华北克拉通基底花岗质片麻岩变形和流变学研究——以辽西寺儿堡地区为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李婧  刘永江  李伟民  金巍  梁琛岳  温泉波  张媛媛 《大地构造与成矿学》2016,(5):891-907

辽西寺儿堡镇新太古代花岗质片麻岩内发育的宏观、微观构造变形特征表明该地区曾遭受了强烈的韧性变形改造。花岗质岩石变形程度在初糜棱岩–糜棱岩之间,岩石经历了SWW向左行剪切作用改造。岩石中石英有限应变测量判别结果表明,构造岩类型为L-S型,为平面应变。岩石的剪应变平均值为1.43,运动学涡度值为0.788~0.829,指示岩石形成于以简单剪切为主的一般剪切变形中。此外,石英颗粒以亚颗粒旋转重结晶和颗粒边界迁移重结晶作用为主,长石颗粒塑性拉长,部分发生膨凸式重结晶作用;石英组构特征(EBSD)揭示石英以中–高温柱面滑移为主;石英颗粒边界具有明显的分形特征,分形维数值为1.151~1.201,指示了中高温变形条件。综合石英、长石的变形行为、石英组构特征以及分形法Kruhl温度计的判别结果,推断辽西寺儿堡镇新太古代花岗质片麻岩经历过480~600℃的中高温变形,其同构造变质相为高绿片岩相-低角闪岩相。花岗质岩石的古差异应力为10.62~12.21 MPa,估算的应变速率为10~(–11.67)~10~(–13.34) s~(–1),即缓慢的变形,可能记录早期中高温、低应变速率的韧性变形过程,反映华北克拉通基底中下部地壳变形特征。  相似文献   

基于稳态碎岩方式的PDC钻头设计分析研究     

汤凤林  沈中华  段隆臣  彭莉  柳少青  Чихоткин В.Ф. 《探矿工程》2018,45(1):73-78

自从20世纪80年代PDC复合片研发成功以来,PDC钻头由于其钻进性能强和耐磨性能好,在世界许多国家的石油钻井和地质勘探中得到了广泛应用,取得了很好的效果。但是,如何进一步提高其在钻探工程中的技术经济指标是一个很迫切的问题。俄罗斯博士Скоромных В. В.教授等对此进行多年研究,提出了稳态破碎岩石方式的思想,即在轴载和扭矩切力形成的合力R与切削面成垂直角度条件下,切入深度h不变时形成的一种碎岩方式。并在此基础上提出了一些设计PDC钻头方面的建议。  相似文献   

基于雷电监测资料的南充市雷电灾害风险区划研究          下载免费PDF全文

杨崧令  李文明  卜俊伟  何俊峰 《高原山地气象研究》2019,39(1):81-86

选取闪电密度、雷暴日、经济损失风险、生命损失风险等作为各县(市、区)雷电灾害易损性评估指标;并在此基础上,建立雷电灾害评估体系,对各县(市、区)的雷灾易损性进行了综合评价,进行区划分析。基于南充市雷电监测数据和人文经济指标而制作的全市雷电灾害风险区划,可以为全市雷电灾害防御提供科学依据,能有效降低因雷电灾害带来的生命财产损失和社会影响,提高灾害天气预报、预警能力,提升气象防灾减灾能力。基于南充市雷电监测数据而统计出的闪电密度、雷暴日数更具客观性。  相似文献   

同位素水化学指示的新疆孔雀河流域地下水与地表水关系     

张俊  尹立河  顾小凡  李瑛  杨炳超  姜军  贾伍慧  谢万兵  王拓  唐小平  董佳秋  王倩  常亮 《西北地质》2021,(1):185-195

地下水是孔雀河流域农业灌溉的主要水源之一,其对本地区经济发展的支撑作用日益增强.为实现孔雀河流域水资源合理开发和生态保护,采用环境同位素和水化学方法,研究了孔雀河流域地下水与地表水关系.结果表明:地下水的主要补给来源为河水.含水层成因类型和现代河道分布共同控制着孔雀河流域地下咸淡水的空间分布格局;氢氧稳定同位素对不同水...  相似文献   

