利用时空信息的单波段地表温度遥感反演     

陈峰  赵小锋  全元  柳林 《遥感学报》2014,18(3):657-672

地表温度被认为是影响生态系统的关键因子之一,它与许多地表过程有关。目前,热红外卫星遥感技术是获取有关区域和全球尺度地表温度信息的一个有效、可行的手段。针对不同卫星上搭载的热红外传感器,许多学者开展了大量的研究,其中针对单波段热红外的特点(如Landsat TM/ETM+,CBERS和HJ-1B)提出了单通道(或单窗)算法。该类算法需要准确的地表比辐射率和大气参数(如大气水分含量)。这些参数在现实中又很难轻易获得,从而在一定程度上限制了现有算法的应用。针对HJ-1B高回访频率的特点,本文提出了利用多时相影像的时空信息来直接反演地表温度的Multi-Temporal and Spatial Information-Based Single Channel(MTSC),以解决现有算法对地表比辐射率和大气参数的过度依赖性。实例分析结果显示,基于MTSC法由HJ-1B反演得到的地表温度结果与MODIS地表(陆表和海表)温度产品具有很好的空间一致性;HJ-1B的陆表温度结果总体上被高估了约1 K,而海表温度结果总体上被高估了0.5 K;同时,MTSC法得到的HJ-1B地表温度结果具有更好的细节和空间完整性。最后,通过分析和讨论指出了一些可能的完善途径,如相似像元的确定、修改优化求解中的目标函数、参数的自适应初始化等,以便提高MTSC法的反演精度和实用性。  相似文献   

An Overview of BCC Climate System Model Development and Application for Climate Change Studies          下载免费PDF全文

WU Tongwen  SONG Lianchun  LI Weiping  WANG Zaizhi  ZHANG Hu  XIN Xiaoge  ZHANG Yanwu  ZHANG Li  LI Jianglong  WU Fanghu  LIU Yiming  ZHANG Fang  SHI Xueli  CHU Min  ZHANG Jie  FANG Yongjie  WANG Fang  LU Yixiong  LIU Xiangwen  WEI Min  LIU Qianxi  ZHOU Wenyan  DONG Min  ZHAO Qigeng  JI Jinjun  Laurent LI  ZHOU Mingyu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(1):34-56

This paper reviews recent progress in the development of the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model(BCC-CSM) and its four component models(atmosphere,land surface,ocean,and sea ice).Two recent versions are described:BCC-CSM1.1 with coarse resolution(approximately 2.8125°×2.8125°) and BCC-CSM1.1(m) with moderate resolution(approximately 1.125°×1.125°).Both versions are fully coupled climate-carbon cycle models that simulate the global terrestrial and oceanic carbon cycles and include dynamic vegetation.Both models well simulate the concentration and temporal evolution of atmospheric CO_2 during the 20th century with anthropogenic CO2 emissions prescribed.Simulations using these two versions of the BCC-CSM model have been contributed to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase five(CMIP5) in support of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report(AR5).These simulations are available for use by both national and international communities for investigating global climate change and for future climate projections.Simulations of the 20th century climate using BCC-CSMl.l and BCC-CSMl.l(m) are presented and validated,with particular focus on the spatial pattern and seasonal evolution of precipitation and surface air temperature on global and continental scales.Simulations of climate during the last millennium and projections of climate change during the next century are also presented and discussed.Both BCC-CSMl.l and BCC-CSMl.l(m) perform well when compared with other CMIP5 models.Preliminary analyses indicate that the higher resolution in BCC-CSM1.1(m) improves the simulation of mean climate relative to BCC-CSMl.l,particularly on regional scales.  相似文献   

The Observed and Simulated Major Summer Climate Features in Northwest China and Their Sensitivity to Land Surface Processes          下载免费PDF全文

LI Qian  XUE Yongkang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):836-848

