中国大陆科学钻探主孔自然放射性测井及其解释   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

骆淼  潘和平  赵永刚  张红杰  周峰 《地球科学》2008,33(5):661-671

为了认识江苏东海超高压变质带上地壳岩石自然放射性的垂向分布特征, 榴辉岩退变质程度对放射性元素浓度的影响, 以及放射性产热率对地温梯度的影响, 利用中国大陆科学钻探(CCSD) 主孔100~5000m自然放射性测井(自然伽马和自然伽马能谱) 资料统计了CCSD主孔各类岩石的自然放射性强度和铀、钍、钾元素的浓度, 计算出产热率曲线.自然伽马, 铀、钍、钾浓度和产热率从蛇纹岩到榴辉岩、角闪岩、副片麻岩、正片麻岩依次增大.随着榴辉岩退变质程度的增强, 其铀、钍、钾元素的浓度值逐渐增大.CCSD主孔自然放射性的垂向分布特征主要受岩性控制, 自然放射性随深度增加有增强趋势.产热率与自然伽马测井值之间有很好的线性关系, 在高放射性岩层的上部, 地温梯度会出现较强扰动和低值异常.   相似文献   

西安城市化对气温变化趋势的影响   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

高红燕  蔡新玲  贺皓  王骊华  寇小兰  张宏 《地理学报》2009,64(9):1093-1102

利用1951-2006年西安及周围3站点的气象数据分析了城市气温变化和周围台站温度变化的差异,给出了4个测站不同阶段、不同季节城市化影响气温变化的趋势系数及线性变化趋势。结果表明：城市化对气温的影响具有明显的阶段性和季节性。1980年以前,无论平均气温还是月最低气温和最高气温,西安与其周围站点的线性趋势系数及线性变化趋势相差不大;但在1980年以后,城市站的线性趋势系数明显大于周围站点的趋势系数,特别是在1993年以后,西安站的平均气温、最高和最低气温线性趋势系数远大于其周围站点的趋势系数,是周围站点的1.6~3.5倍,说明城市的热岛效应不但提高了城市的温度同时也改变城市的增温率,使得城市气温增温率加大。西安及其周围站的线性增暖趋势在春季最大,其中西安达到2.20 ^oC/10a,是其它季节的2~4倍;秋季的线性增暖幅度次之,夏季最小。热岛效应对最高气温的最大贡献在春季,对最低气温的最大贡献在冬季。  相似文献   

基于遥感影像的哈尔滨市城市热环境变化     

张新乐  张树文  李颖  谢云峰  匡文慧 《干旱区地理》2009,32(2)

以Landsat TM/ETM+为基本数据源,利用遥感和GIS技术定量反演了哈尔滨市1989和2000年的地面亮温和植被指数(NDVI),对标准化地面亮温分级数据进行热力景观指数计算,研究城市热场分布的空间格局、时空变化规律和不同植被指数(NDVI)等级下热环境的变化特征.结果表明:1989和2000年哈尔滨市建成区均存在显著的热岛效应,2000年建成区热岛效应增强,哈尔滨市总体地面亮温升高;热力景观日趋破碎,各景观类型受干扰程度较大,处于很不稳定的状态.NDVI与地面亮温的负相关性随着植被覆盖度的升高而增大;植被覆盖度与地面亮温的空间变异呈负相关.  相似文献   

亚热带4种行道树树干表面CO_2释放速率昼夜动态     

魏国军  盛浩  杨智杰  袁一丁  杨玉盛 《福建地理》2009,(1)

采用LI-8100土壤碳通量自动测量系统,与自制的树干呼吸观测气室相连,原位观测亚热带春、秋2个季节4种行道树树干呼吸速率及相关环境因子的昼夜动态.结果表明:在秋季土壤水分较低水平下(VWC平均为11.6%),羊蹄甲、香樟树干呼吸速率昼夜动态呈单峰曲线,和温度变化呈极显著指数函数关系,峰值分别出现在17:00和13:00;芒果和高山榕树干呼吸速率昼夜动态单峰不明显,白天与树干温度变化呈极显著指数函数关系,但芒果白天与夜间的树干呼吸速率差异不显著,而高山榕树干呼吸速率夜间显著高于白天,二者出现"白昼抑制"现象.在春季土壤水分较高水平下(VWC平均为22.1%),羊蹄甲、芒果和高山榕树干呼吸速率昼夜动态呈单峰型曲线,峰值分别出现在11:00、15:00和14:00;而香樟树干呼吸速率单峰不明显,4种树种的树干呼吸速率昼夜动态均与温度变化呈极显著指数函数关系.2个季节中,树干温度与树干呼吸的指数函数关系最好,秋季羊蹄甲、芒果和香樟树干呼吸速率对树干昼夜温度变化的Q10值分别为2.04、2.37和2.18,春季羊蹄甲、芒果、香樟和高山榕树干呼吸速率对树干昼夜温度变化的Q10值分别为2.27、2.58、1.90和1.8...  相似文献   

