疏降地下水引起地面塌陷浅析--以淮南煤矿区为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

许光泉  沈慧珍 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(4):64-68

以淮南西部矿区为例，介绍了该地区自20世纪60年代开采煤矿以来，由于疏降地下水，引起的地面塌陷。为了研究灰岩水动力场规律，先后在该区进行多时段、多水平放水试验。研究表明，覆盖粘土层、岩溶及人工疏降地下水，是该地区岩溶塌陷形成的基本条件。通过对粘土盖层性质、疏降地下水岩溶塌陷演化过程及塌陷机理与对应阶段过程综合分析，结合区域地质条件，掌握了塌陷点的分布规律。对目前西部地区塌陷“复活”、整治及未来城市规划，提出了建设性建议。  相似文献   

陕西渭北东部岩溶水环境同位素   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张茂省  党学亚  喻胜虎 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(5):46-50

陕西渭北东部岩溶水系统是一个复杂的地下水系统，碳酸盐岩大面积隐伏与深埋。使用传统手段和方法勘查岩溶地下水和研究可持续开发利用方案遇到诸多困难，不仅费时，而且耗资大。本文通过系统分析研究陕西渭北东部地区岩溶地下水T、D、^180、^14C环境同位素特征，揭示岩溶水的补给迳流排泄条件、岩溶水系统边界性质以及岩溶水与黄河洛河地表水、黄河岩溶泉与洛河岩溶泉之间的补排关系。结果显示环境同位素方法简便有效，能够达到预期目的。  相似文献   

三峡库区泥灰质岩石斜坡带构造对岩溶地质灾害的控制机理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张加桂 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(6):43-47

三峡库区三叠系巴东组(T26)泥灰质岩石岩溶是移民迁建中发现的重大工程地质问题。泥灰质岩石中的构造非常复杂，包括老构造、新构造和表生构造，它们共同控制了岩溶作用。老构造中，褶皱和断裂带等局部构造控制着岩溶的重要部位和重要层位，节理和层理等小构造使岩溶普遍存在。新构造时期地表隆升和河流切割使岩体卸荷松动，岩溶通道扩宽。表生岩溶构造加密了岩溶通道，使岩溶作用增强。三峡库区泥灰质岩石斜坡带地质灾害形成的机理遵循着构造控制下岩溶发育的规律性，致使岩溶地质灾害具有范围广、规模大和结构复杂的特点。岩溶地质灾害的形式包括地面不均匀沉降、地裂缝、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流和地面塌陷。  相似文献   

正交法在注浆材料优化设计中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

杨秀竹王星华  雷金山 《探矿工程》2004,31(3):7-9

应用正交试验设计法，对粘土固化浆液的配比进行了优化，得到了最佳配比，并将其应用于洛湛铁路益娄段岩溶路基的注浆加固，收到了很好的整治效果。  相似文献   

高坪-吉心段公路喀斯特工程地质综合勘察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜友生  刘玉山  王国斌 《山地学报》2004,22(3):343-346

以沪蓉国道主干线湖北省高坪-吉心段的喀斯特地质勘察工作为例，探讨喀斯特地区公路工程地质综合勘察的基本方法。在喀斯特地区运用遥感和地理信息技术技术、地质测绘、综合物探以及地质钻探等勘察手段，通过综合分析各种勘探成果，能够较准确地查明可溶岩的分布、喀斯特形态类型、分布规律、控制因素以及喀斯特水的赋存、分布和运移规律等，并根据不同的喀斯特地貌提出了有针对性的处理对策。通过不断的实践和经验总结。针对喀斯特工程地质问题合理运用综合工程勘察方法，能做出科学的分析评价，可以适应喀斯特区公路建设的需要，并且供今后在喀斯特地区修建公路时参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

The influence of land use change on karst water quality of Shuicheng Basin in Guizhou Province     

JIA Yanan  YUAN Daoxian 《地理学报》2004,14(2):143-150

The influence of land use and land cover on ecological environment is a focus of global change research. The paper chooses an industrial city-Shuicheng in Guizhou Province-as a study area because the karst water quality around the city is deteriorating with land use and land cover change. The natural susceptibility of karst water system is an important factor leading to karst water pollution. But land use and land cover change is also a main factor according to the chemical analysis of karst water quality and land use change. So it is a good way to protect karst water through rational planning and managing of land use and land cover.  相似文献   

Origin of the salt valleys in the Canyonlands section of the Colorado Plateau: Evaporite-dissolution collapse versus tectonic subsidence     

