甘肃酒西盆地青西凹陷下白垩统下沟组湖相喷流岩物质组分与结构构造^*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑荣才  文华国  李云  常海亮 《古地理学报》2018,20(1):1-18

甘肃酒西盆地青西凹陷下白垩统下沟组广泛发育的暗色纹层状细粒岩,以其富含铁白云石、钠长石、重晶石、方沸石、黄铁矿和有机质,局部含有微量萤石、透闪石、石盐和呈碎屑状、浸染状产出的微量闪锌矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿等矿物组分吸引着众多沉积地质学家和石油地质学家的高度关注。在以往的研究中,大多数研究者认为此类细粒岩的成因与火山活动有关,将其确定为火山物质蚀变作用的产物。通过地质背景、物质组分、岩石结构构造、包裹体和地球化学特征的研究,提出此类细粒岩属于新型的湖相“白烟型”喷流岩,可识别出6种热水矿物组合、3种主要结构类型和4种常见的原生沉积构造。6种热水矿物组合包括: Ⅰ钠长石—铁白云石(或铁白云石—钠长石)组合,Ⅱ重晶石—钠长石—铁白云石组合,Ⅲ石英—重晶石—钠长石—铁白云石组合,Ⅳ石英—方沸石—钠长石—铁白云石组合,Ⅴ地开石—铁白云石组合,Ⅵ单一铁白云石组合。3种主要结构类型包括: ①泥晶—微晶结构,②内碎屑结构,③石盐假晶结构。4种常见的原生沉积构造包括: ⅰ纹层状和条带状构造,ⅱ网脉状充填构造,ⅲ旋涡状喷管结构,ⅳ同生变形层理结构。在物质组分和岩石结构分析的基础上,划分出网脉状充填型、水爆型、盆地沉积型和区域扩散型4种喷流岩产状类型,建立了下沟组湖相喷流岩分带性沉积模式,探讨了喷流岩研究意义。  相似文献   

渤海湾盆地东濮地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩成岩作用及对储集层的影响^*     

肖菁  季汉成  刘金侠  郭强  杨飞  房超 《古地理学报》2018,20(2):299-310

随着东濮地区地热勘探的不断深入,现有奥陶系储集层研究精度已不能满足勘探需求。基于露头、岩心、薄片、测录井、碳氧同位素和流体包裹体等手段,结合区域地质背景,深入研究了东濮地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩成岩系统及其对储集层的影响,并进一步预测了有利储集层的分布区。研究表明,准同生和早成岩期发生胶结、压实、准同生白云石化和准同生溶蚀作用,其中胶结、压实作用使储集层原生孔隙度大幅减少;表生成岩期发生风化壳溶蚀作用,对储集层孔隙的增加起决定性作用;中—晚成岩期发生构造破裂、热液溶蚀、压溶、胶结、埋藏白云石化和重结晶作用,其中白云石化、溶蚀和构造破裂作用对储集空间的贡献最大,重结晶作用具有双重性,对粉细晶白云岩起强烈破坏作用。综合研究将研究区划分出Ⅰ类储集层分布区1个、Ⅱ类储集层分布区2个和Ⅲ类储集层分布区2个。其中,颗粒滩、潮坪与断裂发育带、白云石化、准同生溶蚀、风化壳溶蚀、热液溶蚀作用叠合区储集层质量最佳,多为Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类储集层分布区。  相似文献   

川北下寒武统仙女洞组台缘斜坡碳酸盐岩重力流沉积          下载免费PDF全文

廖纪佳  马思豪  廖明光  林丹 《高校地质学报》2018,24(2):263

基于重力流剖面的野外观察、露头解剖及镜下鉴定等分析手段,对四川盆地北部下寒武统仙女洞组台缘斜坡碳酸盐 岩重力流沉积及发育机制进行了研究。研究区位于仙女洞组,主要沉积粉砂质泥岩、生屑泥晶灰岩、藻灰岩等3种岩石类 型;根据层面上产出形态的不同,将该区碳酸盐岩重力流沉积分为似瘤状碳酸盐岩重力流沉积和角砾型碳酸盐岩重力流沉 积2类。结合露头区重力流沉积物粒度及岩性变化,将碳酸盐岩重力流沉积由下至上划分出5个发育期次,期次内部重力流 沉积物由细变粗,纵向上呈现出明显的叠置关系,与仙女洞组时期所经历的海退环境大致吻合。地震、风暴浪等触发机制 导致台缘斜坡上部松散沉积的灰泥丘块体发生破碎并沿斜坡发生滑塌,伴随水体注入,大块砾石在沉积物-水体混合的环 境中发生破碎搅动,形成大小不等的块体,深水底流等作用对未固结或弱固结的砾屑灰岩进行溶蚀、改造,最终形成了层 面形态特征不同的2类似瘤状碳酸盐岩重力流沉积。角砾型碳酸盐岩重力流沉积则主要是未破碎的巨型灰泥丘块体经搬运 和短距离滑塌,最终与似瘤状砾屑灰岩共同沉积而成。  相似文献   

塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡皮山北新1井白云质角砾岩地层时代厘定     

罗少辉  李九梅  王辉 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2018,48(5):1405-1415

本文结合岩石薄片、古生物孢粉、同位素、铂族元素、野外露头剖面等资料,对塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡皮山北新1井钻遇的一套白云质角砾岩地层时代进行了厘定。结果认为：6 884~7 068 m段归属古近系吐依洛克组,化石含量较少;7 068~7 150 m段归属白垩系依格孜牙组,孢粉化石丰富。该井古近纪与白垩纪地层界线深度7 068 m,该位置碳同位素的突变指示海洋环境的剧烈变化,这可以与全球K/E界线处对比。同时,铂族元素在该深度见到明显的异常,其含量明显增大,尤其以Rh、Ru、Ir、Os等最为明显。通过此次厘定,丰富了对麦盖提斜坡晚白垩世—古近纪早期沉积格局的认识。  相似文献   

贵州碳酸岩地层地热深井空气潜孔锤钻进技术应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

赵华宣  李强  陈涛  陈浩  苏宁  王虎 《探矿工程》2017,44(2):37-42

研究了空气潜孔锤钻井工艺在贵州省碳酸盐岩地层地热深井中的应用,涉及溶隙、裂隙发育,涌水、漏风、掉块、排渣困难等情况频发的碳酸盐岩地层的10～1100 m井段和φ216～406 mm井径的条件,探讨了在这样环境下空气潜孔锤钻进机具设备配置、钻具组合和钻进参数;分析了空气潜孔锤钻进工艺钻进过程中的常见问题并提出了相应的技术措施;总结了深井碳酸盐岩地层复杂井况的空气潜孔锤钻进效率与经济效益。研究结果表明,通过合理的设备机具配置和技术措施,可有效提高贵州省碳酸岩层空气潜孔锤钻进效率,进而大幅度提高贵州地热深井的钻进效率和经济效益。  相似文献   

人体几种典型病理性钙化物中碳羟磷灰石的红外光谱研究     

张岩  李艳  鲁安怀  王长秋  梅放  柳剑英  杨重庆  李康 《岩石矿物学杂志》2017,36(6):909-915

选取人体心脏瓣膜、动脉、甲状腺、卵巢和乳腺5大类典型病理性钙化共38例样品开展了系统的红外光谱表征,重点探讨了样品内碳羟磷灰石(CHA)中CO2-3含量及CO2-3的取代类型特征。研究发现,这5类典型病理性钙化产物均以碳羟磷灰石为主要物相,相同部位钙化物中的CO2-3含量基本保持一致,但不同部位钙化物中的CO2-3平均含量差别较明显,甲状腺、乳腺中CO2-3平均含量最低,为6.2%,相比CO2-3平均含量最高的心脏瓣膜,相差3.3%。5类样品含有的碳羟磷灰石均以B型取代(CO2-3取代PO3-4)为主,伴随有少量A型取代(CO2-3取代OH-),钙化物中的CO2-3含量与B/A取代比值的正向联系不明显。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地英西地区E32盐类矿物成因及油气地质意义     

黄成刚  李智勇  倪祥龙  马新民  张世铭 《现代地质》2017,31(4):779

近年来,柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统E32获得了持续的重大勘探发现。基于岩心观察、系统的微观岩石学、矿物学以及地球化学分析,系统总结了柴达木盆地英西地区渐新统咸化湖盆中盐类矿物特征、成因及成藏作用：(1)英西地区渐新统E32 4种重要的盐类矿物包括石盐、硬石膏、钙芒硝以及天青石等,或聚集成为具有一定厚度的盐层,或以矿物颗粒形式赋存于基质碳酸盐岩中。上部的盐间油层组的盐层较厚,以石盐为主,下部的盐下油层组的盐层较薄,以石膏为主;(2)盐类矿物“低锰”的元素地球化学特征、与盐类矿物伴生的基质碳酸盐岩具有的“低温成因”的碳氧同位素地球化学特征、未见热液矿物发育的岩石学特征以及分布面积极广的平面展布特征均显示了盐类矿物为典型的咸化湖盆沉积型,而非热液卤水析出型;(3)“盐”在油气成藏过程中发挥着重要作用,包括盐类矿物对裂缝的充填和防止油气逸散的封堵作用、盐层因具有很高的毛管突破压力和塑性特征而具有良好的封盖作用、地层条件下促进白云岩次生孔隙发育的作用以及占据一定的储集空间的消极作用等。这一研究成果可为盐下湖相碳酸盐岩的油气勘探提供重要的指导作用。  相似文献   

Biomediated Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate in a Slightly Acidic Hot Spring, Yunnan Province     