Performance of small-scale irrigation schemes in Lake Tana Basin of Ethiopia: technical and socio-political attributes     

Abebech Abera  Niko E.C. Verhoest  Seifu A. Tilahun  Tena Alamirew  Enyew Adgo  Michael M. Moges 《自然地理学》2019,40(3):227-251

This study was conducted to investigate technical and socio-political attributes that lead to the underperformance of two selected irrigation schemes (Shina and Bebeks) in the Lake Tana floodplains, Ethiopia. Irrigation application efficiency (AE) at nine experimental fields showed a wide range, from 20 to 80%, but was mostly between 40 and 60%. Irrigation water-use efficiency (IWUE) varied from 1.9 to 7.2 kg m^?3 for onion and 0.9 to 1.2 kg m^?3 for maize. The lined and earthen canal conveyance losses in Bebeks were 0.037 and 0.047 l s^?1 m^?1, whereas in Shina they were 0.033 and 0.044 l s^?1 m^?1, respectively. The overall consumed ratio (OCR) of water was 0.58 for Bebeks and varied from 0.73 to 1.2 in Shina. Both schemes are performing below the standard based on technical performance indicators. Irrigation water user associations (WUAs) were not implemented, but irrigation committees (ICs), composed of local political leaders, are managing both schemes. Canal and reservoir sedimentation from erosion of upstream catchment areas during the rainy season was the major problem.  相似文献   

Strain analysis of a seismically imaged mass‐transport complex,offshore Uruguay     

Michael J. Steventon  Christopher A.‐L. Jackson  David M. Hodgson  Howard D. Johnson 《Basin Research》2019,31(3):600-620

Strain style, magnitude and distribution within mass‐transport complexes (MTCs) are important for understanding the process evolution of submarine mass flows and for estimating their runout distances. Structural restoration and quantification of strain in gravitationally driven passive margins have been shown to approximately balance between updip extensional and downdip contractional domains; such an exercise has not yet been attempted for MTCs. We here interpret and structurally restore a shallowly buried (c. 1,500 mbsf) and well‐imaged MTC, offshore Uruguay using a high‐resolution (12.5 m vertical and 15 × 12.5 m horizontal resolution) three‐dimensional seismic‐reflection survey. This allows us to characterise and quantify vertical and lateral strain distribution within the deposit. Detailed seismic mapping and attribute analysis shows that the MTC is characterised by a complicated array of kinematic indicators, which vary spatially in style and concentration. Seismic‐attribute extractions reveal several previously undocumented fabrics preserved in the MTC, including internal shearing in the form of sub‐orthogonal shear zones, and fold‐thrust systems within the basal shear zone beneath rafted‐blocks. These features suggest multiple transport directions and phases of flow during emplacement. The MTC is characterised by a broadly tripartite strain distribution, with extensional (e.g. normal faults), translational and contractional (e.g. folds and thrusts) domains, along with a radial frontally emergent zone. We also show how strain is preferentially concentrated around intra‐MTC rafted‐blocks due to their kinematic interactions with the underlying basal shear zone. Overall, and even when volume loss within the frontally emergent zone is included, a strain difference between extension (1.6–1.9 km) and contraction (6.7–7.3 km) is calculated. We attribute this to a combination of distributed, sub‐seismic, ‘cryptic’ strain, likely related to de‐watering, grain‐scale deformation and related changes in bulk sediment volume. This work has implications for assessing MTCs strain distribution and provides a practical approach for evaluating structural interpretations within such deposits.  相似文献   

荒漠生态质量科学框架:概念、指标、监测及评估（英文）     

乌日娜  丛巍巍  李永华  李思瑶  王冬芳  贾志清  王锋 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,(2):196-201

