Hydrologic characteristics of lake‐ and stream‐side riparian wetted margins in the McMurdo Dry Valleys,Antarctica     

Melissa L. Northcott  Michael N. Gooseff  John E. Barrett  Lydia H. Zeglin  Cristina D. Takacs‐Vesbach  John Humphrey 《水文研究》2009,23(9):1255-1267

Water is a limiting factor for life in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), Antarctica. The active layer (seasonally thawed soil overlying permafrost) accommodates dynamic hydrological and biological processes for 10–16 weeks per year. Wetted margins (visually wetted areas with high moisture content) adjacent to lakes and streams are potential locations of great importance in the MDV because of the regular presence of liquid water, compared with the rest of the landscape where liquid water is rare. At 11 plots (four adjacent to lakes, seven adjacent to streams), soil particle size distribution, soil electrical conductivity, soil water content and isotopic signature, width of the wetted margin, and active layer thaw depth were characterised to determine how these gradients influence physicochemical properties that determine microbial habitat and biogeochemical cycling. Sediments were generally coarse‐grained in wetted margins adjacent to both lakes and streams. Wetted margins ranged from 1·04 to 11·01 m in average length and were found to be longer at lakeside sites than streamside. Average thaw depths ranged from 0·12 to 0·85 m, and were found to be deepest under lake margins. Lake margins also had much higher soil electrical conductivity, steeper topographic gradients, but more gradual soil moisture gradients than stream margins. Patterns of soil water δ¹⁸O and δD distribution indicate capillary action and evaporation from wetted margins; margin pore waters generally demonstrated isotopic enrichment with distance from the shore, indicating evaporation of soil water. Lake margin pore waters were significantly more negative in D_XS (D_XS = δD‐8δ¹⁸O) than streamside pore waters, indicating a longer history of evaporation there. Differences between lake and stream margins can be explained by the more consistent availability of water to lake margins than stream margins. Differences in margin characteristics between lakes and streams have important consequences for the microbial habitat of these margins and their functional role in biogeochemical cycling at these terrestrial–aquatic interfaces. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

丹凤地区刘岭群倒转变质带及其地质意义     

胡能高  安三元  甘云兰 《地球科学与环境学报》1990,(1)

根据变质矿物组合和变质带的特征,结合变形构造研究,认为丹凤地区的刘岭群曾遭受过中压相系的变质作用,随后又被褶皱及剪切推覆作用改造,使变质带倒转、变薄。文章认为,本区刘岭群在时代上不能与西部邻区的中泥盆统地层对比。  相似文献   

成都市城市热岛效应分析     

曾胜兰 《成都信息工程学院学报》2015,30(1):96-101

城市热岛效应是城市气候最显著的特征之一。基于地理信息系统和不同时次的遥感影像,探讨成都市地表温度、热岛强度、热岛等级的分布特征及其演变。结果表明:成都市热岛效应明显且夜间夏强冬弱,地表温度呈条状分布;日间城市多数区域属于弱热岛以上等级,中心城区偏向强热岛和极强热岛,夜间强热岛面积扩张,冬季热岛等级增加明显;2002~2012年,城市热岛等级增加,强热岛面积扩张,但存在昼夜和季节性差异。  相似文献   

最近50年来莱州湾东部典型砂岸潮上带土地利用变化研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

仲少云  王庆  战超  李雪艳  王昕 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(2):410-419

