新疆及邻区体波震级初步分析研究     

冉慧敏  李文倩  上官文明 《中国地震》2022,38(1):91-101

依据《地震震级的规定（GB 17740—2017）》,分析了2009—2017年新疆地震台网所记录的新疆及邻区476次中深源地震事件,测定了13601个m_b（短周期体波震级）和12035个m_B（BB）（宽频带体波震级）的数据样本,回归分析m_b和m_B（BB）得到回归方程及量规函数,结果显示m_b和m_B（BB）相关系数为0.966,表明两者显著相关。因此,建议对于中强型中深源地震可以直接从原始速度型宽频带数字地震记录上测定长周期体波震级m_B（BB）,提高地震速报测定的速度和精度。通过震级偏差统计和台站场地响应计算,分析新疆地震台网中的XKR、HTA、ATS和KSZ等地震台站震级偏差较大的原因为砂岩、灰岩、砂土层等类型的台基放大了场地响应,说明台基类型对体波震级偏差的影响较大。与NEIC测定的体波震级对比时,发现新疆地震台网测定体波震级平均偏大0.42级,且偏差随着震源深度的增加有增大的趋势。  相似文献   

Geochemical Characteristic of Charnockites in North Margin of North China Craton: Indicating the Significiant of the Neoarchean Tecnotic Event     

SHI Qiang  FENG Fan  XU Zhongyuan  LIU Zhenghong  DONG Xiaojie  LI Gang 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(5):1354-1376

The Neoarchean charnockites of North margain of North China Craton(NCC) has become a hot topic into understanding the Early Precambrian basement. Although there is a broad consensus that charnockite is usually related to granulite facies metamorphism, whether its petrogenesis and tectonics characteristics remains controversial. Inclusions within hypersthene and garnet in charnockite are used to identify the peak granulite facies mineral assemblage, with the formation of Magnesian–charnockite attributed to anatexis of the protolith associated with this granulite facies metamorphism. The distribution of major and trace elements in charnockite is very uneven, significant depleted in LILEs(eg. Cs, U, Th) and HFSEs(eg. Nb, Ta, P and Ti), riched in Sr. Raising to the coexistence of Eu–enrichment and Eu–depletion type of REE patterns that influenced by the content of plagioclase and the remnants minerals of zircon and apatite. Comparative the petrography, geochemistry and geochronology data of Magnesian–charnockite indicate that the ratios of mafic pellites and basalts involved in anatectic melting are different by the upwelling of mantle magma, also resulting in the Eu anormals characteristics. The formation of the Magnesian–charnockite is closely connected with the subduction of the NCC oceanic crust(About ～2.5 Ga). However, Ferroan–charnockite may be the formed by the crystallization differentiation of the upwelling of mantle–derived shoshonitic magma(About ～2.45 Ga), with the lower crust material addition.  相似文献   

Oxygen and Carbon Isotopes of Cold-water Corals—Reconstructing Paleotemperature Changes and Calcification Mechanism     

Le Kong  Enqing Huang  Jun Tian 《地球科学进展》2019,34(12):1252-1261

Cold-water corals represent an intriguing paleoceanographic archive with a great potential to reconstruct high-resolution paleoenvironmental changes. Compared to those of shallow-water corals, proxies derived from cold-water corals have been complicated by biologically mediated vital effects. The oxygen and carbon stable isotope compositions of cold-water coral skeletons are more depleted than the expected carbonate-seawater equilibrium values by 4‰~6‰ and about 10‰, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to correct for the vital effects before using δ¹⁸O as a temperature proxy. The principles and methods of reconstructing paleotemperature variations of intermediate and deep oceans using oxygen and carbon isotopes of cold-water corals are reviewed, as well as three existing cold-water coral calcification models and their advantages and disadvantages. It is suggested that further micro-scales analysis and targeted experiments are required to clarify the calcification processes of cold-water corals.  相似文献   

山东省牛庄洼陷古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段储集层成岩作用研究   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12  

