Dynamic topography of the East European craton: Shedding light upon lithospheric structure, composition and mantle dynamics     

Irina M. Artemieva   《Global and Planetary Change》2007,58(1-4):411

Most of the East European Craton lacks surface relief; however, the amplitude of topography at the top of the basement exceeds 20 km, the amplitude of topography undulations at the crustal base reaches almost 30 km with an amazing amplitude of ca. 50 km in variation in the thickness of the crystalline crust, and the amplitude of topography variations at the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary exceeds 200 km. This paper examines the relative contributions of the crust, the subcrustal lithosphere, and the dynamic support of the sublithospheric mantle to maintain surface topography, using regional seismic data on the structure of the crystalline crust and the sedimentary cover, and thermal and large-scale P- and S-wave seismic tomography data on the structure of the lithospheric mantle. For the Precambrian lithosphere, an analysis of Vp/Vs ratio at 100, 150, 200, and 250 km depths does not show any age-dependence, suggesting that while Vp/Vs ratio can be effectively used to outline the cratonic margins, it is not sensitive to compositional variations within the cratonic lithosphere.Statistical analysis of age-dependence of velocity, density, and thermal structure of the continental crust and subcrustal lithosphere in the study area (0–62E, 45–72N) allows to link lithospheric structure with the tectonic evolution of the region since the Archean. Crustal thickness decreases systematically with age from 42–44 km in regions older than 1.6 Ga to 37–40 km in the Paleozoic–Mesoproterozoic structures, and to ca. 31 km in the Meso-Cenozoic regions. However, the isostatic contribution of the crust to the surface topography of the East European Craton is almost independent of age (ca. 4.5 km) due to an interplay of age-dependent crustal and sedimentary thicknesses and lithospheric temperatures.On the contrary, the contribution of the subcrustal lithosphere to the surface topography strongly depends on the age, being slightly positive (+ 0.3 + 0.7 km) for the regions older than 1.6 Ga and negative (− 0.5–1 km) for younger structures. This leads to age-dependent variations in the residual topography, i.e. the topography which cannot be explained by the assumed thermal and density structure of the lithosphere, and which can (at least partly) originate from the dynamic component caused by the mantle flow. Positive dynamic topography at the cratonic margins, which exceeds 2 km in the Norwegian Caledonides and in the Urals, clearly links their on-going uplift with deep mantle processes. Negative residual topography beneath the Archean-Paleoproterozoic cratons (− 1–2 km) indicates either a smaller density deficit (ca. 0.9%) in their subcrustal lithosphere than predicted by global petrologic data on mantle-derived xenoliths or the presence of a strong convective downwelling in the mantle. Such mantle downflows can effectively divert heat from the lithospheric base, leading to a long-term survival of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic lithosphere.  相似文献   

内陆湖泊流域的化学风化及气候变化—以内蒙古岱海为例   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

金章东  季俊峰等 《地质论评》2001,47(1):42-46

利用湖泊沉积物中Rb/Sr值来反映受古气候制约的流域陆地化学风化率的变化，并恢复了岱海近400a以来以小冰期为特征的、具有100a准周期（经谱分析）的气候波动历史。通过磁化率、粘土矿物含量和种类的综合分析，确证了湖泊沉积物Rb/Sr值的变化可以用来重建流域内化学风化率与其相应的古气候演化过程，是湖泊沉积记录中具有比磁化率更明显气候意义的有效代用指标。  相似文献   

稀土元素示踪法在坡面土壤侵蚀垂直分布研究中的应用   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

刘普灵  武春龙  琚彤军  杨明义 《水科学进展》2001,12(3):331-335

通过野外全坡长侵蚀小区试验,证明了稀土元素示踪法在土壤侵蚀垂直分布研究中的可应用性。结果表明该径流小区产沙强度坡长存在三种变化模式:增长型,增长 递减型和波动型,其形成机理可能与径流过程有关。利用稀土元素在坡面的再分析,初步建立了估算坡面沟蚀率的关系式。  相似文献   

