Pb、Sr、Nd同位素体系在石油定年与成因示踪研究中的应用   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

涂湘林  朱炳泉  张景廉  刘颖  刘菊英  施泽恩 《地球化学》1997,26(2):57-67

通过对新疆乌尔禾、塔里木盆地印干村等地和贵州西部地区的沥青与干酪根的Ｐｂ－Ｓｒ－Ｎｄ同位素分析工作，对固体同位素在石油与沥青的形成时代及成因方面的研究进行了讨论。根据Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ等时线，塔里木干酪根岩的形成时代为（６３０±１５０）Ｍａ和（４５７±１３０）Ｍａ；根据Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时线，乌尔禾沥青形成于（２８６±１２）Ｍａ，印干村沥青形成于（８５２±２１０）Ｍａ。在成因研究方面，干酪根岩代表了表壳岩的同位素体系特征，而沥青的同位素体系特征表明其与深部来源有关：乌尔禾沥青的来源与再循环地幔源有关，而塔里木的沥青则来源于下地壳。  相似文献   

Hydrocarbon source rock variability within the Austin Chalk and Eagle Ford Shale (Upper Cretaceous), East Texas, U.S.A.     

C. R. Robison   《International Journal of Coal Geology》1997,34(3-4)

The Austin Chalk and Eagle Ford Shale are Upper Cretaceous deposits that extend across Texas from the northeast to southwest. These formations contain organic carbon enriched mudstones and chalks that were deposited during transgressions of the Cretaceous epeiric sea in North America. Recent workers in petroleum geochemistry have demonstrated that these organic enriched rocks possessed attributes common to oil source rocks. The present study of these Austin Chalk and Eagle Ford Shale rocks is from the perspective of organic petrology, and it augments the earlier geochemical work that documented source variability within units of these formations. As with the earlier work, the results of this study show that both formations contain intervals that are, when mature, capable of generating commercial quantities of liquid hydrocarbons. However, this work further revealed that Eagle Ford rocks not only exhibit greater or ganic carbon contents, but also have greater quantities of oil-prone kerogen (fluorescent amorphinite and exinite) when compared with rocks from the Austin Chalk. These source rock differences relate to levels or degrees of organic preservation. Dysaerobic to oxic depositional settings seem to be more characteristic of the Austin Chalk than of the Eagle Ford Shale. Such oxic environments do not consistently favor the preservation of organic matter. Usually, well-preserved kerogen forms under more anoxic conditions, such as those that occurred during deposition of some Eagle Ford units. These anoxic conditions suggest that the geographically more extensive Eagle Ford Shale is a more important source for oil than is the Austin Chalk.  相似文献   

Determining the Main Gas-generation Phase of Marine Organic Matters in Different Occurrence States using the Kinetic Method     

Wang Yunpeng  Zhao Changyi  Wang Zhaoyun  Wang Hongjun  Zou Yanrong  Liu Jinzhong  Zhao Wenzhi  Liu Dehan  Lu Jialan 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(1):197-205

This paper probes the determination of the main gas-generation phase of marine organic mattes using the kinetic method. The main gas-generation phase of marine organic matters was determined by coupling the gas generation yields and rates in geological history computed by the acquired kinetic parameters of typical marine organic matters （reservoir oil, residual bitumen, lowmaturity kerogen and residual kerogen） in both China and abroad and maturity by the EasyRo（%） method. Here, the main gas-generation phase was determined as Ro%=1.4%-2.4% for type Ⅰ kerogen, Ro%=1.5-3.0% for low-maturity type Ⅱ kerogen, Ro%=1.4-2.8% for residual kerogen, Ro%=1.5-3.2% for residual bitumen and Ro%=1.6-3.2% for reservoir oil cracking. The influences on the main gas-generation phase from the openness of the simulated system and the ＂dead line＂ of natural gas generation are also discussed. The results indicate that the openness of simulation system has a definite influence on computing the main gas-generation phase. The main gas-generation phase of type Ⅱ kerogen is Ro%=1.4-3.1% in an open system, which is earlier than that in a closed system. According to our results, the ＂dead line＂ of natural gas generation is determined as Ro=3.5 % for type Ⅰ kerogen, Ro=4.4-4.5% for type Ⅱ kerogen and Ro=4.6% for marine oil. Preliminary applications are presented taking the southwestern Tarim Basin as an example.  相似文献   