Northwest China （NWC） is a typical arid and semi-arid region. In this study, the main summer climate features over NWC are presented and the performance of an atmospheric general circulation model （NCEP GCM/SSiB） over this region is evaluated. Satellite-derived vegetation products are applied in the model. Based on comparison with observational data and Reanalysis II data, the model generally captures major features of the NWC summer energy balance and circulation. These features include： a high surface tem- perature center dominating the planetary boundary layer; widespread descending motion; an anticyclone （cyclone） located in the lower and middle （upper） troposphere, covering most parts of central NWC; and the precipitation located mainly in the high elevation areas surrounding NWC.
The sensitivity of the summer energy balance and circulation over NWC and surrounding regions to land surface processes is assessed with specified land cover change. In the sensitivity experiment, the degradation over most parts of NWC, except the Taklimakan desert, decreases the surface-absorbed radiation and leads to weaker surface thermal effects. In northern Xinjiang and surrounding regions, less latent heating causes stronger anomalous lower-level anticyclonic circulation and upper-level cyclonic circulation, leading to less summer precipitation and higher surface temperature. Meanwhile, the dry conditions in the Hexi Corridor produce less change in the latent heat flux. The circulation change to the north of this area plays a domi- nant role in indirectly changing lower-level cyclonic conditions, producing more convergence, weaker vertical descending motion, and thus an increase in the precipitation over this region.  相似文献   

Statistical Characteristics of Convective Initiation in the Beijing-Tianjin Region Revealed by Six-Year Radar Data          下载免费PDF全文

WANG Yu  HAN Lei  WANG Hongqing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(6):1127-1136

Characteristics of convective initiation (CI) in the Beijing-Tianjin region during the warm season of2008-2013 are examined. A total of 38877 CI cases are identified by a thunderstorm identification, tracking, analysis, and nowcasting algorithm. CI cases are evaluated in the context of associated terrain, weather systems, and land cover properties. The spatial distribution of all CI cases shows that there are dense CI activities around the 200-m elevation, which means that convective storms are more easily triggered over foothills. From 1500-1800 to 0300-0600 BT (Beijing Time), the high-occurrence CI region tends to propagate southeastward (i.e., from mountains to plains, then to ocean). Among the four local weather systems, the Mongolian cold vortex has the highest CI frequency while the after-trough system has the lowest CI frequency. For the land cover relationships with CI, the urban land cover has the highest CI density and the forest-type land cover has the second highest CI density; these two types of land cover are more conducive to CI formation.  相似文献   

Two steps forward,two steps back: The role of innovation in transforming towards community-based marine resource management in Solomon Islands     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

In many coastal nations, community-based arrangements for marine resource management (CBRM) are promoted by government, advocated for by non-government actors, and are seen by both as one of the most promising options to achieve sustainable use and secure inshore fisheries and aquatic resources. Although there is an abundant literature on what makes CBRM effective, is it less clear how CBRM is introduced or develops as an idea in a community, and the process of how the idea leads to the adoption of a new resource management approach with supporting institutions. Here we aim to address this gap by applying an explicit process-based approach drawing on innovation history methodology by mapping and analysing the initiation and emergence of CBRM in five fishing-dependent communities in Solomon Islands. We use insights from the literatures on diffusion of innovation and transformability to define phases of the process and help guide the inductive analysis of qualitative data. We show the CBRM institutionalisation processes were non-linear, required specific strategies to move from one phase to the next, and key elements facilitated or hindered movement. Building active support for CBRM within communities depended on the types of events that happened at the beginning of the process and actions taken to sustain this. Matching CBRM to known resource management ideas or other social problems in the community, developing legitimate institutions and decision-making processes, strong continual interactions between key actors and the rest of the community (not necessarily NGO actors), and community members witnessing benefits of CBRM, all contributed to the emergence and diffusion of CBRM in the communities, and helped to overcome barriers to transformative change.  相似文献   

基于人工蜂群CA模型的南京市土地利用变化模拟与预测     

吴掠桅  刘耿 《测绘通报》2022,(2):95-99

以南京市为例,构建人工蜂群元胞自动机（CA_ABC）模型,对2000—2007年的土地利用变化进行模拟以实现CA_ABC模型的校正,并以2007—2015年的土地利用变化为案例,验证该模型的有效性。模拟结果总体精度（OA）2007年为87.79%,2015年为80.61%;模拟结果的品质因数（FOM）2007年为21.23%,2015年为19.25%。基于CA_ABC模型和马尔可夫链预测未来城市土地总量,对南京市2025和2035年的土地利用格局进行了预测,对城市扩张和生态用地被侵占现象进行分析。模型预测结果表明,未来20年的城市扩张主要以牺牲耕地和林地为代价,2025和2035年80%的城市扩张面积来源于对耕地面积的侵占,17%的城市面积扩张是由2015年的林地转换得到的。研究表明,准确模拟、预测未来城市格局及评估城市扩张能够对生态用地侵占,以及为决策者合理规划城市、推动城市可持续发展提供帮助。  相似文献   

