二价铁氧化对铁锰循环功能微生物活性的影响及机制          下载免费PDF全文

屈婧祎  童曼  袁松虎 《地球科学》2021,46(2):632-641

地质微生物是沉积环境中铁、锰氧化还原循环的主要驱动因子,铁锰共存环境中二价铁氧化对不同铁、锰循环功能微生物活性的影响差异和机制尚不清楚.以铁还原菌Shewanella oneidensis MR-1、铁氧化菌Pseudogulbenkiania sp.strain 2002、锰氧化菌Pseudomonas putida MnB1和Leptothrix discophora SS-1作为代表性的铁、锰循环功能微生物,利用平板计数、荧光显微镜等手段探究了Fe(II)氧化对功能微生物活性的影响差异及机制.结果表明0.05 mM Fe2+氧化60 min可使MR-1和MnB1的活菌数量降低4~5个数量级,SS-1及S.2002无显著失活.Fe(II)氧化产生的吸附态。OH和胞内。OH是细菌失活的主要原因,胞外H₂O₂、胞外游离态。OH和三价铁氧化物是细菌失活的次要原因,SS-1及S.2002产生了氧化应激反应,成功抵御了活性氧化物种.   相似文献   

硫介导细菌还原载砷铁矿对砷迁移转化的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王晶  谢作明  王佳  杨洋  刘恩杨 《地球科学》2021,46(2):642-651

硫在铁和砷的生物地球化学循环中发挥着重要作用,但地下水系统中硫循环的中间产物S(0)对细菌转化铁和砷的影响尚不清楚.采用室内模拟实验,研究硫参与下细菌D2201对液相和载砷针铁矿中Fe(III)和As(V)的还原作用.结果表明:细菌D2201具有很强的铁还原能力,可以将液相中74%的Fe(III)还原;加入硫后,细菌还原S(0)产生的S(-II)使铁还原率提高到94%.但是,硫没有明显影响细菌对砷的还原.在实验初期,细菌明显加速了载砷针铁矿的还原,最终还原释放到液相中的Fe(II)浓度为32.12 μmol/L;硫的加入增强了细菌对载砷针铁矿的还原,还原溶解的Fe(II)增加至284.13 μmol/L,同时,砷的释放量也增加了1.6倍.这些结果表明硫显著促进了细菌对针铁矿的还原溶解并加速砷的释放.XRD和SEM-EDS结果显示,细菌还原针铁矿但不改变其矿相,而硫的加入也仅使矿物发生一定程度的团聚,并没有使其转变为其他矿物,也未导致砷的再吸附.   相似文献   

黄原胶改性微米铁修复地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)污染的试验     

赵勇胜  李彧 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(4):1224-1230

为了解决微米铁的重力沉降问题,提高微米铁修复地下水Cr（Ⅵ）污染的原位修复效果,本文利用黄原胶对微米铁进行改性,并通过沉降实验探究改性微米铁浆液的稳定性,同时选择Cr（Ⅵ）作为目标污染物,探究黄原胶改性微米铁去除地下水Cr（Ⅵ）污染的降解能力。实验结果显示：当黄原胶的投加质量浓度分别为0.0、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、6.0 g/L时,改性微米铁浆液的悬浮稳定性逐渐得到加强,在5 h沉降实验结束时,对应的相对分光光度值分别为0.05、0.25、0.46、0.57、0.65、0.73和0.87;黄原胶具有抑制微米铁吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的能力,其可促进Cr（Ⅵ）的还原,提高Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率;随着黄原胶投加质量浓度的增加,对应的Cr（Ⅵ）去除率分别为33.4%、41.2%、47.4%、51.1%、53.0%、63.9%和64.1%;6.0 g/L黄原胶改性的微米铁浆液具有最佳的悬浮稳定性,黄原胶的投加提高了微米铁的反应活性,但当黄原胶投加质量浓度超过3.0 g/L时,其对Cr（Ⅵ）的去除率没有显著提高;黄原胶投加质量浓度越大,黄原胶的缓冲作用就越明显。  相似文献   

