Impact of sub-pixel heterogeneity on modelled brightness temperature for an agricultural region     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2016

Knowledge of sub-pixel heterogeneity, particularly at the passive microwave scale, can improve the brightness temperature (and ultimately the soil moisture) estimation. However, the impact of surface heterogeneity (in terms of soil moisture, soil temperature and vegetation water content) on brightness temperature in an agricultural setting is relatively unknown. The Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment 2012 (SMAPVEX12) provided an opportunity to evaluate sub-pixel heterogeneity at the scale of a Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) or the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) radiometer footprint using field measured data. The first objective of this study was to determine if accounting for surface heterogeneity reduced the error between estimated brightness temperature (T_b) and T_b measured by SMOS. It was found that when accounting for variation in surface soil moisture, temperature and vegetation water content within the pixel footprint, the error between the modelled T_b and the measured T_b was less than if a homogeneous pixel were modelled. The correlation between the surface parameters and the error associated with not accounting for surface heterogeneity were investigated. It was found that there was low to moderate correlation between the error and the coefficient of variance associated with the measured soil moisture, soil temperature and vegetation volumetric water content during the field campaign. However, it was found that the correlations changed depending on the stage of vegetation growth and the amount of time following a precipitation event. At the start of the field campaign (following a precipitation event), there was strong correlation between the error and all three surface parameters (r ≥ 0.75). Following a precipitation event close to the middle of the field campaign (during which there was rapid growth in vegetation), there was strong correlation between the error and the variability in vegetation water content (r = 0.89), moderate correlation with soil moisture (r = 0.61) and low correlation with soil temperature (r = 0.26).  相似文献   

顾及拓扑一致性的水系三维曲线化简     

刘民士  龙毅  费立凡 《测绘学报》2016,45(4):494-501

鉴于常规曲线化简方法应用于水系曲线化简时难以顾及水系要素的三维特征及其拓扑关系,本文提出了一种顾及拓扑一致性的水系三维曲线化简方法。该方法首先对D-P算法进行三维扩展,实现水系中单条河流三维曲线化简,然后构建水系树结构表达其拓扑关系,最后按照水系树的层次顺序依次进行河流曲线化简和干流与支流的拓扑关系重构。试验结果表明,该方法化简精度高,既能保持水系的三维形态特征,又能保证河流交汇处的拓扑一致性。  相似文献   

清水河流域1978-2010年土地利用变化时空特征     

周秋文  韦小茶  许幼霞  周旭  张继  梁建方 《测绘工程》2016,25(11):12-17

通过对1978年、1998年和2010年3期遥感影像目视解译获得3期土地利用数据,分析清水河流域1978－2010年土地利用变化时空特征。研究表明：清水河流域1978－2010年期间,农用地、难利用地面积持续减少,林地、建设用地面积持续增加,草地面积先有所减少后增多,除林地以外其它土地类型变化幅度后期都较前期大;流域土地利用转移方向主要是农用地转为低、中、高覆盖度草地、林地和建设用地,中覆盖度草地转为低、高覆盖度草地和林地,低覆盖度草地转为中、高覆盖度草地、林地。结果表明,近年来清水河流域水土保持措施效果明显。  相似文献   

基于 Flex 的市级国土资源综合监管平台设计与实现     

邓超  程钢  肖金城  刘洪岐  王丹 《测绘工程》2016,25(8):70-75

采用Flex技术,基于NewMap Server进行WebGIS系统的开发,设计并实现呼伦贝尔市级国土资源"一张图"信息监管平台。系统克服数据来源多样、数据格式异构、数据基准不一致等问题,实现土地利用、矿产、地籍等多种数据的复合显示、查询、分析、输出、国土综合应用等功能,为国土管理部门提供管理、决策服务。  相似文献   

遥感与地球系统科学   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

施建成  雷永荟 《遥感学报》2016,20(5):827-831

地球作为一个高度复杂的非线性系统,各圈层(大气、海洋、陆地、生物、冰雪圈、固体地球)尤其是人类活动等任何组成成份的变化,都会引起地球系统的变化。人类可持续发展面临的巨大科学挑战之一是认识人类赖以生存的、复杂变化的地球系统,认识地球系统如何变化及主要驱动因素,认识地球系统未来变化趋势及如何提高对全球变化的适应能力。卫星独特的全球覆盖和日尺度的观测改变了地球科学的研究方法,它强调所能探测到的多时空尺度上的物理动力过程,在全球范围应对气候变化、能源和环境挑战具有重要作用,揭开了地球系统多学科交叉的新纪元。以地球系统的视野,抓住驱动地球系统的关键循环过程(如能量、水、生物化学循环),是当前地球系统科学的发展趋势。地球系统科学(全球变化)研究需要长期稳定、准确性较高的卫星观测数据,以水循环为例,卫星遥感具备获取全球范围水循环关键参数能力,但是系统性综合观测能力不足,整体精确性受到综合化的可靠空间数据集的限制。目前中国正在积极研制发展新型水循环卫星WCOM(Water Cycle Observation Misssion),并寄希望以此为核心传感器发起全球分布式水循环观测星座系统,进一步提高中国在国际水循环观测与地球系统科学研究方面的话语权与领先能力。  相似文献   

