Late Quaternary Large Earthquakes on the Western Branch of the Xiaojiang Fault and Their Tectonic Implications   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

LI Xi  RAN Yongkang  CHEN Lichun  WU Fuyao  MA Xinquan  CAO Jun 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(5):1516-1530

The Xiaojiang fault is a major active left-lateral fault along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.The largest historical earthquake in Yunnan Province, with a magnitude 8 and a mean coseismic left-lateral displacement of ~ 6.9 m, occurred on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault.Studying this fault is important in understanding current deformation and kinematic characteristics of the Tibetan Plateau.Activities and stretches have been well undertaken on the Xiaojiang fault, while paleoseismic research work is always the weak link on this fault.To investigate the paleoseismic history and large earthquake activity of the Xiaojiang fault, we opened a large trench at the northern edge of Caohaizi sag pond on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault.Six paleoseismic events have been identified, and named E1 through E6 from the oldest to the youngest.Charcoal and woods are abundant, 20 samples were dated to constrain the ages of the paleoseismic events at 40 000–36 300 BC, 35 400–24 800 BC, 9 500 BC–AD 500, AD 390–720, AD 1120–1620 and AD 1750–present.We associate the youngest event E6 with the 1833 M8 earthquake.Events E4, E5 and E6 show a continuous record of the western strand of the Xiaojiang fault in the late Holocene, with a average recurrence interval of 370–480 yr.Large earthquake recurrence in the late Holocene is far less than the recurrence of 2000–4000 yr posed in previous studies.Thus, the seismic hazard on the Xiaojiang fault should be reevaluated.Furthermore, the irregular recurrence of large earthquakes on the Xiaojiang fault and other faults in the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang system, indicates the uneven southeastward extrusion of the Sichuan-Yunnan block along the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.  相似文献   

Strength characteristics of compacted pond ash     

S.P. Singh  A. Sharan 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2014,9(1):9-17

Strength properties of compacted ash layers depend to a great extent on the moulding conditions. This paper focuses on the effects of compaction energy and degree of saturation on strength characteristics of compacted pond ash. The pond ash sample, collected from the ash pond of Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP), was subjected to compactive energies varying from 357 kJ/m³ to 3488 kJ/m³. The optimum moisture content and maximum dry densities corresponding to different compactive energies were determined by conventional compaction tests. The shear strength parameters, unconfined compressive strengths (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) values of specimens compacted to different dry densities and moisture content were assessed and reported. The effects of compaction energy and degree of saturation on shear strength parameters i.e. unit cohesion (c_u) and angle of internal friction (Ф) values and also the UCS values are evaluated and presented herein. The results indicate that the dry density and strength of the compacted pond ash can be suitably modified by controlling the compactive energy and moulding moisture content. The strength achieved in the present study is comparable to the good quality, similar graded conventional earth materials. Hence, it may be safely concluded that pond ash can replace the natural earth materials in geotechnical constructions.  相似文献   

Stabilising solar ponds by utilising porous materials     

《Advances in water resources》2013

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The origin and maturation of lagoonal glauconites: a case study from the Oligocene Maniyara Fort Formation,western Kutch,India     

Santanu Banerjee  Shovan Lal Chattoraj  P. K. Saraswati  Somnath Dasgupta  Urbashi Sarkar  Adam Bumby 《Geological Journal》2012,47(4):357-371

An integrated study of the sedimentology, micropalaeontology, mineralogy and geochemistry of glauconites in the Oligocene Maniyara Fort Formation (western Kutch, India), has been undertaken. Authigenic glauconites, mostly of evolved type, formed within a back‐barrier lagoonal environment. Foraminifera help constrain the biostratigraphy and along with sedimentological evidence, provide information on the depositional conditions. Glauconite in the Maniyara Fort Formation occurs either as infillings within intra‐particle pores of larger foraminifers, or as an altered form of faecal pellets. X‐ray diffraction studies reveal the less mature nature of glauconite infillings compared to the glauconite pellets. Electron microprobe investigation confirms a relative enrichment of K₂O and total Fe₂O₃ in the latter. Both varieties of glauconite formed by initial authigenic precipitation of K‐poor glauconite and subsequently matured by addition of potassium in the interlayer sites and fixation of total iron in the octahedral sites; calcium, magnesium and aluminum were released from the glauconite structure concomitantly. Alkaline conditions during the entire process of glauconite formation did not allow dissolution of foraminiferal tests. Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of the Maniyara Fort Formation glauconites are more similar to deep marine glauconites than those reported from other shallow or marginal marine settings. A low negative cerium anomaly, as well as abundant pyrite, suggests formation of glauconite in sub‐oxic micro‐environments, created by decay of organic matter associated with foraminiferal chambers and faecal pellets. Sub‐oxic condition apparently prevailed relatively longer within the Maniyara Fort Formation lagoons. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

河北省平原区20m~2水面蒸发池与不同型号蒸发器折算系数分析     

王永亮  张学知  乔光建 《水文》2012,(4):58-62

世界气象组织仪器和观测方法委员会提出以20m2水面蒸发池作为水面蒸发量的临时国际标准。根据衡水实验站多年水面蒸发量观测资料,建立了20m2水面蒸发池与E-601型蒸发器和20cm口径蒸发皿观测值的相关关系,并计算出各月的折算系数,并对折算系数变化特征进行分析。在工程设计计算中,可利用其他型号蒸发器(皿)长期观测资料,换算成20m2水面蒸发池的蒸发量,使水面蒸发资料更接近于天然水体的蒸发量,为水资源评价、水量平衡计算提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Characterization of sea ice and its snow cover in the Arctic Pacific sector during the summer of 2016     