机器学习与成矿预测:以闽西南铁多金属矿预测为例     

张振杰  成秋明  杨玠  武国朋  葛云钊 《地学前缘》2021,28(3):221-235

作为近年来爆炸式发展的方法模型,机器学习为地质找矿提供了新的思维和研究方法。本文探讨矿产预测研究的理论方法体系,总结机器学习在矿产预测领域的特征信息提取和信息综合集成两个方面的应用现状,并讨论机器学习在矿产资源定量预测领域面临的训练样本稀少且不均衡、模型训练中缺乏不确定性评估、缺少反哺研究、方法选择等困难和挑战。进一步以闽西南马坑式铁矿为实例论述基于机器学习方法的矿产预测基本流程:(1)通过成矿系统研究建立成矿模型,确定矿床控矿要素;(2)通过勘查系统研究建立找矿模型,并为评价预测提供相关的勘查数据;(3)通过预测评价系统研究,建立预测模型,并提取预测要素;(4)利用机器学习模型对预测要素进行信息综合集成,获取成矿有利度图;(5)对预测性能和结果进行不确定性评估;(6)找矿靶区/成矿远景区圈定及资源量估算。最后,总结建立以地学大数据和地球系统理论为指导,以“地球系统-成矿系统-勘查系统-预测评价系统”为研究路线的基于地学大数据的矿产资源定量预测理论和方法体系的研究愿景。  相似文献   

The importance of iron speciation (Fe+2/Fe+3) in determining mineral assemblages: an example from the high‐grade aluminous metapelites of southeastern Madagascar     

S. D. BOGER  R. W. WHITE  B. SCHULTE 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2012,30(9):997-1018

Metapelitic granulites from the Anosyen domain of southeastern Madagascar are exposed in three intercalated formations: the Amparihy, Bakika and Ihosy formations. Although mineralogically distinct from each other, the rocks from these formations show very similar bulk‐rock compositions when measured on a Fe_T basis. The preserved mineral assemblages thus do not reflect differences in the ratios of the main rock‐forming oxides (i.e. Al₂O₃:Fe_T:MgO), but instead reflect variations in the pre‐metamorphic oxidation state of the protolith rocks. These differences in oxidation state are manifested via differences in iron speciation – either Fe⁺² or Fe⁺³. The relatively reduced rocks of the Amparihy Formation preserve the assemblage bi–sp–sill–g–cd, which contrasts markedly with the mostly garnet and spinel‐absent bi–cd–sill–mt assemblages preserved in the strongly oxidized rocks of the Ihosy Formation. Compositionally intermediate rocks of the Bakika Formation are garnet bearing, but sillimanite‐absent, and contain the assemblage sp–g–cd–mag. Modelling of these rocks in the Na₂O–CaO–K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–TiO₂–O system suggests that they evolved along a heating and cooling P–T path with only limited decompression accompanying cooling on the retrograde path. Peak temperatures and pressures of ～880–920 °C and 6–6.5 kbar are inferred for the majority of the Anosyen domain, with slightly lower peak temperatures (～840 °C) estimated in the extreme northwest of the area. The high‐temperature and relatively low‐pressure nature of metamorphism suggests high geothermal gradients existed during orogenesis, which in southern Madagascar is related to the amalgamation of Gondwana (580–520 Ma). Although metamorphic temperatures may have been augmented via thermal advection from the emplacement of the syn‐ to post‐tectonic Ambalavao suite, the high geothermal gradients nevertheless suggest thin and consequently hot lithosphere existed prior to orogenesis.  相似文献   

Sunrise Hill unconformity: A newly discovered regional hiatus between Archaean granites and greenstones in the northeastern Pilbara Craton     

