Second-order random interfacial wave solutions for two-layer fluid with a free surface     

SONG Jinbao  SUN Qun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(1):15-20

1 Introduction Interfacial waves travelling along the interface between two fluids of different densities can be often observed in subsurface layers of the ocean since the upper subsurface layer is warmer over much of the o- cean (Umeyama, 2002). They are…  相似文献   

海洋中液-固界面作用的分形研究Ⅰ.SAXS法测量固体交换剂的分维     

张正斌  管清录  郭国霖  刘莲生  王超英 《海洋与湖沼》1992,23(2):138-143

本文将分形作为一个新概念,应用到海洋化学的液-固界面作用的一系列的研究上。根据用SAXS法测定一些常见的粘土矿物(高岭石,蒙脱石)和水合氧化物(水锰矿、δ-MnO_2、氧化铁凝胶、针铁矿、无定形氧化铁)的分维结果,可将这些结果划分成三类:(1)小尺度模量下具有表面分形;大尺度模量下具有质量分形。(2)只有一种分维值的表面分形。(3)在小尺度模量下和大尺度模量下分别具有不同分维值的表面分形。  相似文献   

Theoretical aspects of cap-rock and fault seals for single- and two-phase hydrocarbon columns   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

N.L. Watts   《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1987,4(4)

Cap-rock seals can be divided genetically into those that fail by capillary leakage (membrane seals) and those whose capillary entry pressures are so high that seal failure preferentially occurs by fracturing and/or wedging open of faults (hydraulic seals). A given membrane seal can trap a larger oil column than gas column at shallow depths, but below a critical depth (interval), gas is more easily sealed than oil. This critical depth increases with lower API gravity, lower oil GOR and overpressured conditions (for the gas phase). These observations arise from a series of modelling studies of membrane sealing and can be conveniently represented using pressure/ depth (P/D) profiles through sealed hydrocarbon columns. P/D diagrams have been applied to the more complex situation of the membrane sealing of a gas cap underlain by an oil rim; at seal capacity, such a two-phase column will be always greater than if only oil or gas occurs below the seal.These conclusions contrast with those for hydraulic seals where the seal capacity to oil always exceeds that for gas. Moreover, a trapped two-phase column, at hydraulic seal capacity will be less than the maximum-allowed oil-only column, but more than the maximum gas-only column. Unlike membrane seals, hydraulic seal capacity should be directly related to cap-rock thickness, in addition to the magnitude of the minimum effective stress in the sealing layer and the degree of overpressure development in the sequence as a whole.Fault-related seals are effectively analogous to membrane cap-rocks which have been tilted to the angle of the fault plane. Consequently, all of the above conclusions derived for membrane cap-rocks apply to both sealing faults sensu stricto (fault plane itself seals) and juxtaposition faults (hydrocarbon trapped laterally against a juxtaposed sealing unit). The maximum-allowed two-phase column trapped by a sealing fault is greater than for equivalent oil-only and gas-only columns, but less than that predicted for a horizontal membrane cap-rock under similar conditions. Where a two-phase column is present on both sides of a sealing fault (which is at two-phase seal capacity), a deeper oil/water contact (OWC) in one fault block is associated with a deeper gas/oil contact (GOC) compared with the adjacent fault block. If the fault seal is discontinuous in the gas leg, however, the deeper OWC is accompanied by a shallower GOC, whereas a break in the fault seal in the oil leg results in a common OWC in both fault blocks, even though separate GOC's exist. Schematic P/D profiles are provided for each of the above situations from which a series of fundamental equations governing single- and two-phase cap-rock and fault seal capacities can be derived. These relationships may have significant implications for exploration prospect appraisal exercises where more meaningful estimates of differential seal capacities can be made.The membrane sealing theory developed herein assumes that all reservoirs and seals are water-wet and no hydrodynamic flow exists. The conclusions on membrane seal capacity place constraints on the migration efficiency of gas along low-permeabiligy paths at depth where fracturing, wedging open of faults and/or diffusion process may be more important. Contrary to previous assertions, it is speculated that leakage of hydrocarbons through membrane seals occurs in distinct pulses such that the seal is at or near the theoretically calculated seal capacity, once this has been initially attained.Finally, the developed seal theory and P/D profile concepts are applied to a series of development geological problems including the effects of differential depletion, and degree of aquifer support, on sealing fault leakage, and the evaluation of barriers to vertical cross-flow using RFT profiles through depleted reservoirs. It is shown that imbibition processes and dynamic effects related to active cross-flow across such barriers often preclude quantitative analysis and solution of these problems for which simulation studies are usually required.  相似文献   

