Subsurface flow measurements using passive flux meters in variably-saturated cold-regions landscapes     

Élise G. Devoie  Ryan F. Connon  James R. Craig  William L. Quinton 《水文研究》2020,34(23):4541-4546

To date, passive flux meters have predominantly been applied in temperate environments for tracking the movement of contaminants in groundwater. This study applies these instruments to reduce uncertainty in (typically instantaneous) flux measurements made in a low-gradient, wetland dominated, discontinuous permafrost environment. This method supports improved estimation of unsaturated and over-winter subsurface flows which are very difficult to quantify using hydraulic gradient-based approaches. Improved subsurface flow estimates can play a key role in understanding the water budget of this landscape.  相似文献   

基于噪声随机模型的加权观测融合方法     

黄贤源  隋立芬  范玉茹 《测绘学院学报》2009,(1)

信息融合技术中,在各局部传感器的有色观测噪声为一阶AR模型的情况下,可以利用观测扩增方法消除有色噪声的影响,得到最优加权观测融合方程,从而实现状态的最优滤波解。对于有色观测噪声为MA或ARMA模型的情况,观测扩增方法不再适用。提出了基于有色观测噪声随机模型级数展开的方法,求解出各局部传感器有色观测噪声的方差,并利用该方差对加权观测融合滤波器进行了构造。通过计算实例证明,该方法不仅适用于观测噪声为AR模型,同时适用于噪声MA或ARMA模型。  相似文献   

GEOGRAPHY ON THE PLANETS: GIFT OF REMOTE SENSING*     

Richard J. Pike 《The Professional geographer》1987,39(2):131-145

Extraterrestrial geography has become a reality, as we move from Earth's moon to the planets. A broad-scale regional physiography is being established on twenty planets and satellites through remote sensing techniques. Spacecraft images yield most of the information on Solar System landscapes. Topographic measurements are extracted by monoscopic image-processing, stereophotogrammetry, and radar analysis. Invisible parts of the spectrum furnish non-topographic data.  相似文献   

北秦岭晋宁期中酸性侵入岩带地球化学特征与构造环境     

杨吉 《地球科学与环境学报》2003,25(3):16-20

北秦岭侵入岩带中的中酸性侵入岩主要形成于晋宁旋回的中晚期阶段。主要岩石类型包括辉石闪长岩、闪长岩、石英闪长岩、英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、斜长花岗岩、花岗岩和钾长花岗岩。岩石化学、稀土元素和微量元素地球化学研究证明,这些岩石主要形成于B型俯冲和碰撞造山的构造环境中,而钾长花岗岩形成于后造山的伸展阶段。据此,该侵入岩带揭示了北秦岭褶皱带在晋宁旋回中晚期阶段的演化过程。  相似文献   

应用GPS观测青藏高原东北缘应力场变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张永志  胡斌  陈宏宾 《地球科学与环境学报》2003,25(4):80-84

采用各向同性弹性地球模型推导了地面位移场速率与地壳内任意点应力场变化的边界积分关系,同时利用青藏高原东北缘1999～2001年观测的GPS资料对观测区地壳深度为5 km和25 km的主应力和最大剪应力进行了计算分析.结果表明,青藏高原东北缘的主应力变化主要集中在祁连山断裂、海原断裂等,在1920～1954年间历史上发生过多次震级为7.0～8.5级强震的断裂附近,并具有主应力变化沿断层走向分布、最大剪应力沿断层走向交替变化等特征.  相似文献   

滇西动态重力网的分形特征及空间分辨力   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

贾民育 《大地测量与地球动力学》1996,(4)

介绍了用分形学描述地球物理观测网非均匀分布和联合应用分形特征与Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ定理确定最佳网格距的方法。研究了滇西动态重力网的分形特征，它的分形维Ｄｆ＝１．２７，最佳网格距ｒ０＝２８ｋｍ。讨论了１９８６年至１９９４年间网区发生的８次Ｍｓ＞５．０级地震前重力场变化的可信性，指出这些变化的波长均大于１００ｋｍ，至少２倍于网的最小空间分辨力，因而是可信的  相似文献   

Damage identification method using harmonic excitation force considering both modelling and measurement errors     

Aiko Furukawa  Junji Kiyono  Hirokazu Iemura  Hisanori Otsuka 《地震工程与结构动力学》2005,34(10):1285-1304

A method of structural damage identification using harmonic excitation force is presented. It considers the effects of both measurement and modelling errors in the baseline finite element model. Damage that accompanies changes in structural parameters can be estimated for a damaged structure from the change between measured vibration responses and ones calculated from the analytical model of the intact structure. In practice, modelling errors exist in the analytical model due to material and geometric uncertainties and a reduction in the degrees of freedom as well as measurement errors, making identification difficult. To surmount these problems, bootstrap hypothesis testing, which enables statistical judgment without information about these errors, was introduced. The method was validated by numerical simulation using a three‐dimensional frame structure and real vibration data for a three‐storey steel frame structure. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

滇西北和邻区均衡重力异常特征及其壳内构造     

袁果田  项爱民 《大地测量与地球动力学》1992,(2)

本文以爱黎-海斯卡宁均衡补偿假设模式为基础,利用圆模板编制了滇西北及邻区均衡重力异常图。分析了异常的基本特征与壳内构造的关系,并初步探讨了均衡重力异常和强震活动的相关性。  相似文献   

自动高精度测距系统     

张学庄  张驰 《大地测量与地球动力学》1996,(1)

介绍了自动高精度测距系统。该系统能以５×１０－７的测距精度测定多个观测点的形变，可作为跨断层动态连续观测的新仪器。  相似文献   

Yields of Nucleosynthesis from massive and intermediate mass stars and constraints on their final evolution     

D. C. V. Mallik  Sushma V. Mallik 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1985,6(3):113-130

Nucleosynthetic yields and production rates of helium and heavy elements are derived using new initial mass functions which take into account the recent revisions in O star counts and the stellar models of Maeder (1981a, b) which incorporate the effects of massloss on evolution. The current production rates are significantly higher than the earlier results due to Chiosi & Caimmi (1979) and Chiosi (1979), and a near-uniform birthrate operating over the history of the galactic disc explains the currently observed abundances. However, the yields are incompatibly high, and to obtain agreement it is necessary to assume that stars above a certain mass do not explode but proceed to total collapse. Further confirmation of this idea comes from the consideration of the specific yields and production rates of oxygen, carbon and iron and the constraints imposed by the observational enrichment history in the disc as discussed by Twarog & Wheeler (1982). Substantial amounts of⁴He and¹⁴C, amongst the primary synthesis species, are contributed by the intermediate mass stars in their wind phases. If substantial numbers of them exploded as Type I SN, their contribution to the yields of¹²C and⁵⁶Fe would be far in excess of the requirements of galactic nucleosynthesis. Either efficient massloss precludes such catastrophic ends for these stars, or the current stellar models are sufficiently in error to leave room for substantial revisions in the specific yields. The proposed upward revision of the¹²C (α,γ)¹⁶O rate may produce the necessary changes in stellar yields to provide a solution to this problem. Stars that produce most of the metals in the Galaxy are the same ones that contribute most to the observed supernova rate.  相似文献