京津冀区域地面沉降灾害防治思考     

杨艳 《城市地质》2015,(1):1-7

本文基于京津冀区域一体化发展这一重大国家战略背景,针对在京津冀平原地区广泛发育的地面沉降灾害问题,分析灾害发育现状及危害,回顾既往灾害防治工作成果,解读京津冀区域地面沉降灾害防治工作存在的问题以及面临的挑战,从宏观上提出全面实施大区域地面沉降灾害防治基础性研究工作、加大京津冀联合水资源管理力度、落实区域地面沉降联防联控制度以及全力推进相关管理、标准体系建设工作等京津冀区域地面沉降灾害防治工作设想,并对后续工作开展提出建议。  相似文献   

Estimation and Projection of Non-Linear Relative Sea-Level Rise in the Seto Inland Sea,Japan     

Han Soo Lee  Arata Kaneko 《大气与海洋》2015,53(4):398-411

Future sea-level rise (SLR) in and around the Seto Inland Sea (SIS), Japan, is estimated in 2050 and 2100 using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and long-term sea-level records. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition, an adaptive data analysis method, can separate sea-level records into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) from high to low frequencies and a residual. The residual is considered a non-linear trend in the sea-level records. The mean SLR trend at Tokuyama in the SIS from EEMD is 3.00?mm?y^?1 from 1993 to 2010, which is slightly lower than the recent altimetry-based global rate of 3.3?±?0.4?mm?y^?1 during the same period. Uncertainty in SLR is estimated by considering interdecadal variations in the sea levels. The resulting SLR in 2050 and 2100 for Tokuyama is 0.19?±?0.06?m and 0.56?±?0.18?m, respectively. The stations along the coast of the Pacific Ocean display a greater and more rapid SLR in 2100 compared with other stations in the SIS. The SLR is caused not only by mass and volume changes in the sea water but also by other factors, such as local subsidence, tectonic motion, and river discharge. The non-linear trend of SLR, which is the residual from EEMD, is interpreted as the sum of the local factors that contribute to the sea-level budget.  相似文献   

利用Sentinel-1监测武汉市地面沉降   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

黄佳宾  郭云开  罗伟茂 《测绘通报》2021,(9):53-58

各大城市地下空间规划工程的建设施工,导致不同程度地面沉降的地质灾害。本文以2020年6月至2021年3月武汉市主城区的Sentinel-1A数据作为数据源,采用小基线集技术对该地区进行地表形变监测,并对其监测成果进行采样,形成时间序列形变图,通过对沉降数据对比分析,甄别出形变异常的区域,其成果可为防控地面沉降及其灾害链的发生与发展提供基础支持。  相似文献   

卡尔曼滤波在山西省西山煤田地面沉降GNSS监测中的应用     

章诗芳  张锦 《测绘通报》2021,(9):103-107

本文以山西省西山煤田某一工作面为试验区,在分析地面沉降全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）监测数据特征的基础上,利用两种卡尔曼滤波方法（普通和总体卡尔曼滤波）对矿区地面沉降GNSS监测数据进行了处理与评价,同时对比了两种卡尔曼滤波方法的均方根误差分布情况。试验结果表明,两种滤波方法的滤波结果与观测值趋势大致相同,但存在少数异常点。下沉量越大的监测点,滤波结果与观测值的差异越大,但总体卡尔曼滤波的差异明显小于普通卡尔曼滤波,特别是对于下沉量较大的监测点。下沉量越大的监测点,其均方根误差越大,总体卡尔曼滤增大的速度远小于普通卡尔曼滤波,总体卡尔曼滤波均方根误差的最大值小于0.1 m,普通卡尔曼滤波的则接近0.4 m。  相似文献   

机载激光点云构建西部矿区开采沉陷模型研究     

何柯璐  汤伏全  韦书平  李小涛 《测绘科学》2021,46(2):130-138

针对榆神矿区地形起伏而植被覆盖度较低的条件,采用无人机激光雷达(LiDAR)对采煤沉陷盆地进行地面扫描和建模,按现有的点云滤波和插值算法所构建的沉陷模型精度不足的问题,该文提出基于格网高程排序的类地面点云提取算法,通过改变格网大小和点云提取比例来优化点云滤波效果,改进了地表沉陷模型的精度。在此基础上,选用概率积分法和GaussAmp函数对沉陷模型进行最小二乘拟合,结果表明GaussAmp函数对于试验区地表动态沉陷模型的拟合精度更高。  相似文献   

