长江中游网湖百年花粉序列及其沉积动力和环境特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

于革  沈华东 《湖泊科学》2010,22(4):598-606

本文研究长江中游网湖钻孔百年来的花粉沉积序列,分析花粉沉积近、现代过程以及其与沉积粒度、过去百年湖泊由开放水系到封闭湖泊的气候、水文动力变化的关系.研究表明,花粉浓度、类型与沉积粒度的变化特征以及聚类分析反映出网湖经历了湖泊水系通江与封闭两个重大阶段变化,其花粉序列变化与沉积粒度、区域降水以及长江流量在时间序列上也具有显著的相关性.主要孢粉类型,包括陆生松属、常绿栎/落叶栎、乔灌木花粉、湿生莎草科、水生和陆生草本花粉、以及蕨类孢子,与沉积物粒度和降水具有同步相关的年份占过去130年的27%-40%,与1960年湖泊封闭以前长江流量的同步相关达到47%-57%,反映出花粉沉积量的变化受到了沉积粒径和流域降水量的影响.花粉类型对沉积和气候具有不同的响应关系,表现出具有大于降水70百分点年份以粘土沉积为主、乔灌木花粉占优的多水年模式,和小于降水30百分点的年份以粉砂沉积为主、水生、湿生、陆生草类花粉增加的少水年模式.花粉沉积与水动力这个关系为认识湖泊碎屑和利用花粉沉积记录反演过去环境变迁、生物湖泊沉积机制提供科学依据.  相似文献   

滇池北部湖湾不同底泥性状对微囊藻复苏影响的模拟     

万能  汤俊  李林  郑凌凌  宋立荣 《湖泊科学》2009,21(6):806-812

滇池北部福保湾主要承接上游昆明市的生活污水及周边工业污水,其污染程度极为严重.本研究在福保湖湾内设置4个采样点,分别采集了不同区域的沉积物,首次模拟研究了微囊藻(Microcystis)在不同沉积物环境中复苏能力差异,结果表明微囊藻在模拟实验中的复苏能力表现出对不同底质的不同适应性,入口湖区的沉积物对微囊藻的复苏有极强的抑制作用.藻类复苏后达到的最大生物量(以叶绿素a计)分别为东岸对照区的4.7%,西岸对照区的6.6%及吹填区的11.9%,其中微囊藻生物量也远低于其它各样点,占东岸对照、吹填区及西岸对照的比例分别为5.2%、10.3%和19.4%.以上研究暗示了河口处沉积物不适合微囊藻的复苏.福保湾藻类水华的种源贡献应该主要依靠外源性输入,即湖流场和风向所导致的藻类水平迁移贡献远远大于底泥复苏至水体的垂直迁移.  相似文献   

西藏普莫雍错不同岩芯环境指标的对比研究及其反映的近200年来环境变化   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

王君波  朱立平  鞠建廷  谢曼平  汪勇 《湖泊科学》2009,21(6):819-826

在西藏南部普莫雍错不同位置处采集了四支岩芯沉积物,对其中一支利用~(210)pb和~(137)Cs方法建立了沉积物的年代序列,并对其他三支岩芯的上部沉积物进行了总有机碳、无机碳、粒度及化学元素含量的分析.结合沉积物年代,对不同岩芯的环境代用指标进行对比,讨论了该地区近200年来的环境变化状况.结果表明,不同位置处采集的岩芯其环境指标变化趋势在整体上具有一定的可比性,但在细节变化与环境指标的数值上仍具有明显的差异,显示了湖泊内部沉积状况的空间差异性,这可能是由于采样点水深、水下地形以及与主要补给河流距离的不同而造成的.PY04岩芯环境指标显示普莫雍错湖区环境在约1900AD之前较为稳定;在约1900-1940AD之间湖区环境波动加剧,地表侵蚀增强,沉积速率加快;湖区环境在1940AD左右发生了明显的变化,温度显著升高,沉积物粒度增大,湖泊处于退缩状态,表明湖泊环境向暖干化方向发展.  相似文献   

莱州湾沉积物粒度与重金属分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵玉庭  孙珊  由丽萍  苏博  马元庆  王立明  齐延民  张昀昌 《海洋科学》2021,45(3):43-50

