单纯克山病病区与单纯大骨节病病区生态化学环境的对比研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李日邦  谭见安 《地理学报》1995,50(3):272-278

本文对云南省牟定县申平村单纯克山病病区和陕北榆林县蟒坑村单纯大骨节病病区的生态化学环境进行了对比研究，表明两地生态化学环境仍处于低Ｓｅ水平。申平村人群仍有潜在型克山病病例，蟒坑村人群的骨质病变则出现很高的Ｘ线阳性检出率，说明两地的致病因子仍然活跃，从生态系物质含Ｓｅ量看出，蟒坑村的缺Ｓｅ程度较申平村高。此外，单纯克山病病区申平村土壤，粮食，人发中的Ａｓ明显高于蟒坑村和非病区。为此，从Ａｓ与Ｓｅ具有  相似文献   

Changes in the ionic composition of a saline lake,Mar Chiquita,Province of Córdoba,Argentina     

D. E. Martinez 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(1):25-44

Mar Chiquita is the largest water-body in Argentina according to area. This ranges from 2,000 km² in dry periods to 5,000 km² in humid ones. Its very high salinity ranged this century from 200 to 300 g/L, but an increase in the average rainfall in the basin since 1973 has led to a rise in lake level and the dilution of its waters to 78 g/L in 1978 and about 30 g/L in the late 1980s. Ionic strength decreased from 6.61 in 1970 to 0.541 in 1986. The composition of the water also changed, with increases in the proportions of sulphate, calcium and magnesium concentrations. The most important processes taking place in solution are calcite and gypsum equilibrium, formation of clay minerals, and sulphate reduction in the interstitial waters of the bottom sediments. The thermodynamic state of the solutions for different years has been obtained. Results show that the solution shifted from gypsum oversaturation in 1970 to gypsum equilibrium in 1978, and to gypsum undersaturation since 1982. A geochemical simulation of the composition of the solution from its origin from mean tributary composition, following a modified Hardie-Eugster model, has been developed using PHRQPITZ. The results agree with empirical observations.  相似文献   

Biological and physical events involved in the origin,effects, and control of organic matter in solar saltworks     

Joseph S. Davis  Mario Giordano 《International Journal of Salt Lake Research》1995,4(4):335-347

Aspects of communities and events in the concentrating ponds (S.G. 1.130 to 1.214) and salt crystallizing ponds (S.G. 1.215 to 1.264) of solar saltworks pertinent to salt manufacture are described. Communities that aid salt manufacture enable continuous and efficient production of high quality salt at a saltworks' design capacity, and they provide important controls on levels of organic matter in the brine. Fluctuating salinities, high concentrations of nutrients, and petroleum products are disturbances that causeAphanothece halophytica andDunaliella salina to release excessive quantities of organic matter, and that suppress or cause death to nutrient stripping organisms. Disturbances result in decreased quality and quantity of salt and increased costs for salt harvest, washing, and pond upkeep. Organic matter can be controlled by management techniques that keep nutrient stripping communities at proper levels and maintain a narrow and unchanging range of salinities in each pond, by constructing pond dikes able to withstand wind and water erosion, and by preventing spills of petroleum products in the ponds.  相似文献   

非闭合流域岩溶水模型   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

王腊春  史运良 《水科学进展》1995,6(4):318-324

通过对贵州普定后寨河实验流域的研究,论述了非闭合流域岩溶水形成机制,根据流域地表、地下结构,将全流域划分为4个单元,并考虑各单元的闭合程度,建立了概念性岩溶水模型,为非闭合岩溶流域水文研究提供了新的途径。  相似文献   

塔里木河流域地表水资源及径流组成   总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11  

尤平达 《干旱区地理》1995,18(2):29-35

塔里木河流域内水系的分布几乎包括整个塔里盆地，水资源在全流域不仅是农业的命脉，也是制约国民经济发展的重要因素，同时也是制约和影响生态环境最敏感的因子。本文根据塔里木河流域干，支流水文测站长期的实际观测资料，加以深入研究分析，对该流域各源流及干流的地表水资源量，径流组成以及年内分配情况，提出了较为翔实，可靠的数据，谨供流域水资源规划设计，管理调度等参考。  相似文献   

