蒙自喀斯特断陷盆地边坡与盆缘的露石差异性     

蒋若涵  沈有信  赵志猛 《山地学报》2020,38(1):42-49

喀斯特露石常常占据一定比例的地表面积,且具有许多已知或未知的水文—生态功能,对于喀斯特地区的植被恢复和环境改善发挥着重要的作用。本实验运用样线法和拍照法识别喀斯特断陷盆地不同位置(盆缘和盆地边坡)露石的数量特征和外部形态特征,同时比较了两种方法测量样地岩石裸露率的精准度。结果发现:盆地边坡与盆缘的露石数量和外部特征存在显著差异,盆缘露石分布密度(0.54个·m-2)>盆地边坡(0.39个·m-2);但盆地边坡露石的长宽比大于盆缘,单体占地面积为盆缘露石的两倍,接近40%的盆地边坡露石与山体等高线平行。样线法和拍照法测量样地岩石裸露率的结果存有差异,但并不显著,且这种差异呈现出随着岩石裸露率的增加而逐渐增加的趋势,拍照测量结果具有较小的变异系数。这些结果说明了研究区露石具有较强的空间异质性,对解释地表水土运移规律和植物分布提供重要参考。拍照法能准确地测量岩石裸露率,并提供露石外部形态特征的精准数据,可以作为喀斯特样地露石调查的新方法加以推广。  相似文献   

Ecosystem carbon storage under different scenarios of land use change in Qihe catchment,China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Zhu  Wenbo  Zhang  Jingjing  Cui  Yaoping  Zhu  Lianqi 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(9):1507-1522

Regional land use change is the main cause of the ecosystem carbon storage changes by affecting emission and sink process.However,there has been little research on the influence of land use changes for ecosystem carbon storage at both temporal and spatial scales.For this study,the Qihe catchment in the southern part of the Taihang Mountains was taken as an example;its land use change from 2005 to 2015 was analyzed,the Markov-CLUE-S composite model was used to predict land use patterns in 2025 under natural growth,cultivated land protection and ecological conservation scenario,and the land use data were used to evaluate ecosystem carbon storage under different scenarios for the recent 10-year interval and the future based on the carbon storage module of the In VEST model.The results show the following:(1) the ecosystem carbon storage and average carbon density of Qihe catchment were 3.16×107 t and 141.9 t/ha,respectively,and decreased by 0.07×107 t and 2.89 t/ha in the decade evaluated.(2) During 2005–2015,carbon density mainly decreased in low altitude areas.For high altitude area,regions with increased carbon density comprised a similar percentage to regions with decreased carbon density.The significant increase of the construction areas in the middle and lower reaches of Qihe and the degradation of upper reach woodland were core reasons for carbon density decrease.(3) For 2015–2025,under natural growth scenario,carbon storage and carbon density also significantly decrease,mainly due to the decrease of carbon sequestration capacity in low altitude areas;under cultivated land protection scenario,the decrease of carbon storage and carbon density will slow down,mainly due to the increase of carbon sequestration capacity in low altitude areas;under ecological conservation scenario,carbon storage and carbon density significantly increase and reach 3.19×107 t and 143.26 t/ha,respectively,mainly in regions above 1100 m in altitude.Ecological conservation scenario can enhance carbon sequestration capacity but cannot effectively control the reduction of cultivated land areas.Thus,land use planning of research areas should consider both ecological conservation and cultivated land protection scenarios to increase carbon sink and ensure the cultivated land quality and food safety.  相似文献   

北京房山世界地质公园岩溶景观特色   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

吕金波 《城市地质》2007,2(3):26-30

北京房山世界地质公园是以岩溶洞穴景观和峰丛地貌景观为主题的地质公园。大石河流域发育中奥陶统马家沟组石灰岩,自上而下,依次发育鸡毛洞、银狐洞、石花洞和孔水洞,由一条地下暗河将其连为一个洞系,其水源补给点在大石河上游,排泄点为孔水洞。周口店猿人遗址属于中奥陶统马家沟组岩溶洞穴。拒马河流域发育中元古界雾速山组白云岩,岩溶洞穴包括云水洞、仙栖洞、龙仙宫和三清洞,均属唐县期夷平面时期的产物。拒马河流域地层平缓的中元古界雾速山组峰丛地貌区东从张坊起,西至大沙地,南临笔架山,北抵石人峰,流域面积395km~2,其中碳酸盐岩岩石面积占360km~2,山体上部的岩石被溶解,形成峰丛地貌景观。  相似文献   