荒漠生态系统是地球上最大的陆地生态系统,全球四分之一的人口生活在这一区域。清晰地定义荒漠生态系统生态质量,制定反映生态质量优劣的关键监测指标,集成"星–空–地"一体化监测技术、构建综合评价模型可为干旱区生态质量监测、促进区域可持续发展提供技术支撑。荒漠生态质量是指一定时空范围内荒漠生态系统要素、结构和功能的综合特征。该研究通过集成卫星、无人机和地面传感器网络的"星–空–地"一体化监测技术,在区域和站点两个尺度上对荒漠生态系统的生态要素、生物多样性和生态功能进行连续监测,通过标准化生态质量指标数值、厘定其阈值范围,构造判断矩阵建立生态质量综合评价模型,评价荒漠生态系统质量状况。本论文阐明了构建荒漠生态质量动态综合监测技术规范与评价方法的概念框架,为实现我国荒漠生态系统生态质量综合监测、科学诊断和定量评估提供理论基础。  相似文献   

The Scientific Conceptual Framework for Ecological Quality of the Dryland Ecosystem: Concepts,Indicators, Monitoring and Assessment     

WU Rina  CONG Weiwei  LI Yonghua  LI Siyao  WANG Dongfang  JIA Zhiqing  WANG Feng 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2019,10(2):196-201

The dryland ecosystem is the dominant component of the global terrestrial ecosystem since arid regions occupy 45% of the earth’s land area and feed 38% of the world's population. The stability and sustainable development of the dryland ecosystem are critical for achieving the millennium development goal (MDG) in the arid and semiarid areas. However, there is still no scientific guideline for measuring and conserving the health and productivity of dryland ecosystems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop the scientific conceptual framework of defining, monitoring and evaluating the ecological quality of dryland ecosystems. The ecological quality of dryland ecosystems is represented by a system of comprehensive indicators that are each extracted from the ecological elements, and structural and functional indices of the ecosystem. These indicators can be monitored by integrating satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles with ground-based sensor networks at the scale of either observational sites or regional scales. Finally, the ecological quality can be evaluated by evaluation models based on the normalized index values and their thresholds. This paper presents a conceptual framework for monitoring and evaluating the ecological quality of drylands, which provides a way of advancing the monitoring, diagnosis, and evaluation of the ecological quality of the dryland ecosystems.  相似文献   

一种机载GNSS高精度定位算法          下载免费PDF全文

符彦 《全球定位系统》2019,44(2):38-45

提出部分模糊度固定的加权电离层模型提高大范围全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)航空定位的精度、可靠性及连续性.该方法的主要思路包括:自适应调整大气扰动等误差影响以实现短基线与长基线两类解算模式之间的灵活切换;施加虚拟电离层观测约束信息,提高基线动态定位的浮点解精度;采用部分模糊度固定方法有效挖掘若干模糊度参数的整周约束.试验表明,提出的方法可提高模糊固定效率与定位精度,克服传统方法有效观测信息利用率不足、定位精度较差、可靠性不高以及连续性较差的问题.实验结果表明,部分模糊度固定算法可在2 min内固定95%以上宽巷模糊度解算与80%以上窄巷模糊度,约20 min后可固定所有模糊度.  相似文献   

基于WSR框架的《开发区土地集约利用评价规程》指标体系分析     

胡石元  高浩然  唐旭  耿红  李桃桃 《测绘地理信息》2019,44(3):103-108

旨在剖析我国《开发区土地集约利用评价规程》中指标体系存在的问题并提出改进建议。在界定开发区土地集约利用内涵基础上,从要素特征(W维)、利用目标(R维)和评价过程(S维)等3个维度阐述了开发区土地集约利用评价的系统要求,构建关联分析矩阵,对《规程》中评价指标体系的特征差异化、层次完整性和目标关联性等3个方面进行了分析讨论。针对当前《规程》中存在的评价对象混杂、开发区类型需要细化、指标体系不完整、计算方法需修正等问题提出了相应修改建议。  相似文献