Qing Ji  Ying Liu  Xiaoping Pang  Yue Pan  Xi Zhao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(1):33-42

A comprehensive analysis of sea ice and its snow cover during the summer in the Arctic Pacific sector was conducted using the observations recorded during the 7th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition(CHIANRE-2016) and the satellite-derived parameters of the melt pond fraction(MPF) and snow grain size(SGS)from MODIS data. The results show that there were many low-concentration ice areas in the south of 78°N, while the ice concentration and thickness increased significantly with the latitude above the north of 78°N during CHIANRE-2016. The average MPF presented a trend of increasing in June and then decreasing in early September for 2016. The average snow depth on sea ice increased with latitude in the Arctic Pacific sector. We found a widely developed depth hoar layer in the snow stratigraphic profiles. The average SGS generally increased from June to early August and then decreased from August to September in 2016, and two valley values appeared during this period due to snowfall incidents.  相似文献   

岩溶型尾矿库渗滤液重金属污染防治技术研究进展     

肖筱瑜  李蘅  张静  徐文炘 《矿产与地质》2013,(2):173-176

文章通过对岩溶型尾矿库渗滤液重金属污染防治技术相关方法进行研究,结果表明可渗透反应墙(PRB)处理污染地下水具有初期建设投资低、可以根据所要处理的污染物质灵活选择、运行期不需要能量供给而且处理设施不会占用宝贵的土地资源等显著优点,是岩溶型尾矿渗滤液治理方面最具发展前景的方法之一。  相似文献   

Lime Stabilization of Soils Underlying a Salt Evaporation Pond: A Laboratory Study     

Okan Önal 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(5):391-402

The purpose of this article is to investigate a possible use of lime for the stabilization of base soils underlying salt evaporation ponds in Çamalt? Solar Marine Salt Plant. The plant is located on the old Gediz River Delta, on the north shore of the Izmir Bay-Turkey, where alluvial deltaic soft marine sediments constitute the local soil condition. The low bearing capacity of the pond base soils results in some problems on the mechanical harvest of the solar salt. Therefore, stabilization was taken into consideration for improving the productivity of the salt plant. For this purpose, bench-scale laboratory tests were performed on the specimens that had been sampled from the bases of the salt evaporation pond to investigate the influence of lime on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of these marine sediments. By interpreting the pH test results and consistency limits of the lime stabilized soils, optimum lime content was determined as 8%. The verification of the long-term pozzolanic reactions for the optimum lime content was conducted by performing UCS tests with up to six months curing periods, along with the microstructural analysis through X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Long-term tests revealed that the optimum lime content successfully sustained the required pozzolanic reactions, and a strength gain of 500% was achieved for a six-month curing period.  相似文献   

黄河源区哈江盐池和苦海(豆错)的地球化学特征研究          下载免费PDF全文

周敬  韩凤清  庞小朋  罗重光  闫建平 《盐湖研究》2010,18(3)

黄河源区位于青海省中南部,属青藏高原东北部,面积约2.28×104km2,平均海拔4 300~5 000 m。2009年5月对该区的哈江盐池与苦海进行了初步调查研究,对其中的固体和液体样品进行了化学组分,矿物组成及X射线能谱的分析与测试。通过对化学组分及水化学特征系数的研究,发现哈江盐池与苦海的阴离子以硫酸根和氯离子为主,而阳离子以钠和镁离子为主,它们的水化学类型均为硫酸镁亚型。哈江盐池具有较高的矿化度,是一个干盐湖,仅在多雨季节湖表有少量的卤水存在,而苦海仅是一个咸水湖。哈江盐池盐类沉积物以石盐为主,苦海底泥矿物成分为石英、绿泥石以及比较少见的单水方解石。单水方解石存在说明苦海盐度增加,湖水开始咸化,加之苦海的Mg/Ca摩尔比值增大,随后的咸水环境及低温为单水方解石的保存提供了较好的条件。  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of laboratory experiments in detention pond routing with long rainfall duration     

Yao-Ming HONG 《国际泥沙研究》2008,23(3):233-248

This paper establishes a numerical detention pond volume model based on the hydrological continuity equation and the Runge-Kutta numerical method. Experiments for the conditions of both steady and unsteady flow have been used to verify the model. In unsteady flow cases, the outflow hydrograph by numerical simulation are fairly consistent with experimental value. Both experimental and numerical results indicate that wider rectangular sharp-crested weirs or larger rectangular slot tend to induce greater outflow discharges, which undesirably cut down the detention volume. Experiments show that the necessary detention volume of rectangular slot is smaller than that of the rectangular sharp-crested weir for a constant flood peak reduction. That is, the rectangular slot is the recommended outflow device when flood peak reduction is the design criteria. The study also shows that necessary detention volume of the short rainfall duration is less than that of the long rainfall duration under constant allowable maximum discharge.  相似文献