北部湾经济区陆海统一似大地水准面精化关键技术研究北大核心CSCD     

潘正强  钟昌海  左天恵  林自乐  孔建  唐长增 《测绘通报》2022,(8):123-127

针对北部湾经济区生态文明建设、海洋资源利用和海洋应急救援事件处置等缺乏统一的陆海高程基准等难题,本文首先利用广西北部湾经济区2764项重力数据和8项GNSS水准数据,应用第二类Helmert凝聚法,反演得到广西北部湾海域及沿大陆海岸线向内陆延伸约15 000 km^(2)区域内置信度较高的重力似大地水准面;然后参考重力场选取EIGEN6C4模型,重力似大地水准面对比8项GNSS水准资料,其精度达2.2 cm;最后采用球冠调和分析方法,将2′×2′格网似大地水准面精度提高至1.6 cm,并将陆地高程基准传递到广西北部湾海域及其海岛上,实现该区域陆海高程基准的统一。  相似文献   

云贵高原地区生态系统服务价值时空变化特征北大核心CSCD     

张学鹏  张凤娇  陈伟  李广超  毕朋帅  王哲 《测绘通报》2022,(8):30-35

针对云贵高原地区在开展生态恢复工程后的生态系统服务价值(ESVs)如何变化问题,本文基于当量因子和空间自相关分析等方法,研究了云贵高原地区ESVs的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)土地利用类型转移主要是农田转为建设用地与水体。(2)在开展生态恢复工程后,生态系统得到了改善,ESVs在38年间呈先减少后增加的趋势,累计增加94.91亿元,森林的生态调节能力及产生的价值总量在2180亿元以上,最少的为荒漠,约为0.1亿元。(3)ESVs的空间分布格局表现为西南地区较高、中部较低。(4)1980—2018年ESVs表现为显著空间正相关,莫兰指数大于0.46,有明显的聚集特征。  相似文献   

第三次全国国土调查土地利用矢量数据栅格化方法     

张定祥  汪秀莲  刘顺喜  张嘉  陈强  李士江 《测绘通报》2022,(4):138-144

第三次全国国土调查县级土地利用图斑层包含利用类型、耕地类型、坡度等级、种植属性等多属性信息,将县级土地利用矢量数据集成栅格化形成全国无缝的多尺度、多专题栅格产品存在一定技术难度。本文针对第三次全国国土调查土地利用栅格产品应用需求,探讨了多属性综合编码、全国基础地理网格框架、栅格化产品数据模型、矢量栅格化等技术方法,建立了全国土地利用栅格产品生产流程,开展了全国多尺度、多专题土地利用栅格产品生产验证。结果表明:本文方法能够实现第三次全国国土调查土地利用矢量图斑多属性信息集成栅格化和全国多尺度、多专题土地利用栅格产品工程化生产,可为今后的国土调查土地利用栅格产品生产和共享应用提供支撑。  相似文献   

自然资源统一调查背景下林业数据与草地数据衔接初探     

韦忠扬  叶科峰  李新东  吴秋靖  杨郑贝 《测绘通报》2022,(3):157-160+174

草地调查是自然资源调查工作的重要内容,其调查成果在草地资源管理中发挥着重要作用。针对长期以来土地调查草地数据与林业调查草地数据存在冲突矛盾的问题,本文对比分析了土地、草地及林业管理部门使用分类标准和调查数据的差异,并结合广西桂林阳朔县第三次国土调查,着眼于自然资源统一调查监测,依据第三次国土调查工作分类,探讨了草地数据的衔接方法,提出新时期开展草地资源调查工作的一些建议,为推进林草调查工作融合和自然资源统一调查监测提供了参考。  相似文献