漆滨汶  林春明  邱桂强  李艳丽  刘惠民  高永进  茅永强 《沉积学报》2007,25(1):99-109

山东省牛庄洼陷古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段储集层岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,岩石结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低。砂岩成岩作用包括压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶解作用等。压实作用主要有刚性颗粒发生脆性破裂、颗粒之间呈线接触和凹凸接触、岩石碎屑颗粒呈明显的定向排列、塑性颗粒挤压变形或刚性颗粒嵌入变形颗粒中、粘土质碎屑被挤压变形发生假杂基化等五种表现形式。胶结物主要有泥质胶结物、碳酸盐胶结物、自生粘土矿物和自生石英、长石。交代作用主要有石英交代长石颗粒、碳酸盐胶结物交代石英、长石及岩屑颗粒、碳酸盐胶结物之间的相互交代。发生溶解作用的主要是石英、长石和岩屑颗粒,胶结物中主要是碳酸盐矿物。目前研究区沙三中亚段储集层成岩演化处于晚成岩A期。影响成岩作用的主要因素为岩石成分、沉积环境、孔隙流体性质等。成岩作用对储集物性的影响主要表现在孔隙度和渗透率的变化,其中压实作用和胶结作用使储层原生孔隙迅速减少、渗透率降低,使得储集物性变差;而溶解作用是次生孔隙发育的主要因素,从而改善砂岩的储集性能。  相似文献   

The Japan Sea Intermediate Water; Its Characteristics and Circulation   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Tomoharu Senjyu 《Journal of Oceanography》1999,55(2):111-122

In the southern Japan Sea there is a salinity minimum layer between the Tsushima Current Water and the Japan Sea Proper Water. Since the salinity minimum corresponds to the North Pacific Intermediate Water, it is named the Japan Sea Intermediate Water (JIW). To examine the source and circulation of JIW, the basin-wide salinity minimum distribution was investigated on the basis of hydrographic data obtained in 1969. The young JIW, showing the highest oxygen concentration and the lowest salinity, is seen in the southwestern Japan Sea west of 133°E, while another JIW with lower oxygen and higher salinity occupies the southeastern Japan Sea south of the subpolar front. Since the young JIW shows high oxygen concentrations, high temperatures and low densities, the source of the water is probably in the surface layer. It is inferred that the most probable region of subduction is the subarctic front west of 132°E with the highest oxygen and the lowest salinity at shallow salinity minimum. In addition, property distributions suggest that JIW takes two flow paths: a eastward flow along the subarctic front and an southward flow toward the Ulleung Basin. On the other hand, a different salinity minimum from JIW occupies the northern Japan Sea north of the subarctic front, which shows an apparently higher salinity and high oxygen concentration than JIW. However, this salinity minimum is considered not to be a water mass but to be a boundary between overlying and underlying water masses. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Analysis of simple shear tests with cell pressure confinement     

J. Antonio H. Carraro 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2017,12(3):169-180

The high cost of offshore infrastructure provides continuous encouragement for optimisation of design practices. Development of a more rational method to interpret results from simple shear tests with cell pressure confinement can reduce costs and improve reliability of offshore infrastructure. This paper addresses a commonly overlooked issue affecting design parameter selection: specimen shape varies from right cylinder to oblique cylinder after loading along a single shearing direction. Thus, horizontal stresses are not always equal to the cell pressure and their magnitude varies throughout the specimen’s lateral surface. An analysis is proposed that accounts for changing specimen geometry and lateral surface area during shearing and for the actual effect of cell pressure during testing. The analysis also describes how the intermediate principal stress can be assessed. Test results for medium dense silica sand are interpreted following de Josselin de Jong’s alternative shearing mechanism hypothesis. Conventional interpretation methods yield conservative design parameters for this soil. Failure states develop when the intermediate principal effective stress is halfway between major and minor principal effective stresses. Typical results for the soil tested show equipment performance meets standard direct simple shear requirements for shear strain rate, vertical stress and specimen height control.  相似文献   