水质关键因素光谱遥感监测技术分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

崔爱红  董广军  周亚文  袁汝青 《测绘科学》2016,41(11):61-65,141

针对传统水体水质分析方法过度依赖于实地测量和实验室化学分析,需要耗费大量人力物力且效率不高的问题,从水质遥感监测数据获取手段、典型反演监测模型、不同水体光谱遥感监测应用状况、水质遥感监测技术应用及前景等方面分析归纳了使用遥感技术监测水质的新方法。从可用数据类型、数据特征等方面对水质遥感监测数据获取的3种主要手段进行了比较;从复杂程度、使用场景、优缺点等方面对4种典型的反演模型进行了归纳;对遥感数据和模型在Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类水体应用中的常用组合方式进行了分析总结。  相似文献   

面向蓝藻的洱海气象监测站布局方法     

吴玉杰  卜方玲  陈莉琼  方新  付静 《测绘科学》2016,41(7):104-108,114

针对洱海流域蓝藻预警研究所需的气象数据不足的问题,提出洱海气象监测站优化布局方法,采用环境影响统计概念模型分析了对环境产生影响的主要经济因素,根据水体污染指标将洱海各个行政区分为高污染区和低污染区,再考虑汇入洱海支流是否流经高污染区,认为在高污染区支流汇入口是蓝藻发生概率较高的区域。依据2个主要参数:区域污染程度和支流入口,部署气象监测站,该监测站能为洱海蓝藻预警研究提供必要、准确和可靠的水面气温、降雨量以及日照长度等气象参数,将对水环境的监测和研究具有重大意义和广泛应用前景。  相似文献   

Monitoring of water stress in wheat using multispectral indices derived from Landsat-TM     

Nitika Dangwal  N.R. Patel  Mamta Kumari  S.K. Saha 《国际地球制图》2016,31(6):682-693

Detection of crop water stress is crucial for efficient irrigation water management. Potential of Satellite data to provide spatial and temporal dynamics of crop growth conditions makes it possible to monitor crop water stress at regional level. This study was conducted in parts of western Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Multi-temporal Landsat data were used for detecting wheat crop water stress using vegetation indices (VIs), viz. vegetation water stress index (VWSI) and land surface wetness index water stress factor (Ws_LSWI). The estimated water stress from satellite data-based VIs was validated by water stress factor (Ws) derived from flux-tower data. The study observed Ws_LSWI to be better index for water stress detection. The results indicated that Ws_LSWI was superior over other index showing RMSE = 0.12, R² = 0.65, whereas VWSI showed overestimated values with mean RD 4%.  相似文献   

Deciphering As and Cu cycling in sediment pore waters in a large marina (Port Camargue,southern France) using a multi-tracer (Fe,Mn, U,Mo) approach     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

The sediments of the Port Camargue marina (South of France) are highly polluted by Cu and As (Briant et al., 2013). The dynamics of these pollutants in pore waters was investigated using redox tracers (sulfides, Fe, Mn, U, Mo) to better constrain the redox conditions.In summer, pore water profiles showed a steep redox gradient in the top 24 cm with the reduction of Fe and Mn oxy-hydroxides at the sediment water interface (SWI) and of sulfate immediately below. Below a depth of 24 cm, the Fe, Mn, Mo and U profiles in pore waters reflected Fe and Mn reducing conditions and, unlike in the overlying levels, sulfidic conditions were not observed. This unusual redox zonation was attributed to the occurrence of two distinct sediment layers: an upper layer comprising muddy organic-rich sediments underlain by a layer of relatively sandy and organic-poor sediments. The sandy sediments were in place before the building of the marina, whereas the muddy layer was deposited later. In the muddy layer, large quantities of Fe and Mo were removed in summer linked to the formation of insoluble sulfide phases. Mn, which can adsorb on Fe-sulfides or precipitate with carbonates, was also removed from pore waters. Uranium was removed probably through reduction and adsorption onto particles. In winter, in the absence of detectable pore water sulfides, removal of Mo was moderate compared to summer.Cu was released into solution at the sediment water interface but was efficiently trapped by the muddy layer, probably by precipitation with sulfides. Due to efficient trapping, today the Cu sediment profile reflects the increase in its use as a biocide in antifouling paints over the last 40 years.In the sandy layer, Fe, Mn, Mo and As were released into solution and diffused toward the top of the profile. They precipitated at the boundary between the muddy and sandy layers. This precipitation accounts for the high (75 μg g⁻¹) As concentrations measured in the sediments at a depth of 24 cm.  相似文献   

青藏高原地区云水时空变化特征及其与降水的联系   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

伯玥  王艺  李嘉敏  王澄海 《冰川冻土》2016,(6):1679-1690

利用1984-2009年ISCCP的云量、云光学厚度(COT)、云水路径(CWP)资料,分析了青藏高原云水的分布特征、变化趋势,及其与夏秋季降水、冬春季降雪的联系.结果表明:青藏高原地区大气中的云水有着显著的季节变化与水平分布差异;青藏高原春夏季总云量、高云云量高于秋冬季,CWP、COT与总云量的分布特征具有较好的一致性.高原云量高值区位于喀喇昆仑山与高原东南部;可可西里地区由于羌塘高压的下沉作用为云量低值区.青藏高原总云量在1984-2009年间呈现减少趋势;而CWP在高原总体以增加为主,但在各区域上的变化不一致,高原东部CWP增加而西部出现较弱的减小,这与来自孟加拉湾的水汽输送增加有关.青藏高原中东部地区夏秋季降水受云量减少影响较小而与CWP的增加相一致呈增长趋势;该地区冬春季降雪略有减少,与总云量的年际变化具有正相关.  相似文献