气球携带碘化银焰弹增雨雪效果分析     

孙立德  关心  李宝刚  高鹏  孙子媛  梁志兵  杨劲  季贺成  戴立大 《气象与环境学报》2019,35(5):93-99

利用2003—2017年观测资料,分析了喀左县采用气球携带碘化银焰弹方法人工增雨雪的效果。结果表明：天气形势为蒙古气旋、短波槽、冷涡时,取得的人工增雨雪效果较好。气球焰弹增雪播撒的高度在2000—4000 m,增雨的播撒高度在3000—5000 m,以稳定层状云中的层云、雨层云、高层云最明显。在-10℃温度条件下,冰核生成率平均为6.3×10¹³个/g;喀左县每年降水量平均为505.87 mm,比全市各县平均448.33 mm增加57.54 mm,每年增雨折合水量为1.29×10⁸ m³。气球焰弹增雨每年增加量为31.31 mm,增加降水7.007×10⁷ m³;投入产出比为1∶97.1。气球携带碘化银焰弹增雨雪方法可为其他地区相关业务提供科学参考和技术支撑。  相似文献   

Identification of Regional Sources of Methyl Bromide and Methyl Iodide from AGAGE Observations at Cape Grim,Tasmania     

M.?L.?Cox  G.?A.?Sturrock  P.?J.?FraserEmail author  S.?T.?Siems  P.?B.?Krummel 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2005,50(1):59-77

There are large uncertainties in identifying and quantifying the globally significant sources and sinks of methyl bromide (CH₃Br) and methyl iodide (CH₃I). Long-term, quasi-continuous observations can provide valuable information about their regional sources, which may be significant in the global context. We report 3 years of in situobservations of these trace gases from the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gas Experiment) program at Cape Grim, Tasmania (41 °S, 145 °E). The average background levels of CH₃Br and CH₃I during March 1998–March 2001 were 8.05 and 1.39 ppt (dry air mole fractions expressed in parts per 10¹²), respectively. The CH₃Br background data showed little seasonal variability. Trajectory analyses reveal that air masses showing elevated CH₃Br levels at Cape Grim have had significant contact with coastal-terrestrial and/or coastal-seawater and/or urban source regions. The CH₃I background data showed a seasonal cycle with a 3-year average amplitude of 0.47 ppt and maximum concentrations in summer, suggesting that the Southern Ocean is a significant source.Trajectory analyses reveal that air masses showing highly elevated CH₃I levels at Cape Grim have had significant contact with coastal-terrestrial and/or coastal-seawater regions and/or the open-ocean regions of Bass Strait and the Tasman Sea.  相似文献   

三七炮弹的碘化银成核率检测          下载免费PDF全文

党娟  苏正军  房文  方春刚 《应用气象学报》2016,27(2):140-147

三七炮弹是进行人工增雨和防雹作业所需碘化银催化剂的主要载体之一,炮弹中碘化银催化剂的成核率数据是人工影响天气作业设计和指挥中进行催化剂作业剂量测算的重要参考,因此,对人工影响天气业务中使用的三七炮弹的碘化银成核率进行检测非常重要。2013年11—12月中国气象局人工影响天气中心利用新建的1200 L等温云室和钢板式20 m3专用爆炸室等设备,对目前人工影响天气业务中使用的两个厂家三七炮弹 (样品1、样品2) 的碘化银成核率进行国内首次统一检测。检测结果表明:两厂家炮弹成核率检测结果的拟合值量级均为109~1012/(g·AgI)(检测温度-6℃至-20℃),样品2成核率明显高于样品1。将本次检测结果与国内历次三七炮弹检测结果相比发现,两样品在负温高温段的成核率值均高于以往检测结果,其中,在具有指示意义的-10℃下的成核率,两样品均比以往检测结果要高2~3个量级。不同检测实验中成核率检测结果存在较大差异的现状说明,采用同一平台开展成核率统一检测十分必要。  相似文献   

一种人工影响天气微型无人驾驶飞机及初步试验   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

马舒庆  郑国光  汪改  吴蕾  张小平  潘毅  李强  蔡青 《地球科学进展》2006,21(5):545-550

人工影响天气微型无人驾驶飞机用于复杂天气下人影作业,是可控和可回收探测器和播撒器。人工影响天气微型无人驾驶飞机系统由微型飞机、任务载荷（机载撒播装置和探测装置）及地面监视控制三部分构成。飞行前通过计算机给飞机上的机载控制系统设置航线,遥控起飞后可由机载控制系统控制,飞机按照预定航线进行自主飞行。在需要修改飞行方向时,也可通过遥控终端发出指令。在到达作业高度后,通过遥控终端发出指令,飞机开始播撒作业。在整个飞行过程中飞机不断探测大气温压湿和风,连续将探测资料和飞行数据发送给地面监视终端。通过试验验证了人工影响天气微型无人驾驶飞机飞行性能和探测能力：能够在携带1 kg播撒剂的情况下,飞达6 km的高度,作业半径20 km;能在雨天进行播撒作业和探测;飞机采用手掷起飞,对起飞的场地几乎没有要求;采用降落伞降落,可选择草地、农田降落。初步分析了对对流降水和雷电天气的适应能力。  相似文献   

山东飞机人工增雨效益估算系统   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王以琳 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(3):390-396