Q3砂黄土真三轴强度变形特性研究     

李滨  刘瑞琦  冯振  王文沛 《岩土力学》2013,34(11):3127-3133

为了研究Q3砂黄土强度变形特性,以甘肃永靖黑方台Q3砂黄土为研究对象,利用西安理工大学研制的真三轴仪,进行了3个围压（50、100 kPa 和200 kPa）、3个b值（0、0.25和0.5）和3个含水率（5%、10%和15%）不同工况试样破坏情况的真三轴试验。试验结果发现：（1）真三轴条件下Q3砂黄土剪切破坏方式以侧胀破坏、单缝剪切破坏为主,其次少数土样发生锥形破坏、双缝剪切破坏和T型缝剪切破坏。（2）相同围压和含水率、不同中主应力比（b）的情况下,Q3砂黄土的主应力差随中主应力比增大而增大,应力-应变关系曲线为强硬化型,剪胀现象明显;中主应力比对广义剪应力和广义剪应变之间关系有一定影响,随b值增加,曲线依次增加;随b值的增加,强度降低,广义剪应力与平均球应力比（q/p）与主应变关系曲线逐渐变缓,且曲线依次降低。（3）随含水率增加,Q3砂黄土由固态向半固态转化过程中,不同中主应力比时黏聚力均出现明显降低,但内摩擦角则出现微小增加。  相似文献   

一个重构的153年热带太平洋次表层上卷海温资料     

杜娟  郑飞  朱江 《热带海洋学报》2012,31(1):1-9

次表层上卷海温对改进ENSO(厄尔尼诺-南方涛动,El Ni o-Southern Oscillation)模拟水平及ENSO年代际变化均具有重要作用。利用一个中等复杂程度耦合模式(intermediate coupled model,简称ICM)和Nudging(张弛逼近)同化方法,重构了1856—2008年间热带太平洋地区的次表层上卷海温。统计检验表明,重构的次表层上卷海温与近50年的3种分析资料间具有较高的相关性和较小的均方根误差。此外,通过此重构的次表层上卷海温资料重新驱动ICM模式,模拟得到的海表温度距平(sea surface temperature anomaly,简称SSTA)可以真实地反映出ENSO的年际和年代际变化,表明此重构的次表层上卷海温资料可用于气候研究,特别是用于ENSO的大尺度低频变化或年代际气候变化研究。  相似文献   

真三轴条件下Q2黄土的破坏模式与强度特性研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

于清高  邵生俊  佘芳涛  张建辉 《岩土力学》2010,31(1):66-70

基于西安理工大学自主研发的新型真三轴试验仪,对不同含水率Q2黄土在不同b值、不同固结围压条件下进行了真三轴试验研究,分析了真三轴试样破坏方式、中主应力对抗剪强度参数的影响以及π平面上的强度破坏面。结果表明,Q2黄土真三轴试样破坏方式主要有侧胀破坏、锥形破坏、梯形破坏、六边形破坏;不同b值应力路经条件下黏聚力与三轴压缩条件下黏聚力的比值在0.9～1.9之间,内摩擦角比值在0.7～1.5之间。土的结构性和土体破坏方式对π平面上的强度破坏面的形状影响较大,固结围压对π平面上的强度破坏面的大小影响较大;原状Q2黄土在π平面上的强度破坏面形状主要呈现梨形和轴对称六边形;随着结构性由强到弱,π平面上的强度破坏面形状由梨形向轴对称六边形变化。  相似文献   

考虑各向异性的原状软黏土微观结构变化机制研究     

温晓贵  张勋  周建  管林波  谢新宇 《岩土力学》2011,32(1):27-32

采用电镜扫描仪（SEM）对在复杂应力路径作用下剪切前后的黏土样进行微观观察,并从剪切前后孔隙排列、孔隙形态、孔隙尺度变化特征3方面分析宏观试验原状软黏土归一化抗剪强度各向异性的微观本质。试验表明：剪切前后孔隙排列无序,孔隙排列方向变化很小,对黏土宏观性质影响很小;当中主应力参数b=0时,剪切过程中孔隙形态的变化对剪切后黏土归一化抗剪强度表现出的各向异性贡献较大;当b =0.5时,剪切过程中孔隙尺度的变化对剪切后黏土归一化抗剪强度表现出的各向异性贡献较大。因此,当中主应力参数不同时,影响剪切后黏土归一化抗剪强度各向异性的土的微观变化因素不同。  相似文献