真三维状态下土体强度及变形分叉影响     

吕玺琳  黄茂松  钱建固 《岩土力学》2011,32(1):21-26

通过引入应力Lode角建立合理的角隅函数描述偏平面形状,对三维Mohr-Coulmb强度准则进行修正,使之能合理反映中主应力比对土体峰值内摩擦角的影响。修正后的准则在偏平面上的强度线与Lade-Duncan准则相似,但更具灵活性,预测结果更符合松砂真三轴试验结果。由于土体在加载过程中常发生应变局部化现象,导致其强度得不到充分发挥。基于非共轴塑性模型的分叉分析研究了应变局部化发生对土体强度发挥的影响,通过与密砂真三轴试验结果对比表明,分叉强度能合理反映在不同中主应力比条件下应变局部化发生对土体强度的降低作用。  相似文献   

基于NDIS-HOOK技术的个人防火墙的研究与实现   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

高泽胜  陶宏才 《成都信息工程学院学报》2004,19(3):327-331

介绍了NDIS系统结构以及在Windows 2000/NT下NDIS-HOOK的原理,并给出了一个基于NDIS-HOOK技术的个人防火墙驱动程序--Packet.sys.利用该驱动程序,可方便地实现基于Windows的个人防火墙.  相似文献   

Interest in intermediate soft-classified maps in land change model validation: suitability versus transition potential     

M. T. Camacho Olmedo  M. Paegelow  J. F. Mas 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(12):2343-2361

This study compares two types of intermediate soft-classified maps. The first type uses land use/cover suitability maps based on a multi-criteria evaluation (MCE). The second type focuses on the transition potential between land use/cover categories based on a multi-layer perceptron (MLP). The concepts and methodological approaches are illustrated in a comparable manner using a Corine data set from the Murcia region (2300 km², Spain) in combination with maps of drivers that were created with two stochastic, discretely operating, commonly used tools (MCE in CA_MARKOV and MLP in Land Change Modeler). The importance of the different approaches and techniques for the obtained results is illustrated by comparing the specific characteristics of both approaches by validating the suitability versus transition potential maps to each other using a Spearman correlation matrix and, between the Corine maps, using classical ROC (receiver operating characteristic) statistics. Then, we propose a new use of ROC statistics to compare these intermediate soft-classified maps with their respective hard-classified maps of the models for each category. The validation of these results can be beneficial in choosing a suitable model and provide a better understanding of the implications of the different modeling steps and the advantages and limitations of the modeling tools.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地西北缘与南天山早-中二叠世盆山耦合特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

罗金海  车自成  张国锋  年秀清  张小莉 《岩石学报》2012,28(8):2506-2514

通过对塔里木盆地西北缘及相邻南天山造山带的早-中二叠世岩相古地理、构造和岩浆作用的分析表明,塔里木盆地西北缘在早-中二叠世由于地幔柱作用而导致玄武质岩浆活动,南天山造山带内部则发育几乎同时代的碰撞后花岗岩.盆山结合部位早-中二叠世的沉积中心处于不断沉降的状态,而且沉积中心逐渐向塔里木地块之上迁移.南天山在早-中二叠世碰撞后伸展背景下的隆升作用导致塔里木岩石圈向南天山之下发生陆内俯冲作用,在山前形成类似周缘前陆盆地的构造环境,山前沉积中心相当于周缘前陆盆地系统的前渊相带.塔里木盆地内部早二叠世的地幔柱活动与南天山的碰撞后伸展作用没有明显的相关关系,但是南天山在早-中二叠世的碰撞后伸展作用则与塔里木盆地西北缘的沉积-构造作用具有良好耦合关系.  相似文献   

Underplating and assimilation–fractional crystallization of Mesozoic intrusions in the Tongling area,Anhui Province,East China: evidence from xenoliths and host plutons     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(6):542-555