The mass accommodation coefficient of ammonia on water     

A. Bongartz  S. Schweighoefer  C. Roose  U. Schurath 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1995,20(1):35-58

The mass accommodation coefficient of ammonia gas on water has been determined by measuring the absorption rate of 50–200 ppm NH₃ in one atm of air or helium into a liquid jet of 97 µm diameter as function of the exposed jet length, and comparing the results with numerical simulations which treat as the only free parameter. The model considers in detail transport of NH₃ by molecular diffusion, penetration of the gas/water interface, hydrolysis in the acidified water, and transport of the solutes from the surface into the jet. A correction is applied for the time evolution of the jet surface speed, using literature data on the fluid mechanics of liquid jets. The result of nine sets of independent measurements is

相似文献    5. 米山断裂构造变形特征及其意义          下载免费PDF全文 许顺山  吕古贤  鲁安怀 《地质找矿论丛》1997,12(3):49-57 米山断裂是一多期变形断裂，早期以韧性变形为主，后期以脆性变形为主，断裂变形具有准对称性，西盘变形强度大于东盘。变形强度决定了断裂带的蚀变及矿化特点，蚀变的分带结构与断裂的不同矿化特征都与断裂的变形有关，因此米山断裂的生成与发展，对胶东东部的成岩成矿具有重要作用，它控制了燕山早期花岗岩的侵入，韧性变形作用是金矿成矿的必要条件。  相似文献    6. Cr^3＋在改善三元复合驱中的作用实验研究      任艳滨  卢祥国  赵兰兰  张运来 《海洋地质译丛》2008,(4):50-54 在三元复合驱矿场应用实践中,由于三元复合体系自身流度控制能力的局限性,必须通过聚合物凝胶前置段塞来改善吸液剖面,这就涉及到聚合物凝胶与三元复合体系的配伍性。通过向三元复合体系中加入有机铬,考察Cr^3＋对三元复合体系黏度、界面张力和阻力系数等性能影响,进而对Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶与三元复合体系配伍性以及Cr^3＋在改善三元复合体系性能方面的作用做出评价。结果表明,Cr^3＋的加入对三元复合体系黏度和界面张力影响不大,但阻力系数和残余阻力系数却明显增加。当采用Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶作为前置段塞或采用添加Cr^3＋的三元复合体系进行复合驱油实验时,其采收率增加幅度都要高于普通三元复合驱。这不仅显示出Cr^3＋聚合物凝胶与三元复合体系间良好的配伍性,而且为改善三元复合驱增油效果提供了新的途径。  相似文献    7. A laboratory study on capillary sealing efficiency of Iranian shale and anhydrite caprocks      《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2015 Caprock has the most important role in the long term safety of formation gas storage. The caprocks trap fluid accumulated beneath, contribute to lateral migration of this fluid and impede its upward migration. The rapid upward passage of invasive plumes due to buoyancy pressure is prevented by capillary pressure within these seal rocks. In the present study, two main seal rocks, from the Zagros basin in the southwest of Iran, a shale core sample of Asmari formation and an anhydrite core sample of Gachsaran formation, were provided. Absolute permeabilities of shale and anhydrite cores, considering the Klinkenberg effect, were measured as 6.09 × 10−18 and 0.89 × 10−18 m2, respectively. Capillary sealing efficiency of the cores was investigated using gas breakthrough experiments. To do so, two distinct techniques including step by step and residual capillary pressure approaches were performed, using carbon dioxide, nitrogen and