渤海莱州湾凹陷不同类型烃源岩活化能影响因素分析     

王波  张铜耀  史长林  王晓东  宋建坤  程焱  刘博阳  李阔 《地质力学学报》2022,28(3):492-500

选取不同干酪根类型的低熟烃源岩作为剖析对象,从干酪根类型、干酪根中有机硫含量、可溶有机质和黏土矿物对烃源岩活化能的影响进行研究,结果表明:Ⅱ₁和Ⅰ干酪根活化能分布范围窄,Ⅱ₂和Ⅲ干酪根活化能分布范围宽,干酪根平均活化能Ⅲ>Ⅱ₂>Ⅰ>Ⅱ₁;有机硫含量高的干酪根平均活化能低,有机硫对烃源岩生烃起催化作用;可溶有机质的存在影响烃源岩平均活化能的大小和分布特征,可溶有机质分布在活化能低值区间,对烃源岩生烃起催化作用;烃源岩黏土矿物中伊/蒙混层含量高,平均活化能高;伊利石含量高,平均活化能低,伊利石对烃源岩生烃起催化作用。   相似文献   

渝东南下志留统龙马溪组页岩有机质孔隙发育特征:基于聚焦离子束氦离子显微镜(FIB-HIM)技术     

王朋飞  姜振学  金璨  吕鹏  李鑫  张昆  王凯  黄璞 《现代地质》2019,33(4):902-910

页岩中的有机质孔隙对烃类气体的赋存至关重要。为了明确渝东南下志留统龙马溪组页岩的有机质孔隙发育特征,使用聚焦离子束氦离子显微镜(FIB-HIM)技术进行观察。FIB-HIM具有极高的分辨率,分辨精度可达到亚纳米级,能够有效识别直径为0~20 nm的孔隙。结果表明:龙马溪组页岩的焦沥青内部发育大量的有机质孔隙,孔隙直径大,连通性好,大量较小直径的孔隙嵌套在直径较大的有机质孔隙中,增加了页岩有机质孔隙系统的比表面积和孔隙连通性,有利于烃类气体在页岩有机质孔隙内的赋存及有效渗流。龙马溪组页岩的固体干酪根内部有机质孔隙的发育特征与焦沥青相比存在较大差别,固体干酪根内部发育的有机质孔隙数量少,孔隙直径小,连通性差,孔隙多呈孤立状存在于固体干酪根内部。  相似文献   

地外有机化合物   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨晶  林杨挺  欧阳自远 《地学前缘》2014,21(6):165-187

球粒陨石中的有机化合物起源于星际介质,是构成太阳星云的初始组分,并与其他物质一起吸积形成小行星和行星。在小行星内,有机质经历了不同程度的水蚀变和热变质作用。球粒陨石中的有机化合物尽管是非生命成因,但组成极为复杂,主要是类似于干酪根的大分子物质,以及少量可溶性有机物。大部分可溶有机分子也发现于地球生物圈,但前者可具有完全不同的H、C、N等同位素组成,这也是它们来源于地球之外的重要证据。星云中宇宙线和紫外线（UV）的辐射、小行星的热变质和水蚀变,是地外有机质演化的主要过程。球粒陨石中的有机质是地球生命起源的物质基础,是生命起源不可或缺的重要环节。同样重要的是,大量的火星探测表明,火星历史上有过满足生命存在的基本条件,而在火星陨石中还发现了一些生物活动相关的线索。未来很可能首先在火星上发现地外生命存在的证据。  相似文献   