北京潮白河冲洪积扇地面沉降时空异质性特征及驱动因素分析     

程蕊  朱琳  周佳慧  郭高轩  郭琳  李蕙君  陈蓓蓓 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2021,51(4):1182-1192

为了研究地面沉降的时空分布模式、机理机制,选择北京典型沉降区——潮白河冲洪积扇为研究区,采用PS-InSAR技术、莫兰指数及地理探测器,分析了研究区地面沉降的空间异质性特征,探测了不同特征下的地面沉降的主要驱动因素。结果表明：2017-01—2019-01研究区内地面沉降时空分布特征以一般沉降为主,沉降速率为[-133,3] mm/a,最大累积沉降量为261 mm,呈北部轻微、中部较严重、南部较轻的分布状态,其中,严重、极严重等级地面沉降主要分布在中游顺义后沙峪东部等地区及中下游交界地带的潞城镇;不同地区地面沉降呈现不同的空间异质性特征,即不均匀地面沉降分布特征明显,中游、下游均表现为低—低集聚;不同分布特征下地面沉降主要驱动因素不同,中游地区主要驱动因素为第二承压水水位变化和可压缩层厚度,下游主要驱动因素为浅层地下水水位变化和第一承压水水位变化。莫兰指数能够有效分析地面沉降空间异质性,识别集聚特征;地理探测器可以探明沉降空间异质性成因,获得其主要驱动因素。  相似文献   

The deep mantle upwelling beneath the northwestern South China Sea:Insights from the time-varying residual subsidence in the Qiongdongnan Basin     

Zhong-Xian Zhao 《地学前缘(英文版)》2021,12(6):223-235

Deep hot mantle upwelling is widely revealed around the Qiongdongnan Basin on the northwestern South China Sea margin.However,when and how it influenced the hyper-extended basin is unclear.To resolve these issues,a detailed analysis of the Cenozoic time-varying residual subsidence derived by subtracting the predicted subsidence from the backstripped subsidence was performed along a new seismic reflection line in the western Qiongdongnan Basin.For the first time,a method is proposed to cal-culate the time-varying strain rates constrained by the faults growth rates,on basis of which,the pre-dicted basement subsidence is obtained with a basin-and lithosphere-scale coupled finite extension model,and the backstripped subsidence is accurately recovered with a modified technique of backstrip-ping to eliminate the effects of later episodes of rifting on earlier sediment thickness.Results show no residual subsidence in 45-28.4 Ma.But after 28.4 Ma,negative residual subsidence occurred,reached and remained ca.-1000 m during 23-11.6 Ma,and reduced dramatically after 11.6 Ma.In the syn-rift period(45-23 Ma),the residual subsidence is ca.-1000 m,however in the post-rift period(23-0 Ma),it is positive of ca.300 to 1300 m increasing southeastwards.These results suggest that the syn-rift sub-sidence deficit commenced at 28.4 Ma,while the post-rift excess subsidence occurred after 11.6 Ma.Combined with previous studies,it is inferred that the opposite residual subsidence in the syn-and post-rift periods with similar large wavelengths(＞102 km)and km-scale amplitudes are the results of transient dynamic topography induced by deep mantle upwelling beneath the central QDNB,which started to influence the basin at ca.28.4 Ma,continued into the Middle Miocene,and decayed at ca.11.6 Ma.The initial mantle upwelling with significant dynamic uplift had precipitated considerable con-tinental extension and faulting in the Late Oligocene(28.4-23 Ma).After ca.11.6 Ma,strong mantle upwelling probably occurred beneath the Leizhou-Hainan area to form vast basaltic lava flow.  相似文献   