以不同时期测量和成像的地形图和高分辨率遥感影像为数据源,综合使用野外调查、遥感(RS)、全球定位系统(GPS)和地理信息系统(GIS)等方法,对最近50多年来莱州湾东部砂岸典型岸段(界河口—刁龙嘴)的土地利用变化进行研究。结果表明,最近50多年来,莱州湾东部海岸土地利用/土地覆被变化显著,土地利用类型转化的总趋势是风沙地、林地、耕地向养殖池及居民地转化。从20世纪90年代初以来,该岸段潮上带风沙地大部分已为养殖池(塘、大棚)等所覆盖,在沿海防护林和海域之间新出现了一条平行于岸线、基本连续展布的水产养殖设施带,其外侧建有高出当地最高潮位的防浪堤。潮上带土地覆被的如此深刻变化,必然深刻地改变风暴潮作用时的水动力边界条件,导致风暴潮作用过程中沿水下岸坡—海滩—潮上带方向的能量分布发生调整,进一步会对海岸地貌及冲淤发生的范围、强度、性质和形式等带来变化。因此,大面积的潮上带土地利用可能是莱州湾东部砂岸,最近30年来海岸地貌冲淤演变的重要影响因素之一,这为今后深入研究并预测该段海岸地貌冲淤变化提供了新的视角。  相似文献   

我国海洋底栖猛水蚤目两个新记录种     

马林  李新正 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(6):1321-1325

通过对2008 年5 月在江苏平岛潮间带采集的砂质沉积物进行离心提取, 经形态分类学方法 鉴定发现底栖猛水蚤目两个新记录种, 濑户叶足猛水蚤Phyllopodopsyllus setouchiensis Kitazima, 1981 和扎哈美猛水蚤 Ameira zahaae Karanovic & Cho, 2012, 分别隶属于矩头猛水蚤科 Tetragonicipitidae Lang, 1948 和美猛水蚤科 Ameiridae Boeck, 1865.其中, 濑户叶足猛水蚤目前仅在 砂质潮间带环境中发现。扎哈美猛水蚤与韩国海域发现的种形态基本一致。  相似文献   

Macrobenthos relative to the oxygen minimum zone on the East Indian margin,Bay of Bengal          下载免费PDF全文

Akkur V. Raman  Rayaroth Damodaran  Lisa A. Levin  Thiruchitrambalam Ganesh  Yannamani K. V. Rao  Sateesh Nanduri  Rakhesh Madhusoodhanan 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):679-700

The Bay of Bengal remains one of the least studied of the world's oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). Here we offer a detailed investigation of the macrobenthos relative to oxygen minimum zone [OMZ – DO (dissolved oxygen), concentration <0.5 ml·1^?1] at 110 stations off the North East Indian margin (16⁰ and 20⁰ N) featuring coastal, shelf and slope settings (10–1004 m). Macrobenthos (>0.5 mm) composition, abundance and diversity were studied in relation to variations in depth, dissolved oxygen, sediment texture and organic carbon. Using multivariate procedures powered by SIMPROF analysis we identified distinct OMZ core sites (depth 150–280 m; DO 0.37 ml·1^?1) that exhibited dense populations of surface‐feeding polychaetes (mean 2188 ind. m^?2) represented by spionids and cossurids (96%). Molluscs and crustaceans were poorly represented except for ampeliscid amphipods. The lower OMZ sites (DO > 0.55 ml·l^?1) supported a different assemblage of polychaetes (cirratulids, amphinomids, eunicids, orbinids, paraonids), crustaceans and molluscs, albeit with low population densities (mean 343 ind. m^?2). Species richness [E(S₁₀₀)], diversity (Margalef d; H’) and evenness (J’) were lower and dominance was higher within the OMZ core region. Multiple regression analysis showed that a combination of sand, clay, organic carbon, and dissolved oxygen explained 62–78% of the observed variance in macrobenthos species richness and diversity: E(S₁₀₀) and H’. For polychaetes, clay and oxygen proved important. At low oxygen sites (DO <1 ml·l^?1), depth accounted for most variance. Residual analysis (after removing depth effects) revealed that dissolved oxygen and sediment organic matter influenced 50–62% of residual variation in E(S₁₀₀), H’ and d for total macrofauna. Of this, oxygen alone influenced up to ~50–62%. When only polychaetes were evaluated, oxygen and organic matter explained up to 58–63%. For low oxygen sites, organic matter alone had the explanatory power when dominance among polychaetes was considered. Overall, macrobenthic patterns in the Bay of Bengal were consistent with those reported for other upwelling margins. However, the compression of faunal gradients at shallower depths was most similar to the Chile/Peru margin, and different from the Arabian Sea, where the depth range of the OMZ is two times greater. The Bay of Bengal patterns may take on added significance as OMZs shoal globally.  相似文献   