Propagation and Structural Interpretation of Non-Plane Waves     

E. Wielandt 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,113(1):45-53

  相似文献   

Focal mechanisms of large earthquakes in the South Island of New Zealand: implications for the accommodation of Pacific-Australia plate motion     

Helen Anderson  Terry Webb  James Jackson 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(3):1032-1054

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Wavepath traveltime tomography   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

D. W. Vasco  E. L. Majer 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(3):1055-1069

The elastic-wave equation is used to construct sensitivity kernels relating perturbations in elastic parameters to traveltime deviations. Computation of the functions requires a correlation of the forward-propagating seismic wavefield with a backward propagation of the residual wavefield. The computation of the wavefields is accomplished using a finite difference algorithm and is efficiently executed on a CM-2 parallel processor. The source and receiver locations have maximum sensitivity to velocity structure. The sensitivity kernels or wavepaths are well suited for transmission traveltime inversion such as cross-borehole tomography and vertical seismic profiling. Conventional ray tomography and wavepath tomography are applied to a set of P -wave arrival times, from a cross-borehole experiment at Kesterson, California. Because the wavepaths have increased sensitivity near the source and receiver there are differences in resolution of the velocity structure. Both techniques recover the same relative variations in velocity where the coverage is adequate. The wavepath solution is more laterally continuous and the dominant variation is vertical, as is expected for the layered sediments in this region.  相似文献   

Observations of geomagnetic pulsations and variations with a new borehole magnetometer down to depths of 3000 m   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

K. Spitzer 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(3):839-848

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A triaxial magnetometer has been developed for investigating the in situ skin effect of horizontal geomagnetic pulsations and variations in deep boreholes. The observations were carried out in the pilot borehole of the Continental Deep Drilling Program of Germany (KTB) down to depths of 3000 m and up to temperature of 90 C. A weak skin effect, due to the known very low conductivity of the penetrated crystalline rocks, of 90 to 95 per cent in amplitude and -5 to -10 rotation in phase has been observed at periods of 10 s and magnetometer depth of 2400 m.
An essential prerequisite for all calculations is the accurate determination of the orientation of the downhole magnetometer. It is demonstrated how oriented record samples of temporal variations at depth correlate precisely with those from the surface.
Results from surface magnetotelluric (MT) investigations show strong local distortions of the telluric field. The distortion of the MT tensor response has been determined by means of newly introduced skin-effect transfer functions, which are assumed to be undistorted.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary kinematics of the Pallatanga strike-slip fault (Central Ecuador) from topographic measurements of displaced morphological features   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Thierry Winter  Jean-Philippe Avouac  Alain Lavenu 《Geophysical Journal International》1993,115(3):905-920

The northeast-trending Pallatanga right-lateral strike-slip fault runs across the Western Cordillera connecting N50E-N70E trending normal faults in the Gulf of Guayaquil with N-S reverse faults in the Interandean Depression. Over most of its length, the fault trace has been partly obscured by erosional processes and can be inferred in the topography only at the large scale. Only the northern fault segment, which follows the upper Rio Pangor valley at elevations above 3600 m, is prominent in the morphology. Valleys and ridges cut and offset by the fault provide an outstanding record of right-lateral cumulative fault displacement. The fault geometry and kinematics of this particular fault segment can be determined from detailed topographic levellings. The fault strikes N30E and dips 75 to the NW. Depending on their size and nature, transverse morphological features such as tributaries of the Rio Pangor and intervening ridges, reveal right-lateral offsets which cluster around 27 ± 11m, 41.5 ± 4 m, 590 ± 65 m and 960 ± 70 m. The slip vector deduced from the short-term offsets shows a slight reverse component with a pitch of about 11.5 SW. The 41.5 ± 4 m displacements are assumed to be coeval with the last glacial termination, yielding a mean Holocene slip-rate of 2.9- 4.6 mm yr⁻¹. Assuming a uniform slip rate on the fault in the long term, the 27 m offset appears to correlate with an identified middle Holocene morphoclimatic event, and the long term offsets of 590 m and 960 m coincide with the glacial terminations at the beginning of the last two interglacial periods.  相似文献