技术,开展湖泊沉积物-水界面增氧模拟实验研究,运用平面光电极技术评估其界面增氧效果.结果表明,纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒对沉积物-水界面具有比较明显的增氧效果.其中,改性白云母、绢云母和沸石的界面持续增氧时间可达7天以上,增氧后的界面最大溶解氧（DO）浓度达4.40 mg/L,而改性硅藻土不具有增氧能力.其次,矿物粒度对改性颗粒的增氧效果有一定影响：粒度越细,界面的最大增氧浓度越高,且持续增氧时间越长.纳米气泡改性矿物颗粒技术有望成为夏季缺氧期深水沉积物-水界面精准增氧和内源污染控制的有效技术手段.  相似文献   

地下点坝砂体内部构型分析--以孤岛油田为例   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

何文祥  吴胜和  唐义疆  束青林  张本华 《矿物岩石》2005,25(2):81-86

用Miall层次界面分析法对孤岛油田52井组馆陶组Ng4^4砂层点坝砂体内部3,4级界面进行详细研究,并与Miall的6级层次界面相对应,定义4级界面为单一河道的顶底界面,构型要素为单一的点坝砂体;3级界面为点坝内部侧积体分界面,实际上是点坝砂体的侧积面,其限定的构型要素为点坝侧积体。还对单井进行了泥质界面划分及成因砂体分析,建立了点坝成因砂体单井模型,根据研究区开发动态特征,推论点坝砂体内部存在倾斜的泥质侧积层,并借助储层地质学基本理论,对侧积体规模、倾角进行了限定。在上述研究基础上建立了点坝侧积体的三维地质模型,数值模拟结果研究表明,点坝侧积层对剩余油分布具明显控制作用。  相似文献