天津鲤鱼门滩涂经济贝类资源变化及原因探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李永仁  梁健  郭永军  邢克智 《海洋科学》2015,39(11):68-73

为探讨天津汉沽鲤鱼门潮间带经济贝类资源的变化特征,2012~2014年作者对该滩涂经济贝类开展资源调查,并与2008年的调查结果进行对比分析。结果表明:2012~2014年经济贝类种数分别为9种、10种、10种,高于2008年的7种;鲤鱼门滩涂经济贝类主要分布于中潮区,2012~2014年中潮区经济贝类资源量分别为1 082.8、1 183.9和1 339.8g/m2,高于2008年的293.5 g/m2;2012~2014年优势种为菲律宾蛤(Ruditapes philippinarum)仔,优势度90%以上,2008年优势种为四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis);近年来菲律宾蛤仔大量出现,与邻近海域的大规模增殖放流活动密切相关。  相似文献   

大沽河地下咸淡水过渡带的水-岩作用模拟     

陈然  郑西来 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,45(1):95-101

大沽河是青岛市最大的地下水源地,过量开采导致严重的地下咸水入侵,研究地下咸-淡水的地球化学作用对于地下咸水的治理具有重要的指导作用。本文选取大沽河地下咸淡水过渡带作为研究区,在地下水动态监测的基础上,通过地下水水质和含水介质矿物分析,借助当前成熟的水文地球化学模拟软件—PHREEQC 2.0,计算地下水中主要离子和络合离子的含量,定量确定矿物的饱和指数和地下水流向上矿物相与水之间的物质交换量。研究结果表明:(1)地下水中钠、钾、镁、钙主要以单一离子形态存在,硫、碳主要以络阴离子形态存在,而硅和铝主要以络合物形态存在;(2)在地下水流动路径上,方解石、白云石、伊利石、高岭土处于过饱和状态;而石膏、CO2、氯化钠、萤石、玉髓处于不饱和状态;(3)咸淡水过渡带地下水化学类型由HCO3-Ca·Na型水向Cl-Na型水转变的趋势。  相似文献   

西太平洋夏季三类声速环境下的会聚区特性比较          下载免费PDF全文

程琛  张旭  史峰 《海洋科学进展》2015,33(1)

利用Argo剖面数据和水声学数值模型,分析了西太平洋夏季在热带海区(I型)、亚热带南部海区(II型)和亚热带北部海区(III型)三类典型声速环境下的会聚区特性。声场计算结果表明,声速环境的区域性差异及声源深度的变化对会聚区声场特性有明显影响。当声源深度为20m时,热带海区会聚区距离较远,第一会聚区约为65km,超出亚热带海区约5km;当声源深度为200m时,亚热带北部海区会聚区距离较远,第一会聚区约为60km,亚热带南部海区、热带海区依次递减约5km。I型和III型剖面在特定的声源深度条件下出现波导型声场,当声源位于表层时热带海区产生表面波导,当声源位于次表层时亚热带北部海区产生次表层波导,对于1kHz的声波,波导深度范围内的传播损失比波导深度以外高出10~20dB。  相似文献   

东营凹陷八面河北部斜坡带构造特征及形成机制     

张蕾 《山东国土资源》2015,31(6)

研究了东营凹陷八面河北部斜坡带的断裂特征、构造演化特征及其形成机制,明确了该区的断裂展布特点和断层活动性,弄清了北部斜坡带的演化规律,同时分析该区的构造变形特征。结果表明：中生代以后,八面河地区存在2种独立的构造变形系统：一是板块边缘相互作用力;二是到后期由于板块的持续俯冲,地幔底辟作用在岩石圈底面产生的牵引力。八面河北部地区在这2种构造力的综合作用下,不同时期表现出不同的构造变形特征。  相似文献