海相烃源岩有机显微组分的样品前处理方法     

刘文斌  胡凯  蒋小琼  李志明  张蓓  秦建中 《煤田地质与勘探》2008,36(2):6-10

常规的干酪根处理方法对烃源岩样品中有机质有一定的破坏作用,特别是对含大量浮游生物和动物碎屑的海相烃源岩更是如此,从而对烃源岩中显微组分成因的判识造成人为的困扰。通过反复实验,并对比分析常规干酪根和全岩光薄片处理效果,发现在海相烃源岩干酪根处理过程中将烃源岩样品手工简单破碎,采用弱酸处理,可以较大限度地保持海相烃源岩中有机质的完整性,对有机岩石学研究较为合适。   相似文献   

Glacial to Holocene terrigenous organic matter input to sediments from Orca Basin, Gulf of Mexico — A combined optical and biomarker approach     

A.N. Meckler  C.J. Schubert  P.A. Hochuli  B. Plessen  D. Birgel  B.P. Flower  K.-U. Hinrichs  G.H. Haug   《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):251-263

In this study we assessed changes in the contribution of terrigenous organic matter (OM) to the Gulf of Mexico over the course of the last deglaciation (the last 25 kyr). To this end, we combined optical kerogen analyses with bulk sedimentary, biomarker, and compound-specific carbon isotope analyses. Samples were obtained from core MD02-2550 from Orca Basin (2249 m water depth at 26°56.77N, 91°20.74W) with temporal resolution ranging from multi-decadal to millennial-scale, depending on the proxy. All proxies confirmed larger terrigenous input during glacial times compared to the Holocene. In addition, the kerogen analyses suggest that much of the glacial OM is reworked (at least 50% of spores and pollen grains and 40% of dinoflagellate cysts). The Holocene sediments, in contrast, contain mainly marine OM, which is exceptionally well preserved. During the deglaciation, terrigenous input was generally high due to large meltwater fluxes, whereby discrepancies between different proxies call for additional influences, such as the change in distance to the river mouth, local productivity changes, and hydrodynamic particle sorting. It is possible that kerogen particles and the terrigenous biomarkers studied here represent distinct pools of land-derived OM with inputs varying independently.  相似文献   

The transmittance color index of amorphous organic matter: a thermal maturity indicator for petroleum source rocks     

C. R. Robison  P. van Gijzel  L. M. Darnell 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2000,43(1-4)

Since the mid-1980s, Texaco has used the transmittance color index (TCI) of amorphous kerogen as an indicator of kerogen thermal maturation. The technique simply involves the direct measurement of a white-light spectrum as it is transmitted through a particle of amorphous organic matter (AOM). In brief, TCI values are obtained by the analysis of white light originating from a 100-W 6-V tungsten lamp attached to a photometric microscope. The assignment of particular TCI values is based on the increasing curvature of spectra with increasing maturity. TCI curves shift from an average wavelength around 580 nm for samples of immature, amorphous kerogen (i.e., material with a mean, random vitrinite reflectance of about 0.20%) to about 660 nm for samples containing very dark brown to some black particulate material (i.e., kerogen with a mean, random vitrinite reflectance of about 2.15%). The range of TCI values covers all zones of petroleum generation and preservation. In our opinion, TCI can provide as accurate a basis for maturation interpretations as is available from vitrinite reflectance (or from the mean random reflectance of some zooclasts, such as graptolites and chitinozoans), or the widely used visual estimate the thermal alteration index (TAI) or the similarly determined conodont color index (CAI). TCI is probably most useful, however, in those situations where the rocks to be examined have not yet reached the semianthricite coalification stage (≈2.0% vitrinite reflectance).  相似文献   

压力对高硫干酪根轻烃产率的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

邹艳荣  刘金钟  彭平安 《地球化学》2000,29(5):431-434

采用金管－高压釜体系对江汉盆地高硫干酪根进行了热解,用氘代正构烷烃作标样,色谱－质谱定量。实验结果表明,压力增加,ｎＣ６和轻烃（ｎＣ６￣ｎＣ１４）的产率明显增加;而对ｎＣ１５和沥青的产率未发现有显著影响。  相似文献