基于GIS与地理探测器的岩溶槽谷石漠化空间分布及驱动因素分析   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

王正雄  蒋勇军  张远嘱  段世辉  刘九缠  曾泽  曾思博 《地理学报》2019,74(5):1025-1039

岩溶区土地石漠化已成为中国西部继沙漠化和水土流失后的第三大生态问题,近年来岩溶槽谷区石漠化表现出增加趋势。通过获取槽谷区石漠化、岩性、坡度、海拔、降雨量、土地利用、人口密度和第一产业生产总值等数据,利用GIS空间分析功能和地理探测器模型,探讨了岩溶槽谷区石漠化空间分布特征及驱动因子。主要结论为：① 岩溶槽谷区总石漠化面积为21323.7 km ²,占研究区土地面积的8.3%,其中轻度、中度和重度石漠化面积分别是11894.8 km ²、8615.8 km ²和813.1 km ²,分别占石漠化面积的55.8%、40.4%和3.8%;② 从石漠化的空间分布来看,槽谷区石漠化主要发生在连续性灰岩中,轻度、中度和重度石漠化面积分别为占槽谷区相应石漠化类型面积的22.1%、22.4%和1.9%;槽谷区石漠化主要发生在15°~25°的坡度范围,轻度、中度和重度石漠化面积分别为占槽谷区相应石漠化类型面积的27.1%、18.2%和2.3%;从海拔来看,主要分布于400~800 m范围内,轻度、中度和重度石漠化面积分别为占槽谷区相应石漠化类型面积的24.9%、18.4%和0.2%;从土地利用类型来看,主要发生于山地旱地中;从人口密度来看,集中分布于100~200人/km ²中;从第一产业生产总值来看,集中分布于25亿~50亿元中;③ 地理探测器的因子探测器揭示了岩性（q = 0.58）、土地利用（q = 0.48）和坡度（q = 0.42）3个因子是槽谷区石漠化形成的主要驱动因子,交互式探测器进一步揭示了岩性与土地利用类型（q = 0.85）、坡度与土地利用类型的组合（q = 0.75）共同驱动槽谷区石漠化的形成。  相似文献   

海绵城市建设下的生态效应分析——以常德市穿紫河流域为例     

王夏青  孙思远  杨萍  邹小燕  易巧梅  彭保发  许建伟 《地理学报》2019,74(10):2123-2135

海绵城市建设被认为是解决城市内涝、水污染和水资源短缺、热岛效应等问题的有效途径之一。中国自2015年起共确立30个海绵城市建设试点城区,为今后海绵城市建设在全国范围的推广提供示范。基于实地调研、查阅资料并对比分析穿紫河流域海绵城市建设前后的水文、植被和气候等自然要素变化。结果表明：常德市城市内涝有效缓解,但在暴雨发生时局部仍出现积水和内涝现象;穿紫河水质总体上由劣Ⅴ类转变为Ⅲ类,但在冬季周期性恶化及污染物富集;穿紫河流域生物多样性显著增加,同时也表现出植物种类单一、具有环境净化功能的植物种类较少、生态系统不完整和管理不善等问题;常德市夏季的热岛效应有一定程度缓解。常德市2004-2019年的海绵城市建设显著提升了穿紫河流域的生态效应,为该地区的社会经济发展和人居环境改善提供了重要的生态基础,也为合理评价其他试点城区海绵城市建设效果提供借鉴。  相似文献   

典型喀斯特城市的热岛时空变化及其成因分析     

陈炫炽  陈蓉  廖瑶  吴愈锋  王跃跃 《测绘通报》2019,(11):93-97

利用1989、2003、2018年的Landsat影像对安顺市西秀区的地表温度进行反演,分析研究区在30年发展中的热岛时空变化及其成因。使用基于影像的反演算法,结合分类回归树算法进行地表温度的反演,用气象站数据对反演结果进行精度验证,并建立缓冲区对研究区进行相关性分析等定量分析。结果表明：研究区受喀斯特地貌的影响,除主城区外,郊区也存在大量高温区;近30年研究区热效应与不透水面、绿地的面积有极显著相关;1989-2003年研究区城市热岛面积随城市扩张逐渐增大,但2018年主城区城市热岛现象几乎完全消失,排除气象因素和城市形态因子影响的可能后,发现这与安顺市城市绿化的大力进行有密切关系。  相似文献   