在山东飞机人工增雨效益估算系统中 ,根据冷云催化剂扩散模式 ,以作业区内碘化银粒子扩散的浓度为依据 ,确定飞机人工增雨的影响区 ;以天气系统历史降雨量的分布等条件确定对比区 ;采用单次天气系统分层历史回归或区域对比的统计方法确定增雨量。该系统在较客观地选择对比区和影响区的问题上有较大的改进。程序操作简单 ,实现了业务化。  相似文献   

Release and transformations of inorganic iodine by marine macroalgae     

Rosie Chance  Alex R. Baker  Frithjof C. Küpper  Claire Hughes  Bernard Kloareg  Gill Malin 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

A number of field and laboratory studies on the impact of marine macroalgae on dissolved inorganic iodine speciation are presented. Within tidally isolated rock pools, the brown macroalga Fucus serratus was found to both release stored iodide and to facilitate the reduction of iodate to iodide. In contrast, no discernible changes in iodine speciation were observed in rock pools containing green macroalgae of the genus Ulva. Incubation experiments confirmed that the macroalgae Laminaria digitata, F. serratus and Kallymenia antarctica release iodide, though the rate of release varied between species and between specimens of the same species. Application of oxidative stress by treatment with cell wall derived oligoguluronate elicitors increased the efflux of iodide by L. digitata approximately 20-fold. The release of iodide by macroalgae may impact upon the formation of volatile iodine species (molecular iodine and iodocarbons) that are of importance in the coastal atmosphere.  相似文献   

The biogeochemical effect of seaweeds upon close-to natural concentrations of dissolved iodate and iodide in seawater – Preliminary study with Laminaria digitata and Fucus serratus     

Victor W. Truesdale 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Toward assessing the biogeochemical significance of seaweeds in relation to dissolved iodine in seawater, the effect of whole seaweeds (Laminaria digitata and Fucus serratus) upon iodide and iodate, at essentially natural concentrations, has been studied. The weeds were carefully removed from the sub-littoral zone of the Menai Straits and exposed to iodide and iodate at their natural temperature (6 °C), but under continuous illumination. Laminaria digitata was found to decrease the concentration of iodate with an exponential rate constant of 0.008–0.24 h⁻¹. This is a newly discovered process which, if substantiated, will require an entirely new mechanism. Generally, apparent iodide concentration increased except in a run with seawater augmented with iodide, where it first decreased. The rate constant for loss of iodide was 0.014–0.16 h⁻¹. Meanwhile, F. serratus was found not to decrease iodate concentrations, as did L. digitata. Indeed, after ∼30 h iodate concentrations increased, suggesting that the weed may take in iodide before oxidising and releasing it. If substantiated, this finding may offer a way into one of the most elusive of processes within the iodine cycle – iodide oxidation. With both seaweeds sustained long-term increases of apparent iodide concentration are most easily explained as a secretion by the weeds of organic matter which is capable of reducing the Ce(IV) reagent used in determination of total iodine. Modelling of the catalytic method used is provided to support this contention. The possibility of developing this to measure the strain that seaweeds endure in this kind of biogeochemical flux experiment is discussed. A Chemical Oxygen Demand type of approach is applied using Ce(IV) as oxidant. The results of the iodine experiments are contrasted with the several investigations of ¹³¹I interaction with seaweeds, which have routinely used discs of weed cut from the frond. It is argued that experiments conducted with stable iodine may measure a different variable to that measured in radio-iodine experiments.  相似文献   

303 K时KI在CH3OH-H2O混合溶剂中活度系数研究          下载免费PDF全文

王芳  杨美芳 《盐湖研究》2007,15(3):14-18

用电动势法测定了KI在甲醇含量为0%、20%、60%、100%的甲醇-水混合溶剂中的电动势,用幂级数展开方法、扩展的Debye-Hückel方程及Pitzer方程关联不同溶剂组成下电动势的实验值,得到电池的标准电动势E°和KI在混合溶剂中的活度系数。结果表明,在一定的溶剂比例下,KI的平均活度系数先随它的浓度增加而下降,经过一个最低点后上升,或者随浓度增加而单调递减。当KI浓度固定时,它的平均活度系数随溶剂中甲醇的含量增加而下降,表明KI在甲醇中有微弱的缔合。  相似文献   

高效阴离子交换色谱-紫外检测器联用测定海水中碘   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

墨淑敏梁立娜  蔡亚岐牟世芬 温美娟 《岩矿测试》2006,25(2):122-124

建立了在碱性体系中采用高效阴离子交换色谱和紫外检测器联用测定海水中碘离子的分析方法。以63mmol／L NaOH为淋洗液，利用IonPac AS16型强亲水性阴离子交换分离柱．碘离子在8．3min洗脱，经抑制器后进入紫外检测器在波长226nm处检测。方法的检出限为0．05μg／L（进样量500μL，3倍信噪比），标准曲线的线性范围为1～2000μg／L（r=0．9995）。20μg／L碘离子标准溶液9次连续进样的相对标准偏差为1．85％。方法已成功地应用于海水中碘离子的测定，1μg／L碘离子的加标回收率为98％～105％。  相似文献   

矿石中微量金、铂、钯的分离及金、铂的I2-CCl4萃取分光光度法测定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

沈友 《矿物岩石》2004,24(2):109-111

对分解后的矿样采用α-糠偶酰二肟萃取分离出钯，并用I2—CCl4萃取分光光度法测定金，再用三壬胺-二甲苯溶液和氢氧化钠溶液萃取和反萃取分离出铂，采用I2—CCl4萃取分光光度法测定铂。通过方法的回收率试验测定金的回收率为94％～104％，铂的回收率为95％～104％。与其他测定方法进行比较，此测定方法效果较好。  相似文献