中国晚前寒武纪的宏体化石概观   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

陈孟莪 《地质科学》1989,62(3):244-255

本文综述了目前中国晚前寒武纪地层中所发现的宏体化石,从18亿年起直到6亿年左右。蓟县剖面高于庄组(14亿年)中发现Grypanta等大化石,再次证明生物演化大阶段的世界性。包括后生动物实体化石在内的淮南生物群可能是前冰期的,也就是先伊迪卡拉期的。震旦纪晚期的西陵峡生物群,现有伊迪卡拉期的典型分子,又有丰富的蠕虫管和高级的红藻、绿藻类。蠕虫管的大量出现预告了带硬部动物时代的到来。  相似文献   

新疆巴里坤晚志留世地层及四射珊瑚   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡土赐 《新疆地质》1989,(1)

新疆巴里坤地区晚志留世地层比较发育,层序清楚,化石丰富,其中珊瑚和腕足类最多.巴里坤地区上志留统叫阔克赛尔克组,又分上下两亚组.下亚组丰产床板珊瑚和四射珊瑚.如Holmophyllum,Kodonophyllum,Tryplasma,Chlamydophyllum,Rhizophyllum,Kyphophyllyum,Entelophyllia,Cymatelasma,Cyathophylloides,Micula.Pilophyllum,Pseudamplexus,Ramulophyllum,SPongophyllum,Spongophyl-loides,Nanshanophhpllum and Thecia,Mesofavosites,Favosites,Pentamerus等,厚76—221m.上亚组仅含一些蜂巢珊瑚(Favosites),厚158—170m.阔克赛尔克山上志留统阔克赛尔克组的生物群落是很特殊的,可与吉林省二道沟区小绥河组.辽宁省昭乌达盟敖汉地区的下石碑组及内蒙自治区百灵庙北的巴特敖包群对比,显然,阔克赛尔克组的地质时代相当晚志留世罗德洛阶.  相似文献   

Relative sea-level fluctuations and brown coal formation around the Early-Middle Miocene boundary in the Lusatian Brown Coal District     

G. Standke  J. Rascher  C. Strauss 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1993,82(2):295-305

The Tertiary sedimentary sequence in the Lusatian Brown Coal District is the result of several transgressive pulses with intercalated regressive phases. Regression repeatedly resulted in the formation of large littoral bogs at the transition between brackish and terrestrial palaeoenvironments. In the lithofacies changes of the Lower-Middle Miocene strata (high energy sands, low energy intertidal silts, paralic peats) long-term changes as well as short-term oscillations of sea level are recorded. The rise of sea level in the upper Lower Miocene (Hemmoorian transgression) is proved in numerous localities of the investigation area. After a regression phase with major peat formation events around the Lower-Middle Miocene boundary, a renewed sea-level rise resulted in the widest extension of marine-brackish beds over pre-Tertiary basement in the south of the region (higher Reinbekian transgression, Middle Miocene). Very differentiated, fine-scaled, probably sea-level induced coastline oscillations could probably be traced even into the coal seams by the recognition of successive bogfacial types possibly showing a groundwater level change in the ancient peat bog (change of topogeneous and ombrogeneous bog types). A biostratigraphic calibration of the decalcified Lower-Middle Miocene sequence with its alternating transgressive and regressive trends to the fully marine sediments of the basinal centre, which are dated by calcareous microfossils, is possible by means of dinoflagellate cysts and pollen and spores. Correspondence to: C. Strauss  相似文献   

Miocene pinnipeds of the otariid subfamily Allodesminae in the North Pacific Ocean: Systematics and relationships   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lawrence G.  Barnes Kiyoharu  Hirota 《Island Arc》1994,3(4):329-360

Abstract Fossil pinnipeds in the extinct otariid subfamily Allodesminae are large, relatively highly evolved marine carnivores that became abundant and diverse in Middle Miocene time and were restricted to the North Pacific Ocean. Their record extends from early Middle Miocene through Late Miocene, with records from California, Oregon, Washington, Baja California and Japan. Allodesmines are characterized by extreme sexual dimorphism, a large orbit, retracted orbital margin of the zygomatic arch, a deeply mortised jugal-squamosal junction, wide palate, bulbous cheek tooth crowns, nearly flat tympanic bulla with wrinkled ventral surface, a large tympanohyal fossa, large ear ossicles and deep mandible. Eleven allodesmine species are known (eight of which are named), in at least four genera, and most belong to the typical genus Allodesmus Kellogg, 1922. The earliest and most generalized allodesmine known is from the early Middle Miocene (ca 16 Ma) Astoria Formation in coastal Oregon. The last known records are from Late Miocene rocks (ca 10 Ma) in California and Washington. New taxa proposed here are: the genus Brachyallodesmus Barnes and Hirota, to contain Allodesmus packardi Barnes, 1972; the genus Megagomphos Hirota and Barnes, to contain Allodesmus sinanoensis (Nagao, 1941); the species Allodesmus sadoensis Hirota, (Middle Miocene, Japan); the species Allodesmus megallos Hirota (Middle Miocene, Japan); and the species Allodesmus gracilis Barnes (Middle Miocene, California). Additionally, the genus Atopotarus Downs, 1956, and the species Allodesmus kelloggi Mitchell, 1966, are resurrected. Allodesmines were apparently a rapidly evolving group, and most appear to have been adapted to roles later filled by otariine, dusignathine and imagotariine otariids, and the Phocidae (true seals). They became extinct in Late Miocene time and left no living descendants. Although some of their characters evolved convergently with various living species of the pinniped family Phocidae, Allodesminae are an otariid group and not part of the evolutionary history of Phocidae.  相似文献   