This paper presents new petrographic observations and geochemical and microprobe analyses for the Laomiaojishan, Xiaotongguanshan, and Tianebaodanshan intrusions in the Tongguanshan mineral district, East China. The plutons vary in composition from quartz monzonitic diorite to pyroxene monzonitic diorite, and contain gabbroic to dioritic xenoliths. The Xiaotongguanshan intrusion yields a SHRIMP zircon U–Pb age of 139.5±2.9 Ma, indicating Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous magmatism in the Lower Yangtze River Valley. Relative to host rocks, the gabbro and diorite xenoliths are low in SiO₂ (52.03–54.61 wt‐%), Al₂O₃ (12.87–14.43 wt‐%), and total alkalis (Na₂O+K₂O; 5.26–6.30 wt‐%), but high in MgO (5.41–11.66 wt‐%); the host rocks have high SiO₂ (59.97–64.44 wt‐%), Al₂O₃ (16.43–17.59 wt‐%), and total alkalis (6.67–8.25 wt‐%), but are low in MgO (1.52–2.50 wt‐%). Concentrations of rare earth elements (REEs) in the xenoliths (165.70–190.40 ppm) are similar to those in the host rocks (166.12–185.95 ppm), although the ratio of light REEs to heavy REEs in the xenoliths (3.39–4.27) is lower than that in the host plutons (4.86–5.94). All of the analysed rocks show similar REE patterns, although the xenoliths display marked positive Eu anomalies and the host rocks show slightly negative Eu anomalies. Values of epsilon Nd (t) ranges from ?4.9 to ?9.9 in the gabbro xenoliths and from ?11.4 to ?11.9 in the host intrusives. Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios are 0.7064–0.7073 in the xenoliths and 0.7072–0.7084 in the quartz monzonitic diorite host rocks. Crystallization temperatures of hornblende and plagioclase in the gabbro xenoliths, diorite xenoliths, and host rocks are 816, 773–790, and 664–725°C, respectively, based on an amphibole–plagioclase geothermometer. The pressures recorded by these phases indicate that they formed at depths of 26, 12–15, and 3–4 km, respectively, based on an aluminum‐in‐hornblende geobarometer. The petrological and geochemical features of the analysed intrusions and xenoliths are consistent with their derivation from basic to intermediate‐acidic magmas that possibly formed via a series of complex interactions between underplated, mantle‐derived basaltic magma and varying amounts of middle‐ to lower‐crustal material, followed by assimilation–fractional crystallization.  相似文献   

Cryogenian magmatism and crustal reworking in the Southern Granulite Terrane,India     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(2):112-133

Understanding Neoproterozoic crustal evolution is fundamental to reconstructing the Gondwana supercontinent, which was assembled at this time. Here we report evidence of Cryogenian crustal reworking in the Madurai Block of the Southern Granulite Terrane of India. The study focuses on a garnet-bearing granite–charnockite suite, where the granite shows in situ dehydration into patches and veins of incipient charnockite along the contact with charnockite. The granite also carries dismembered layers of Mg–Al-rich granulite. Micro-textural evidence for dehydration of granite in the presence of CO₂-rich fluids includes the formation of orthopyroxene by the breakdown of biotite, neoblastic zircon growth in the dehydration zone, at around 870°C and 8 kbar. The zircon U–Pb ages suggest formation of the granite, charnockite, and incipient charnockite at 836 ± 73, 831 ± 31, and 772 ± 49 Ma, respectively. Negative zircon εHf (t) (?5 to ?20) values suggest that these rocks were derived from a reworked Palaeoproterozoic crustal source. Zircon grains in the Mg–Al-rich granulite record a spectrum of ages from ca. 2300 to ca. 500 Ma, suggesting multiple provenances ranging from Palaeoproterozoic to mid-Neoproterozoic, with neoblastic zircon growth during high-temperature metamorphism in the Cambrian. We propose that the garnet-bearing granite and charnockite reflect the crustal reworking of aluminous crustal material indicated by the presence of biotite + quartz + aluminosilicate inclusions in the garnet within the granite. This crustal source can be the Mg–Al-rich layers carried by the granite itself, which later experienced high-temperature regional metamorphism at ca. 550 Ma. Our model also envisages that the CO₂ which dehydrated the garnet-bearing granite generating incipient charnockite was sourced from the proximal massive charnockite through advection. These Cryogenian crustal reworking events are related to prolonged tectonic activities prior to the final assembly of the Gondwana supercontinent.  相似文献   

Petrogenesis and geological significance of charnockite in the Yinshan Block of North China Craton     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(7):895-913