基于地理探测器的喀斯特不同地貌形态类型区土壤侵蚀定量归因（英文）     

王欢  高江波  侯文娟 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,(2):271-286

The formation mechanism and influencing factors identification of soil erosion are the core and frontier issues of current research. However, studies on the multi-factor synthesis are still relatively lacked. In this study, the simulation of soil erosion and its quantitative attribution analysis have been conducted in different geomorphological types in a typical karst basin based on the RUSLE model and the geodetector method. The influencing factors, such as land use type, slope, rainfall, elevation, lithology and vegetation cover, have been taken into consideration. Results show that the strength of association between the six influencing factors and soil erosion was notably different in diverse geomorphological types. Land use type and slope were the dominant factors of soil erosion in the Sancha River Basin, especially for land use type whose power of determinant(q value) for soil erosion was much higher than other factors. The q value of slope declined with the increase of relief in mountainous areas, namely it was ranked as follows: middle elevation hill> small relief mountain> middle relief mountain. Multi-factors interactions were proven to significantly strengthen soil erosion, particularly for the combination of land use type with slope, which can explain 70% of soil erosion distribution. It can be found that soil erosion in the same land use type with different slopes(such as dry land with slopes of 5° and above 25°) or in the diverse land use types with the same slope(such as dry land and forest with a slope of 5°), varied much. These indicate that prohibiting steep slope cultivation and Grain for Green Project are reasonable measures to control soil erosion in karst areas. Based on statistics of soil erosion difference between diverse stratifications of each influencing factor, results of risk detector suggest that the amount of stratification combinations with significant difference accounted for 55% at least in small relief mountain and middle relief mountainous areas. Therefore, the spatial heterogeneity of soil erosion and its influencing factors in different geomorphological types should be investigated to control karst soil loss more effectively.  相似文献   

Simulating runoff generation and its spatial correlation with environmental factors in Sancha River Basin: The southern source of the Wujiang River     

Hou  Wenjuan  Gao  Jiangbo 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(3):432-448

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Runoff generation is an important part of water retention service, and also plays an important role on soil and water retention. Under the background of the...  相似文献   

滇东断陷盆地南洞岩溶地下水系统地下河水文动态特征与资源量评价     

赵一  李衍青  李军  刘鹏  蓝芙宁 《地球学报》2021,42(3):324-332

本文对滇东断陷盆地南洞岩溶地下水系统各地下河的水文动态特征进行了分析,推断了南洞岩溶地下水系统的结构特征.根据岩性构造、地下河发育以及补径排关系,将其划分为四个子系统.分别采用降雨入渗系数法和径流模数法对南洞岩溶地下水系统的天然资源量进行计算,计算结果分别为35610.7万m3/a和33460.2万m3/a.用枯季径流...  相似文献   

泰山北翼岩溶含水介质分布及地下水循环规律研究     

孙斌  李常锁  魏善明  丁冠涛  郭秀军  高帅  刘春伟  杨振华 《地质学报》2024,98(2):579-590

为了深入认识济南岩溶泉水及地热水循环过程,本文以泰山北翼碳酸盐岩含水介质空间分布特征为研究出发点,分析其埋藏条件和连续性特征,并利用数理统计、空间插值、Piper三线图、概念模型等方法,结合水动力场、水化学场、水温度场和水年龄场“四场”分析,揭示区域地下水循环规律。结果表明：地表分水岭与齐广断裂、禹王山断裂、聊考断裂等深大断裂控制了泰山北翼地区岩溶含水介质空间展布,大致呈现由南向北埋藏深度逐渐增大的变化趋势,受马山断裂、东坞断裂、文祖断裂等次级断裂影响岩溶含水介质上下盘有不同错动,但东西展布仍具有较好连续性;区域地下水循环过程极其复杂,泰山岩群、寒武纪及奥陶纪各类含水岩组通过排泄 渗漏、断裂垂向径流、水平地下径流等形式发生水流交汇,并在山前局部地区与第四纪松散孔隙水产生水量交换,最终通过泉或人工开采形式排泄。区域地下水流具有统一的“四场”,并且呈现明显的水平与垂向分带特征,大致沿东阿断裂及其延长线—吴家堡—华山—章丘区—淄博磁村一线划分冷泉与地热水的分界线,以600 m、1000 m划分出浅、中、深循环深度分界线;冷泉以浅循环为主,中、深循环为辅,地下水矿化度、温度、年龄偏低,而地热水以中、深循环为主,浅循环为辅,地下水矿化度、温度、年龄偏大。不同含水介质水流具有一定内在关联,构成一个完整的岩溶水系统。  相似文献