地震作用下智能相邻建筑的主动锚索控制     

徐幼麟  张文首 《世界地震工程》2001,17(1):15-29

研究了应用主动锚索控制装置控制相邻建筑地震响应的有效性。首先，建立了主动锚索－相邻建筑系统的运动方程；然后应用广义振型分析方法，寻求了主动锚索联结的相邻建筑的力学特性，特别是振型阻尼比；最后，在频率域内应用广义振型分析与虚拟激励相结合的方法，建立了主动锚索控制装置联结相邻建筑的随机地震响应的分析方法。应用本文建立的公式，我们编制了计算机程序，进行了广泛的参数研究，以评价控制装置的有效性，并确定最优传感器类型及控制装置参数。研究表明，如果应用速度传感器，并能适当地选择主动锚索控制器的参数，则可以显著地提高系统的振型阻尼比，减小两个结构的地震响应。  相似文献   

抗震结构的阻尼减振效果分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

龙旭  吴斌  欧进萍 《世界地震工程》2001,17(1):40-45

研究了抗震结构的阻尼减振效果。首先，考虑了单自由度体系在不同频率简谐干扰作用下阻尼比对结构反应的减小效果；然后，考虑了阻尼比对结构地震反应谱的影响，分析了我国现行建筑抗震设计规范反应谱，并讨论了不同阻尼比对水平地震影响系数的修正公式。  相似文献   

岩石非均匀性对超声衰减的影响及其修正   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王宝善  孙道远  李生杰  李伟东  施行觉  刘斌 《中国地震》2001,17(1):1-7

在充分考虑了岩石的非均匀性引起的Rayleigh散射对衰减测量值的影响后，通过有关理论和计算，将岩石的本征衰减和散射加以区分，对原先以均匀介质为基本假定的频谱比法进行了修正，改进后的频谱比法可在较宽的频率范围内进行Q值计算，避免了传统频谱比法在不同频段上得出不同的Q值的不确定性问题，同时，我们还引进并改进了频率移动法，我们将传统和改进的频谱比法，以及频率移动法应用于同一套实验数据，计算结果符合较好。  相似文献   

THE TECHNIQUE OF QUASI-LOSSLESS COMPRESSION OF THE REMOTE SENSING IMAGE     

HU Qingwu XUAN Jiabin 《地球空间信息科学学报》2001,4(1):50-55

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Relationship between erosion and sediment yield in drainage basins of loess gully-hilly areas     

Chen Hao 《地理学报(英文版)》2001,11(1):71-79

From a long-term point of view, the balance between erosion and sediment yield in a drainage system can basically realize, i.e., the delivery ratio can be close to 1. However, substantial variations among individual rainfall events or between annual delivery ratio exist, causing frequent sediment retaining or re-erosion and re-delivery of the retained sediments in a short period of time. Thus the delivery ratio will be < 1 or > 1. The sediment delivery ratio is closely related to the spatial distribution of rainfall and magnitude of rise and fall of peak flood and that of runoff depth in the drainage system. Delivery ratio of single event in a drainage system and changes of delivery capacity of silt-laden runoff in various classes of gullies can be expressed by transformation mechanism of shear force of a single rainstorm event with flood resulting from increase and decrease of peak flood per unit area.  相似文献   

无泥型软弱层带在动荷载作用下的阻尼特征     

胡卸文 《工程地质学报》2001,9(3):258-262

通过对三组含不同粒度成分的无泥型软弱层带室内土动三轴试验, 表明阻尼比有随动应变增加而增大的趋势, 但粒度成分和含水状态又对阻尼比产生不同的影响。分析显示, 以粗碎屑为特征的无泥型软弱层带对地震动荷载的反应程度可初步认为应属于不明显的土, 即其动力学性质变化 (衰减幅度)较松散～中等密实的饱和砂土要小。  相似文献   

尾波振幅比和能量比异常特征研究     

尹志文  李萍 《高原地震》2001,13(4):47-51

利用中国数字地震台网（CDSN）兰州台记录的短周期数字地震资料，测定了尾波最大振幅与S波最大振幅之比r1、尾波能量与S波能量之比的平方根值r2随时间的变化。结果表明：在永登主震（19950和天祝-古浪主震（1996）前，r1和r2均出现上升或下降异常变化，且有较大的偏离平均值的异常高值或异常低值出现。  相似文献