ABSTRACT

A comparative study was performed on the petrography, geochemistry and geochronology of charnockite and granulite in the Xiwulanbulang (XWLBL) area, northern margin of the North China Craton, NW China. Inclusions within garnet in the charnockite are used to identify the mineral assemblage in the granulite during peak metamorphism. The formation of charnockite is attributed to the anatectic of the protolith, as a result of granulite-facies metamorphism during the same tectono-thermal event. Anatexis occurred mainly during the post-peak isothermal depressurization stage (granulite and charnockite yield peak P–T conditions of 800–850°C and 1.0–1.2 GPa, and 750°C and 0.9–1.0 GPa, respectively), as inferred from the metamorphic evolution and P–T conditions derived from analyses of metamorphic minerals by electron microprobe (EMP). The garnets in the charnockite were a residual or peritectic mineral facies during anatexis, and the charnockite was the product of crystallization from melt with abundant residual minerals. Charnockite has similar geochemical characteristics to felsic granulite, although it differs in having 1) an uneven distribution of major and trace elements; 2) strong depletions in the large-ion lithophile element Cs, the heat-producing elements U and Th, and the high-field-strength elements Nb, Ta, P and Ti; and 3) both Eu-enriched and Eu-depleted patterns that are characteristic of granite formed by largely in situ anatectic. The geochemical data indicate that the XWLBL charnockite formed in a subduction-related volcanic arc setting. On the basis of our results, combined with geological data on the Neoarchean structural evolution of the Yinshan Block and εHf(t) values of 1.60–7.81, we propose that the anatectic of charnockite was related to slab break-off during mid-ocean-ridge subduction, which resulted in the ascent of mantle magma through the slab window.  相似文献   

鲜水河断裂带跨断层形变中短期强震预测指标研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

苏琴  杨永林  王兰  向和平 《四川地震》2012,(4):10-17

通过对鲜水河断裂带跨断层短水准、短基线资料的分析研究,系统地提取测区内外5.5级以上地震前跨断层形变前兆异常特征,并作详细的整理、分析,综合得出监测区及附近中短期强震预测指标及预报方法。其结果显示:跨断层形变观测资料大多在震前1～3年出现异常,其异常表现形式以断层活动停滞、反向、突跳为主,震前半年左右异常发育至最高,临震前有明显回落,其前兆意义较为明确;水平形变测量的预测成功率高于垂直形变测量。  相似文献   

Southern Ocean biogeochemical impact on the tropical ocean: Stable isotope records from the Pacific for the past 25,000 years     

Paul Loubere  Samantha Bennett 《Global and Planetary Change》2008,63(4):333-340

Modeling of oceanic nutrient fields indicates that the Southern Ocean may have a strong impact on the chemistry of the thermocline waters which upwell in the eastern tropical oceans and feed biological productivity there. The subantarctic is a primary source of equatorial undercurrent (EUC) waters. The Southern Ocean to equator connection has been shown through modeling to have a potential influence on atmospheric carbon dioxide content via an increase in the efficiency of the tropical biotic pump (silica leakage hypothesis). On the glacial–interglacial timescale the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) has a thermocline (EUC) carbon isotope record which is consistent with that idea and a stronger ice age biologic drawdown in the subantarctic. This carbon isotope record features glacial values more positive than those of the Holocene, which is the reverse of what is seen in the non-equatorial, stratified, ocean. We report planktonic carbon isotope records from the Pacific subantarctic in an effort to trace the unique EEP carbon isotope signature to its source. Our results are compatible with the subantarctic as a source of the tropical carbon isotope signature. Analysis of the glacial to Holocene isotopic pattern in terms of causative process indicates that an increased glacial subantarctic biotic pump accounts best for our observations. This supports the hypothesis of Southern Ocean drive on tropical biological production, and potential impact on the global carbon cycle.  相似文献   

The westward intrusion of south Pacific water at the western tip of the New Guinea Island     

KIM Eung  JEON Dongchull  Hadikusumah 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(1):24-31

From the eastern Indonesian cruise from November 14 to 23, 2007, CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth profiler) /ADCP (acoustic Doppler current profiler)casting and seawater sampling were done at 25 stations around Waigeo Island near New Guinea Island. It was found overall westward intrusion of the south Pacific waters into the Seram Sea and southward spreading of the north and south Pacific waters into the Seram Sea. There is westward residual flow along the channel between Waigeo and New Guinea within upper 200 m with the maximum speed up to 50 cm/s, and much weaker eastward flow in the lower layer (< 10 cm/s) due to blocking by the shallow sill at the west of the Dampier Strait. The abrupt change of bottom topography induces active horizontal and vertical mixing which results in a three-layered current system with a major through-flow of -0.99 Sv (Sv = 10 6 m 3 /s) into the Seram Sea; the transports in the upper and the lower layers are -1.14 Sv and -0.24 Sv (westward), respectively, and in the middle there is a return flow with the transport of +0.39 Sv (eastward).  相似文献