利用地形变观测量求解地壳水平应变场的方法   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

江在森  张希  王双绪  祝意青 《地震》1999,19(1):41-48

在前人工作基础上,初步研究建立了利用多种地形变资料联合求解地壳应变连续分布的方法途径和数学模型。包括利用多种地形变观测资料整体解算测区分单元的应变张量的最小二乘平差模型,以及借助最小二乘配置进行应变空间连续分布估计的方法,并给出了对临潼水平形变网监测资料的试算结果。  相似文献   

Deterministic ground motion simulations with shallow crust nonlinearity at Garner Valley in Southern California     

Elnaz Seylabi  Doriam Restrepo  Ricardo Taborda  Domniki Asimaki 《地震工程与结构动力学》2021,50(1):43-59

We present deterministic ground motion simulations that account for the cyclic multiaxial response of sediments in the shallow crust. We use the Garner Valley in Southern California as a test case. The multiaxial constitutive model is based on the bounding surface plasticity theory in terms of total stress and is implemented in a high‐performance computing finite‐element parallel code. A major advantage of this model is the small number of free parameters that need to be calibrated given a shear modulus reduction curve and the ultimate soil strength. This, in turn, makes the model suitable for regional‐scale simulations, where geotechnical data in the shallow crust are scarce. In this paper, we first describe a series of numerical experiments designed to verify the model implementation. This is followed by a series of idealized large‐scale simulations in a 35 26 4.5 km domain that encompasses the Garner Valley downhole array site, which is an instrumented and well‐characterized site in Southern California. Material properties were extracted from the Southern California Earthquake Center Community velocity model, CVM‐S4.26, considering its optional geotechnical layer, while the modulus reduction curves and soil strength were selected empirically to constrain the nonlinear soil model parameters. Our nonlinear simulations suggest that peak ground displacements within the valley increase relative to the linear case, while peak ground accelerations can increase or decrease, depending on the frequency content of the excitation. The comparisons of our simulations against hybrid three‐dimensional–one‐dimensional site response analyses suggest the inadequacy of the latter to capture the complexity of fully three‐dimensional simulations.  相似文献   

九寨沟M_s7.0地震前地应变LURR异常演化特征     

岳冲  牛安福  余怀忠  吉平  姜祥华  马未宇  王亚丽 《中国地震》2020,36(2):267-275

从岩石应力-应变的本构关系出发,以能够反映岩石应变变化的地应变观测数据作为"响应量",通过库伦应力触发模型的加卸载响应比计算方法,计算2017年8月8日九寨沟M_S7.0地震前震中及周边500km范围内应变观测的加卸载响应比结果。结果显示,基于应变观测的加卸载响应比方法能够较好地从潮汐频段提取地震前LURR异常,九寨沟地震前,300km范围内的多个应变观测台站出现LURR异常,其中相距96km的两水台EW分量Y值最大达到3.27;LURR空间演化特征显示,在震前约9个月内震中及周边地区陆续出现异常"集中—增强—减弱"过程,证明该地区在长期应力累积的背景下,应力的不断累积增强导致震中及附近区域的岩石出现不断损伤或弱化,最终位于树正断裂上的应变能积累超过了介质强度而引发了此次地震。  相似文献   

用近场记录研究唐山地震的震源过程   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郑天愉  姚振光 《地球物理学报》1993,36(2):174-184

通过对唐山地震近场记录的波形拟合,研究了震源短周期运动过程的基本特征,推断了主要破裂事件的震源参数.结果表明,高频地震波中的主要部分来自几个局部区域的破裂过程.它们的错距分布相当集中,上升时间为1.1-1.5s.由5次破裂事件组成的震源模型中引人随机扰动量,较好地描绘了地面运动的高频状态.  相似文献   

1993年1月北京“震级问题研讨会”述评     

张少泉  修济刚 《地震地磁观测与研究》1993,14(3):59-65

1993年1月在北京举行了震级问题研讨会,本文对会议涉及到的我国地震台网测定的大震速报震级,与国际台网测定结果存在系统偏差的问题,从事实、原因、改进方法、消除可能带来的影响以及今后的改进意见等方面,进行了全面评述。  相似文献   

红河断裂带测区古构造残余应力随深度分布X射线测量     

安欧  高国宝 《地震研究》1993,16(2):169-177

以岩体正交各向异性弹性理论为基础,用X射线衍射法,在红河断裂带测区,选用12个大口径钻孔用金刚石钻头钻取的岩芯,测量了岩体中三维宏观残余应力和微观残余应力及其弹性应变能密度随深度的分布,分析了它们沿深度的分布规律。  相似文献   

中国地震代表团赴日考察大震演习     

The Chinese Seismological Delegation 《国际地震动态》1993,(3):17-21

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Slip partitioning along major convergent plate boundaries   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Guang Yu  Steven G. Wesnousky  Göran Ekström 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1993,140(2):183-210

Along plate boundaries characterized by oblique convergence, earthquake slip vectors are commonly rotated toward the normal of the trench with respect to predicted plate motion vectors. Consequently, relative plate motion along such convergent margins must be partitioned between displacements along the thrust plate interface and deformation within the forearc and back-arc regions. The deformation behind the trench may take the form of strike-slip motion, back-arc extension, or some combination of both. We observe from our analysis of the Harvard Moment Tensor Catalog that convergent arcs characterized by back-arc spreading, specifically the Marianas and New Hebrides, are characterized by a large degree of slip partitioning. However, the observed rates, directions, and location of back-arc spreading are not sufficient to account for degree of partitioning observed along the respective arcs, implying that the oblique component of subduction is also accommodated in part by shearing of the overriding plate. In the case of the Sumatran arc, where partitioning is accommodated by strike-slip faulting in the overriding plate, the degree of partitioning is similar to that observed along the Marianas, but the result is viewed with caution because it is based on a predicted plate motion vector that is based on locally derived earthquake slip vectors. In the case of the Alaskan-Aleutian arc, where back-arc spreading is also absent, the degree of partitioning is less and rotation of slip vectors toward the trench normal appears to increase linearly as a function of the obliquity of convergence. If partitioning in the Alaskan-Aleutian arc is accommodated by strike-slip faulting within the upper plate, the positive relationship between obliquity of convergence and the rotation of earthquake slip vectors to the trench normal may reflect that either (1) the ratio of the depth extent of strike-slip faults behind the trenchZ _s to the subduction thrustZ _t increases westward along the arc, (2) the dip of the subduction thrust increases westward along the arc, or (3) the strength of the subduction thrust decreases westward along the arc.  相似文献   

密度对各向同性冰雪应变率的影响     

高向群 《冰川冻土》1993,15(3):487-491

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印度板块北边界地震活动和中国大陆地震   总被引：17，自引：8，他引：17  

张国民  李献智 《地震》1994,(3):1-9

本文研究了印度板块北边界地震活动与我国大陆地震活动的关系，给出了两者在时间起伏上的一致性，以及印度板块北边界兴都库会和缅甸两端点附近中深地震对中国大际强震活动所具有的前兆性和相关性。这些特点，对于中国大陆强震活动的预测，尤其是地震大形势预测是十分有意义的。文中还应用了中国大陆强震孕育发生的计算机模型的研究结果，讨论了强震活动的时空分布特征，对于理解中国大陆作为一个孕震系统在周围地质构造块体动力作用  相似文献