作者依据2019年8月份莱州湾海洋沉积物调查资料,分析了该海域表层沉积物粒径组成、重金属时空分布特征并评价了其生态风险。结果显示,莱州湾沉积物分为砂质粉砂、粉砂、粉砂质砂和砂4种类型,以砂质粉砂为主,其次为粉砂与粉砂质砂,再次为砂,中值粒径平均58.956μm;表层沉积物中Cr、Zn、Pb、Cu、As、Cd、Hg和TOC平均含量分别为57.6、52.6、18.7、15.3、9.14、0.130、0.0234 mg/kg和0.222%;由于河流排海物质和莱州湾内潮流运动,导致Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Cr和Cd基本呈现中部海域含量较高,西部海域高于东部海域的特征,东南部海域Cd、Hg与矿产资源的开发相关;14.3%的站位综合潜在生态风险属于中生态风险,Cd对综合潜在生态风险指数的贡献率最高,为主要潜在生态风险因子;研究区域中重金属Cu、Zn含量的分布与沉积物粒径和有机碳的含量密切相关。  相似文献   

Geomorphology and sediment dynamics of the Liyashan oyster reefs,Jiangsu Coast,China     

Hangjie Lin  Qian Yu  Zhiyun Du  Yiyang Fan  Yunwei Wang  Shu Gao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(10):118-128

Oyster reefs and their spatial patterns are deemed to change the local hydrodynamic condition and exert profound impacts on the grain size, concentration and transportation of suspended sediments. Meanwhile, high suspended sediment concentration often results in excess mortality among oysters. Oyster reefs are rare and vital ecosystem in Liyashan national marine park, Jiangsu Coast, China. However, urgent conservation efforts should be made on account of the drastic reduction in reef areas. To investigate the sediment dynamics and the geomorphology, two tripod observation systems were deployed and UAV aerial surveys with elevation measurement using Real Time Kinematic (RTK) were also carried out. High mud content (60%) was found in the bed sediment at the reef ridge, causing much lower drag coefficient than other recorded values of living oyster reefs, indicating the death of oysters and the degradation of reefs in Liyashan. Ridgelines of the string reefs at 45° to the current direction and high suspended sediment concentration in the water body (50–370 mg/L) that exceeds the threshold (200 mg/L), which would affect nutrient uptake efficiency and further result in gill saturation, decrease of clearance rate and associated deposition, were probably crucial causes of the death of oysters. The findings are useful for restoring natural oyster reefs and designing artificial reefs for nature-based coastal defense.  相似文献   

鹅掌河泥石流对四川邛海影响的初步研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

余斌  王士革  章书成  孟国才 《湖泊科学》2006,18(1):57-62

沉积作用在湖泊的演化和消亡过程中至关重要,洪水泥石流的淤积作用对我国西南地区广泛分布的构造断陷湖泊是一个普遍的环境问题．通过调查鹅掌河泥石流发育背景,人类的活动对泥沙进入邛海的影响和对比1988年与2003 年邛海水下地形图得出:在近30年的时间内,鹅掌河洪水和泥石流改沿固定河堤流入邛海,在湖底形成浊流,将更大量泥沙带到湖中．浊流在鹅掌河河口的水下扇陡坡上形成一水下冲沟,在湖底沉积区形成一条长2 km的水下堤．计算发现, 鹅掌河泥石流带入邛海的泥沙远大于一般土壤侵蚀产沙量,其中以1996,1997和1998三年泥石流输入的泥沙量最多．鹅掌河洪水和泥石流对邛海的影响以及水下地形、湖泊基本特征和湖泊环境的变化,应引起人们对邛海保护的高度关注．  相似文献   

南大洋普里兹湾沉积物中生物硅的溶解度研究          下载免费PDF全文

扈传昱  孙维萍沈忱 张海生 《极地研究》2012,24(4):339-345

本文利用中国南极科学考察航次获得的沉积物样品,采用分批（batch）实验方法,获取实验室生物硅溶解度,并结合间隙水中可溶性硅剖面,对普里兹湾沉积物中生物硅的溶出过程进行了初步研究。研究结果如下：在25℃,pH 8条件下,普里兹湾IV-10、 IS-4站表层沉积物中生物硅的实验室溶解度分别为1936、1539μmol/dm3,不同层次沉积物溶出结果显示随深度增加溶解度值降低。根据实验室溶解度数据与间隙水硅酸盐Cd的分析比较,表明研究站位沉积物生物硅的早期成岩过程中生物硅的溶出还伴随有其他化学过程。  相似文献   

Gravel sediment routing from widespread,low- intensity landscape disturbance,Current River Basin,Missouri     