JIANG Lei  XU Hengchao  QIAO Haijun 《《地质学报》英文版》2017,91(1):145-155

A slightly acidic hot spring named "Female Tower"(t=73.5°C, pH=6.64) is located in the Jifei Geothermal Field, Yunnan Province, southwestern China. The precipitates in the hot spring are composed of large amounts of calcite, aragonite and sulfur. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) analyses reveal that the microbial mats were formed from various coccoid or rod-shaped filamentous microbes. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) shows that the intracellular sulfur granules are commonly associated with these microbes. A culture-independent molecular phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that the majority of the bacteria in the spring are sulfur-oxidizing bacteria. In the spring water, H_2S concentration is up to 60 ppm, while SO_4~(2-) concentration is only about 10 ppm. We speculate that H_2S might derive from sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in this hot spring water, leading to the intracellular formation of sulfur granules. Meanwhile, this reaction increased the p H in the micronscale microdomains, which fosters the precipitation of calcium carbonate in the microbial mats. The results of this study indicate that the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria might play an important role in calcium carbonate precipitation in slightly acidic hot spring environments.  相似文献   

Mineral carbon MinC(%) from Rock-Eval analysis as a reliable and cost-effective measurement of carbonate contents in shale source and reservoir rocks     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The abundance of carbonate minerals in rocks is an important element for petroleum geochemists, geologists and engineers to consider during hydrocarbon exploration and production. Carbonate minerals can be related to the depositional environments of the source rocks and hence the type of organic matter that can be subsequently modified through diagenetic processes. The total carbonate content in shales can also be used to deduce their fracability as reservoir rock for shale gas/oil extraction. At present, mineralogical analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) is the most widely used technique in the oil and gas-related petrophysical and geochemical laboratories for identifying and quantifying carbonate minerals in rock samples. In contrast, the use of the total mineral carbon content parameter MinC (%) from Rock-Eval analysis has been limited despite (1) the parameter's effectiveness as demonstrated through instrument and methodology development; and (2) the presence of a large volume of Rock-Eval results due to its widespread use in the oil and gas industry.In this study, we acquired XRD and Rock-Eval analytical results on over nine hundred rock samples ranging from Ordovician to Cretaceous age from four petroleum sedimentary basins in Canada. Least-squares regression analyses produce empirical equations with R² values greater than 0.92 for the correlations between XRD total carbonate contents and the Rock-Eval MinC (%) values of six different suites of samples. This indicates that the MinC (%) values generated by Rock-Eval 6 and other instruments of similar capability can be used with confidence for estimating the amounts of total carbonates in sedimentary rock samples. While the correlation between the two types of carbonate content measurements is geology-specific, a global linear regression model (R² of 0.97) based on the large combined data set has been proposed for approximating the total carbonate abundances based on Rock-Eval MinC (%) values.  相似文献   

Seismic inversion as a predictive tool for porosity and facies delineation in Paleocene fluvial/lacustrine reservoirs,Melut Basin,Sudan     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

The Melut Basin is a rift basin in the interior Sudan linked to the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Central and Western African Rift System. The Paleocene Yabus Formation is the main reservoir deposited in heterogeneous fluvial/lacustrine environment. Delineation of channel sandstone from shale is a challenge in reservoir exploration and development. We demonstrate a detailed 3D quantitative seismic interpretation approach that integrates petrophysical properties derived from well logs analysis. A porosity transform of acoustic impedance inversion provided a link between elastic and rock properties. Thus, we used seismic porosity to discriminate between different facies with appropriate validation by well logs. At the basin scale, the results revealed lateral and vertical facies heterogeneity in the Melut Basin. Good reservoir quality is observed in the Paleocene Yabus Formation. The sand facies indicated high porosity (20%) corresponding to low acoustic impedance (20000–24000 g ft/(cm3.s)). However, lower quality reservoir is observed in the Cretaceous Melut Formation. The porosity of sand/shale facies is low (5%), corresponding to high acoustic impedance (29000–34000 g ft/(cm3.s)). This suggests that the Yabus Sandstone is potentially forming a better reservoir quality than Melut Formation. At the reservoir scale, we evaluated the facies quality of Yabus Formation subsequences using petrophysical analysis. The subsequences YB1 to YB3, YB4 to YB7 and YB8 to YB10 showed relatively similar linear regressions, respectively. The subsequence of YB4 to YB7 is considered the best reservoir with higher porosity (25%). However, subsequence YB1 to YB3 showed lower reservoir quality with higher shale volume (30%). This attributed to floodplain shale deposits in this subsequence. Similarly, the high porosity (20%) recognized in deeper subsequences YB6 to YB9 is due to clean sand facies. We learnt a lesson that appropriate seismic preconditioning, exhaustive petrophysical analysis and well log validation are important keys for improved reservoir quality prediction results in fluvial/lacustrine basins.  相似文献