中-晚二叠世上扬子地块(四川盆地区)裂解的沉积响应     

邓莉  闫全人  宋博  高山林 《岩石学报》2021,37(8):2465-2482

中-晚二叠世,上扬子(四川盆地区)碳酸盐岩台地内发育三条北西-南东走向的裂谷,它们是重要的油气储集区带,如普光和元坝气田就产于开江-梁平裂谷两侧。但是对这些裂谷的开始时代和构造成因等关键地质问题,还缺乏详细的沉积学研究,且存在较大争议。本文通过大比例露头剖面和钻井岩芯测量以及详细的沉积相分析对比,对开江-梁平裂谷的构造沉积过程进行了深入细致的研究。调查发现,在开江-梁平裂谷北缘,中二叠统栖霞组上段至茅口组2段发育大规模斜坡相碳酸盐岩滑塌堆积,揭上扬子地块四川盆地区于中二叠世栖霞晚期开始发生伸展裂解。茅口组3段至上二叠统长兴组为超覆于滑塌堆积之上的硅质岩和碳-硅质泥岩等深水盆地相沉积,表明开江-梁平裂谷从中二叠世茅口晚期开始由伸展裂解转变为区域沉降,即开江-梁平裂谷经历了伸展裂解和区域沉降两个构造沉积阶段。伸展裂解阶段,开江-梁平裂谷是一个发育于碳酸盐岩台地内的不对称海相半地堑盆地,北侧为发育大规模碳酸盐岩滑塌堆积的下盘断斜坡带,南侧为发育缓斜坡生物碎屑滩和礁灰岩的上盘缓斜坡带;区域沉降阶段,开江-梁平裂谷表现为东翘西降的不均匀沉降,发育自东向西不断进积的潮坪-潟湖相和高能浅滩相沉积等。本文研究成结果对分析和圈定四川盆地区中-晚二叠世油气储集相带的时空分布具有重要科学意义,也为研究碳酸盐岩滑塌堆积提供了一个新范例。  相似文献   

利用短基线集InSAR技术监测抚顺市地面沉降   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

杨帆  张磊  张子文  赵增鹏 《测绘通报》2018,(3):84-88

抚顺市是一座因煤而兴起的综合型重工业城市,矿产的大量开采导致了大范围的地面沉降。针对这一问题,为了有效监测抚顺市的地表形变,本文利用短基线集（SBAS）技术对覆盖抚顺市部分地区的12景COSMO-SkyMed高分辨率SAR数据进行了处理,获得了该研究区域的地面沉降分布和沉降速率图。试验结果表明,研究区整体呈现出沉降的趋势,沉降速率大部分在-25~-45 mm/a的范围内。其中新抚区沉降最为严重,有2个沉降严重的区域,最大沉降速率达到了-186 mm/a。该试验结果为抚顺市露天矿采矿导致的地面沉降与地质灾害监测提供了切实有利的数据参考。  相似文献   

Neotectonic evolution of the Tarim Basin Craton from Neogene to quaternary     

Zhenglong Jiang  Shu Jiang  Xiaodong Lan  Buqing Wang  Shaoying Huang  He Zhang 《International Geology Review》2018,60(10):1213-1230

The Tarim Basin Craton is located in the center of the Tarim Basin. Since the beginning of the Miocene, the tectonic activity has been weaker in the Tarim Basin Craton than in the marginal depression and the peripheral orogenic belts. This study investigates the tectonic movements in the Tarim Basin Craton by calculating the sedimentation rates and constructing balanced cross-sections based on well, seismic and geologic data. The tectonic movements in the Tarim Basin Craton have mainly been revealed by geological processes such as sedimentation and subsidence, structural inversion, changes in the structural feature, migration of the structural highs, and faulting. The Neogene sedimentary strata were mainly deposited in two sedimentation centers, the southern and northern sedimentation centers, and the strata in the Central Uplift Zone are relatively thin. The different depressions in different geological periods experienced wide variations in tectonic activity. Tectonic subsidence was significant and the sedimentation rates were high in the Tarim Basin Craton during the Pliocene Period (phase II). During the Neotectonic period, the stresses in the South-North direction converged in the Central Uplift Zone (the Bachu uplift–Central Tarim uplift), and the tectonic activity in this region was more intense than that in the Northern Depression and the Maigaiti Slope in the southwest. In addition, the scale of the paleo-uplift, including paleo-North Tarim Uplift and paleo-Central Uplift Zone, gradually decreased. The faults and fault systems developed zonationally in Neotectonic formations in different structural units, and always distributed discontinuously in vertical direction in sections.  相似文献