F. Gutirrez 《Geomorphology》2004,57(3-4):423-435

The salt valleys over the axis of the salt-cored anticlines in the Paradox fold and fault belt (Canyonlands, Utah and Colorado) are created by subsidence of the anticline crests. Traditionally, the collapse of the anticlinal crests was attributed to dissolution of the salt walls (diapirs) forming the anticline cores. Recent studies based on scaled physical models and field observations propose that the salt valleys are a result of regional extension and that salt dissolution had only a minor influence in the development of the axial depressions. This paper presents several arguments and lines of evidence that refute the tectonic model and support the salt dissolution subsidence interpretation.The development of contractional structures in salt dissolution experiments led the advocates of the tectonic interpretation to reject the dissolution-induced subsidence explanation. However, these salt dissolution models do not reproduce the karstification of salt walls in a realistic way, since their analog involves removal of salt from the base of the diapirs during the experiments. Additionally, numerous field examples and laboratory models conducted by other authors indicate that brittle subsidence in karst settings is commonly controlled by subvertical gravity faults.Field evidence against the regional extension model includes (1) a thick cap rock at the top of the salt walls, (2) the concentration of subsidence deformation structures along the crest of the anticlines (salt walls), (3) deformational structures not consistent with the proposed NNE extension, like crestal synforms and NE–SW grabens, (4) dissolution-induced subsidence structures controlled by ring faulting, revealing deep-seated dissolution, (5) large blocks foundered several hundred meters into the salt wall, (6) evidence of recent and active dissolution subsidence, and (7) the aseismic nature of the recently active collapse faults. Although underground salt dissolution seems to be the main cause for the generation of the salt valleys, this phenomenon may have been favored by regional extension tectonics that enhance the circulation of groundwater and salt dissolution.  相似文献   

Hydrogeochemistry of karst underground waters at shallow depth in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province     

董志芬  朱立军吴攀沈峥  封志勇 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(2):194-200

The aim of this study is to shed light on the hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst underground waters at shallow depth in Guiyang City, Guizhou Province with an emphasis on the geochemistry of major elements. Guiyang City bears abundant underground waters and it is also an important representative of the karst areas throughout the world. Ca^2 and Mg^2 are the dominant cations, accounting for 81% -99.7% of the total, and HCO3^- and SO4^2- are the dominant anions. Weathering of limestones and dolostones is the most important factor controlling the hydrogeochemistry of underground waters, and weathering of sulfate and evaporite rocks is less important. Moreover, the precipitation and human activities also have a definite influence on the hydrogeoehemistry of underground waters in the region studied.  相似文献   

Erratic judgements: re-evaluating solutional erosion rates of limestones using erratic-pedestal sites, including Norber, Yorkshire     

H S Goldie 《Area》2005,37(4):433-442

The re-interpretation of surface karst landforms in Northern England has led to a re-examination of well-known erratic-pedestal sites that were the origin for karst denudation rates applied extensively, on the supposition that erratics protect underlying limestone from rainwater solution. Height of the pedestal has been used to calculate long-term solutional-lowering, as much as 50 cm in 15 ka (33.3 mm/ka) from UK sites. The sites include Norber and Scar Close, Yorkshire, UK. This paper shows that the sites have been misinterpreted, in particular at Norber where the erratics lie on a pre-existing structurally stepped surface. Norber and several other sites also experience much mechanical weathering, in relatively weak, well-fractured limestones, a process which must be distinguished from solution. Sites in strong, less-fractured limestones demonstrate lower rates, which are sounder indications of land surface lowering. Some pedestals have been confirmed as partly resulting from solutional weathering in surrounding soil and vegetation. Re-evaluation reduces solution rates to 3–13 cm in 15 ka. Applying such rates has profound implications for understanding limestone landscapes, challenging orthodox views.  相似文献   

桂林地区岩溶水87Sr/86Sr特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王涛  王增银 《地球学报》2005,26(Z1):299-302

锶是岩石圈上部含量最大的微量元素，其元素及其同位素化学性质都比较稳定。不同水岩作用条件下，锶元素含量及其同位素值都不一样。本文通过对桂林地区的两个典型岩溶地下河系统不同类型地下水样87Sr/86Sr值和Sr含量的分析，得出；流经不同岩层的地下水其87Sr/86Sr值和Sr含量不同，同一地下河系统中不同类型地下水的87Sr/86Sr值Sr含量不同，其值的差异由岩性和水岩作用决定。说明87Sr/86Sr值能反映地下水的形成、径流和混合作用，是较理想的示踪剂，在岩溶水研究中具有很广阔的应用前景。  相似文献