methane gases at temperatures of 70 and 90 °C, under confining pressures in the range 24.13–37.92 MPa. In the first technique, it was found that capillary breakthrough pressure of the cores varies in the range from 2.76 to 34.34 MPa. Moreover, the measurements indicated that after capillary breakthrough, gas effective permeabilities lie in range 1.85 × 10−21 – 1.66 × 10−19 m2. In the second technique, the minimum capillary displacement pressure of shale varied from 0.66 to 1.45 MPa with the maximum effective permeability around 7.76 × 10−21 – 6.69 × 10−20 m2. The results indicate that anhydrite caprock of the Gachsaran formation provides proper capillary sealing efficacy, suitable for long term storage of the injected CO2 plumes, due to its higher capillary breakthrough pressure and lower gas effective permeability.  相似文献    8. STUDY ON THE ISOTHERMS OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN SUSPENDED PARTICLES AND Cu (   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4   Li Gai-zhi  Guo Bo-shu  Liu Ying  Hong Xia  Li Jing-feng  Li Bei-gang 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2000,18(2):178-182 The isotherms of the interaction between the suspended particles and Cu2+, and the effects of lysine and asparaginic acid on the isotherms in the Huanghe (Yellow) River were studied by applying the theory and method of interfacial stepwise ion/coordination particle exchange. We obtained a new stepped river isotherm, formed by two curves joined together with a “plateau” in the middle. The adsorption equilibrium constantsK 1 andK 2 were calculated by using the isothermal equation of surface stepwise ion exchange. Amino acid in small amount promotes exchange adsorption of the suspended particles with Cu2+. The degree of promotive action relates to the isoelectric point of amino acid. The promotive effect of lysine is bigger than that of asparaginic acid. Project 29361001 supported by NSFC.  相似文献    9. 水/离子液体界面聚合法制备聚苯胺微/纳米纤维   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1   张志明  王立群  于良民  魏长峰  李霞 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,38(5) 没有外加质子酸的条件下,以过硫酸铵作氧化剂,水和离子液体作为两相,采用"界面聚合法"成功制备出导电聚苯胺纳米纤维(d=100～190 nm),界面体系所使用的溶剂都为绿色溶剂,对环境无污染,实现了对传统界面聚合的改进.发现[APS]/[An]的比例,去离子水的加入以及搅拌时间对产物的形貌有重要影响.通过FTIR,UV-Vis,XRD进行了结构表征,证实所得的聚苯胺纳米纤维为掺杂态.  相似文献    10. 基于小波函数的锚杆拉拔全过程分析      陈建功  陈晓东 《岩土力学》2019,40(12):4590-4596 基于小波函数伸缩平移的特性,建立了能反映锚杆界面黏结?软化?滑动力学特性的剪应力?位移非线性本构模型,克服了三折线软化界面模型需要分段分析的复杂性。结合锚固体荷载传递的力学微分方程,推导了锚杆拉拔荷载?位移曲线的解析表达式,并提出了锚固体位移、轴力、周边剪应力的数值计算方法和步骤。通过算例分析,得到不同张拉位移作用下的锚固段位移、轴力和剪应力分布,获得的锚杆拉拔荷载?位移和锚杆轴向力分布计算值与实测值进行了对比分析,验证了该方法的有效性。该方法能准确地反映锚杆在不同荷载下的传力机制,模拟锚杆从弹性工作状态到塑性滑移的全过程。最后,通过参数分析,得到了锚杆锚固长度、轴向刚度以及锚固界面本构参数对锚固效果的影响规律。  相似文献    1 [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] 下一页 » 末  页»