High-frequency climatic oscillations during the last deglaciation as revealed by oxygen-isotope records of benthic organisms (Ammersee,southern Germany)   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

U. von Grafenstein  H. Erlenkeuser  A. Kleinmann  J. Müller  P. Trimborn 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1994,11(3):349-357

High-resolution oxygen-isotope records of benthic ostracods and molluscs from Ammersee, southern Germany, show high-frequency climatic changes during the last deglaciation and parallel in great detail published faunal and floral variations reconstructed from Norwegian Sea sediments and isotope variations in Greenland ice cores. The marine and the terrestrial records give evidence of a synchronous late glacial climatic development in Greenland, NW- and Mid-Europe. However,¹⁴C-ages of the supraregional climatic events and of two tephra layers in the marine sediments of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean are significantly older than the¹⁴C-ages of the corresponding horizons on land. These differences strongly suggest that major short-term events have affected the exchangeable carbon on earth during the dramatic environmental changes related to the deglaciation and in particular have affected the CO₂-distribution within the ocean and between ocean and atmosphere. Dating methods independent of climatic variations and of the global carbon budget should be given priority to refine the timescales of the marine and atmospheric processes during the last deglaciation.This is the fourth paper in a series of papers published in this issue on high-resolution paleolimnology. These papers were presented at the Sixth International Palaeolimnology Symposium held 19–21 April, 1993 at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Dr. A. F. Lotter and Dr. M. Sturm served as guest editors for these papers.  相似文献   

The impact of the Laacher See Volcano (11 000 yr B.P.) on terrestrial vegetation and diatoms     

H. J. B. Birks  A. F. Lotter 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1994,11(3):313-322

Late-glacial lake sediments containing the Laacher See Tephra (LST, 11 000 yr B.P.) have been analyzed for their pollen and diatom content at three sites at varying distances from the volcano and on different bedrock geologies. The aim was to test the null hypothesis that this major volcanic eruption had no effect on terrestrial pollen or aquatic diatom assemblages. The pollen spectra at all sites show a short-lived increase in grass pollen following the LST. Partial redundancy analysis and associated Monte Carlo permutation tests suggest, however, that the LST had no statistically significant effect at two sites but it had a statistically significant impact on the pollen assemblages at the site nearest (60 km) to the volcano.The diatom assemblages at the three sites changed individualistically after the LST deposition, with increases inAchnanthes minutissima at one site, an expansion ofAulacoseira species at another, and an increase ofAsterionella formosa andFragilaria brevistriata at the third site. Partial redundancy analysis and associated permutation tests suggest a statistically significant change in diatoms in relation to the LST and associated changes in sediment lithology at the one site situated on acidic bedrock. No significant impacts were found at the sites on volcanic or calcareous rocks. Due to the interaction between tephra and sediment lithology, it is not possible to conclude if the statistically significant diatom changes were a direct result of the LST deposition or an indirect result of lithological changes following LST deposition.This is the first paper in a series of papers published in this issue on high-resolution paleolimnology. These papers were presented at the Sixth International Paeolimnology Symposium held 19–21 April, 1993 at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Dr A. F. Lotter and Dr. M. Sturm served as guest editors for these papers.  相似文献   

甘肃武都龙家沟盆地地层时代及发育特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张云翔  薛祥煦 《西北地质科学》1994,15(2):27-31

根据化石组合，龙家沟盆地的地层可划分为中侏罗统龙家沟组，上白垩统及上中新统保德组。龙家沟组是盆地的主体沉积，含有多层煤层及油页岩。保德组中发现有我国著名的“龙家沟三趾马动物群”．是保德期庙梁亚期的主要代表动物群之一。  相似文献   

西南极乔治王岛第三纪珊瑚          下载免费PDF全文

邓占球 《极地研究》1995,7(3):67-73

本文报道了采自南极乔治王岛东部梅尔维尔半岛的非造礁珊瑚化石：Ｆｌａｂｅｌｕｍ（Ｆｌａｂｅｌ－ｌｕｍ）ｒａｒｉｓｅｎｔａｔｕｍＲｏｎｉｅｗｉｃｚａｎｄＭｏｒｙｃｏｗａ，从其产出的层位表明，在晚第三纪中新世的时期中，在南极洲已有分布  相似文献   

不发达地区区域开发的几个理论问题   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

汪一鸣 《地理学报》1993,48(6):497-504

本文在论述区域发展一般原理的基础上,分析了不发达地区的特殊性、不发达地区经济起飞必须具备的前提条件,肯定了国家干预对不发达地区开发的作用,提出了不发达地区区域开发的目标选择及综合开发战略。  相似文献   

辽南晚前寒武纪地层中的宏体化石之地层意义的探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

陈孟莪 《地质科学》1991,(2):120-128

辽南地区晚前寒武纪地层中多层位宏体化石的发现,使序列更完善。根据化石生物机体的复杂程度,可列入前冰期的辽南系,它介于震旦系和青白口系之间。其南关岭组的宏体化石组合类似淮南地区的九里桥组,提高了两区的晚前寒武纪地层的对比度。复州湾沙山村赵家坎子剖面再次证明大连市南、北部晚前寒武纪地史发育的一致性及原区调队等单位对地层叠接的正确性。  相似文献