Robert B. Jacobson  Karen Bobbitt Gran 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1999,24(10):897-917

During the last 160 years, land-use changes in the Ozarks have had the potential to cause widespread, low-intensity delivery of excess amounts of gravel-sized sediment to stream channels. Previous studies have indicated that this excess gravel bedload is moving in wave-like forms through Ozarks drainage basins. The longitudinal, areal distribution of gravel bars along 160 km of the Current River, Missouri, was evaluated to determine the relative effects of valley-scale controls, tributary basin characteristics, and lagged sediment transport in creating areas of gravel accumulations. The longitudinal distribution of gravel-bar area shows a broad scale wave-like form with increases in gravel-bar area weakly associated with tributary junctions. Secondary peaks of gravel area with 1·8–4·1 km spacing (disturbance reaches) are superimposed on the broad form. Variations in valley width explain some, but not all, of the short-spacing variation in gravel-bar area. Among variables describing tributary drainage basin morphometry, present-day land use and geologic characteristics, only drainage area and road density relate even weakly to gravel-bar areal inventories. A simple, channel network-based sediment routing model shows that many of the features of the observed longitudinal gravel distribution can be replicated by uniform transport of sediment from widespread disturbances through a channel network. These results indicate that lagged sediment transport may have a dominant effect on the synoptic spatial distribution of gravel in Ozarks streams; present-day land uses are only weakly associated with present-day gravel inventories; and valley-scale characteristics have secondary controls on gravel accumulations in disturbance reaches. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Influence of storm-related sediment storage on the sediment delivery from tributary catchments in the upper Waipaoa River,New Zealand     

Tomomi Marutani  Mio Kasai  Leslie M. Reid  Noel A. Trustrum 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1999,24(10):881-896

Although much is known about overall sediment delivery ratios for catchments as components of sediment production and sediment yield, little is known about the component of temporary sediment storage. Sediment delivery ratios focused on the influence of storm-related sediment storage are measured at Matakonekone and Oil Springs tributaries of the Waipaoa River basin, east coast of New Zealand. The terrace deposits of both tributaries show abundant evidence of storm-related sedimentation, especially sediment delivered from Cyclone Bola, a 50 year return rainfall event which occurred in 1988. The sediment delivery ratio is calculated by dividing the volume of sediment transported from a tributary to the main stream by the volume of sediment generated at erosion sites in the tributary catchment. Because the sediment delivery volume is unknown, it can be calculated as the difference between sediment generation volume and sediment storage volume in the channel reach of the tributary. The volume of sediment generated from erosion sites in each tributary catchment was calculated from measurements made on aerial photographs dating from 1960 (1:44 000) and 1988 (1:27 000). The volume of sediment stored in the tributary can be calculated from measurements of cross-sections located along the tributary channel, which are accompanied by terrace deposits dated by counting annual growth rings of trees on terrace surfaces. Sediment delivery ratios are 0·93 for both Matakonekone catchment and Oil Springs catchment. Results indicate that Oil Springs catchment has contributed more than twice the volume of sediment to the Waipaoa River than the Matakonekone catchment (2·75 × 10⁶ m³ vs 1·22 × 10⁶ m³). Although large volumes of sediment are initially deposited during floods, subsequent smaller flows scour away much of these deposits. The sediment scouring rate from storage is 1·25 × 10⁴ m³ a⁻¹ for Matakonekone stream and 0·83 × 10⁴ m³ a⁻¹ for Oil Springs stream. Matakonekone and Oil Springs channels respond to extreme storms by instantaneously aggrading, then gradually excavating the temporarily stored sediment. Results from Matakonekone and Oil Springs streams suggest a mechanism by which event recurrence interval can strongly influence the magnitude of a geomorphic change. Matakonekone stream with its higher stream power is expected to excavate sediment deposits more rapidly and allow more rapid re-establishment of storage capacity. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Horizontal water trap for measurement of aeolian sand transport     

Ping Wang  Nicholas C. Kraus 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1999,24(1):65-70

A new type of horizontal trap was developed for measuring the aeolian sand transport rate on a flat surface. The trap consists of an adjustable frame that is embedded level with the sand surface, into which a plastic liner is installed and filled with water to capture the blown sand. The water trap has high efficiency and does not disturb the wind field or induce upwind scour. Deployment on Padre Island, Texas, indicated that this portable and adjustable trap catches and retains all the sand blown into it, even under relatively strong wind. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献