P. R. Dawes  R. H. Smithies  J. Centofanti  D. C. Podmore 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):635-639

Contacts between Archaean granites and greenstones in the northeastern part of the Pilbara Craton have been described as intrusive and tectonic. New field observations in the Shay Gap region demonstrate that greenstones of the Gorge Creek Group unconformably overlie the Muccan and Warrawagine batholiths. Regionally, the unconformity is marked by a persistent but relatively thin basal clastic sequence, locally with a granite boulder conglomerate, overlain by ore‐bearing banded iron‐formation, fine‐grained clastic rocks and chert. The granite basement is dated at 3443 ± 6 Ma. The precise age of the hiatus is unknown but its maximum effect might have been the removal of a substantial thickness of Early to Middle Archaean strata.  相似文献   

Nitric oxide profiles measured in situ during the Globus '85 campaign     

W. A. Matthews  Y. Kondo  P. Fabian  B. C. Krüger 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1989,8(3):229-240

Nitric oxide profiles obtained from three flights of chemiluminescent instruments during the Globus '85 campaign held in France in the autumn of 1985 are reported. When the profile obtained in the early morning of 20 September is compared with the flight made the previous afternoon, an average morning to midday NO ratio of 0.7 for the region between 26 and 33 km is obtained. This value is in good agreement with theoretical studies involving the photolysis of N₂O₅ and the establishment of the NO₂–NO equilibrium.  相似文献   

Iron porphyrins in the Permian Kupferschiefer of the lower Rhine Basin, N.W. Germany     

C. B. Eckardt  M. Wolf  J. R. Maxwell 《Organic Geochemistry》1989,14(6)

Immature samples of the Permian Kupferschiefer from the Lower Rhine Basin in N.W. Germany were analysed for tetrapyrrole pigment type and abundance. The sediment, thought to have been deposited in a marine regime with enhanced salinity, was found to contain high concentrations of metalloporphyrins. The porphyrins are complexed to nickel (Ni) and oxovanadium (V=0), but high abundances of iron (Fe) porphyrins were also detected using UV/visible spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The presence in the latter of series of aetioporphyrins, cycloalkanoporphyrins, di-cycloalkanoporphyrins and benz-cycloalkanoporphyrins was confirmed by accurate mass measurements; HPLC co-injection of deoxophylloerythroetioporphyrin (C₃₂ DPEP) with the demetallated iron porphyrins indicated its presence in the sediment as an iron complex. The study provides the first evidence for the occurrence of Fe porphyrins in geological samples other than coals and lignites, and reports the highest concentrations in sedimentary organic matter to date.  相似文献   

Intercomparison of NO column measurements during MAP/GLOBUS 1985     

R. L. McKenzie  W. A. Matthews  Y. Kondo  R. Zander  Ph. Demoulin  P. Fabian  D. G. Murcray  F. J. Murcray  O. Lado-Bordowsky  C. Camy-Peyret  H. K. Roscoe  J. A. Pyle  R. D. McPeters 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1988,7(4):353-367

Column measurements of nitric oxide were made using several techniques during the MAP/GLOBUS campaign in France in September 1985. The data sets are nearly co-located and simultaneous, therefore allowing a valid intercomparison of the various measurement methods. The range of altitudes sampled differs from instrument to instrument. This complicates the comparison because the data sets are to some extent complementary. The NO distributions apparently vary significantly from day to day, and possibly over shorter timescales. Changes in dynamics may be responsible for these variations. The results from the instruments which measure in the infrared and the ultraviolet are self-consistent, and show good agreement with photochemical predictions. On 19 September, when the intercomparison was made, the profile measured by the in-situ chemiluminescent instrument differed significantly from the predicted profile, and the measured columns were generally higher.  相似文献   

攀西地区铁钛氧化物矿物的显微结构     

李朝晖  彭志忠 《地球科学》1988,(1)

本文用矿石显微镜及单晶X射线分析方法,研究了攀枝花—西昌地区铁钛氧化物矿物的显微结构共生组合特点、各出溶相间的关系和分布方位以及不同岩石和矿石显微结构共生组合上的差异。业已查明它们受岩浆旋回和岩石类型所控制。本文指出了磁铁矿-钛铁晶石固溶体显微出溶结构可能是拐点分解经调制结构后的终期产物。  相似文献