Estimation of precipitation condensation latent heat in rainy season over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     

DongLiang Li  Hui Wang  Miao Liu 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(2):0099-0106

The basic data for this research comprise the outgoing long-wave radiation(OLR) data observed by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA) series satellites from June 1974 through December 2005 over the area of 75°-105°E and 25°-40°N(totaling 91 grid zones when the horizontal resolution is 2.5° longitude by 2.5° latitude) and the monthly rainfall data recorded,from 1961 through 2005,by 93 conventional meteorological stations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Based on the research of the relation between rainfall and OLR and climate regionalization,a mathematic model was established for each region and grid zone,which is applied to estimate the monthly rainfall and then to estimate the monthly latent heat resulting from the condensation of precipitation year by year from 1961 through 2005.The results indicated that the multi-year average precipitation is 401.5 mm and the condensation latent heat is 18.55×1020 J in the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau;the increasing rate of condensation latent heat is 0.218×1020J/10a in the recent 45 years;that is to say,it will increase 1.2 percent in each decade.Furthermore,the total condensation latent heat and its variation rate in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are slightly larger than in the east to the plateau.  相似文献   

云南高原楚雄市热岛效应因子的灰色分析   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

何萍  陈辉  李宏波  席武俊 《地理科学进展》2009,28(1)

采用云南高原楚雄市和其郊区南华气象观测站近30年的温度差值作为衡量热岛效应的标准,并合理选取楚雄市8项综合指标作为城市热岛效应因子,运用灰色关联度分析法对影响楚雄城市热岛效应的因子群进行了贡献关联度分析.结果表明:人口密度和耗电量是造成城市热岛效应的主要人为因子,风速和日照时数是影响城市热岛效应的主要气象因子.灰色系统协调预测模型的拟合和预测表明楚雄城市热岛效应今后5年有增强的趋势.  相似文献   

The relationship between reference canopy conductance and simplified hydraulic architecture     

Kimberly Novick  Ram Oren  Paul Stoy  Jehn-Yih Juang  Mario Siqueira  Gabriel Katul 《Advances in water resources》2009

Terrestrial ecosystems are dominated by vascular plants that form a mosaic of hydraulic conduits to water movement from the soil to the atmosphere. Together with canopy leaf area, canopy stomatal conductance regulates plant water use and thereby photosynthesis and growth. Although stomatal conductance is coordinated with plant hydraulic conductance, governing relationships across species has not yet been formulated at a practical level that can be employed in large-scale models. Here, combinations of published conductance measurements obtained with several methodologies across boreal to tropical climates were used to explore relationships between canopy conductance rates and hydraulic constraints. A parsimonious hydraulic model requiring sapwood-to-leaf area ratio and canopy height generated acceptable agreement with measurements across a range of biomes (r²=0.75)$(r^2=0.75)$. The results suggest that, at long time scales, the functional convergence among ecosystems in the relationship between water-use and hydraulic architecture eclipses inter-specific variation in physiology and anatomy of the transport system. Prognostic applicability of this model requires independent knowledge of sapwood-to-leaf area. In this study, we did not find a strong relationship between sapwood-to-leaf area and physical or climatic variables that are readily determinable at coarse scales, though the results suggest that climate may have a mediating influence on the relationship between sapwood-to-leaf area and height. Within temperate forests, canopy height alone explained a large amount of the variance in reference canopy conductance (r²=0.68)$(r^2=0.68)$ and this relationship may be more immediately applicable in the terrestrial ecosystem models.  相似文献   

Comparison of cell- and vertex-centered discretization methods for flow in a two-dimensional discrete-fracture–matrix system     

H. Hægland  A. Assteerawatt  H.K. Dahle  G.T. Eigestad  R. Helmig 《Advances in water resources》2009

Simulations of flow for a discrete-fracture model in fractured porous rocks have gradually become more practical, as a consequence of increased computer power and improved simulation and characterization techniques. Discrete-fracture models can be formulated in a lower-dimensional framework, where the fractures are modeled in a lower dimension than the matrix, or in an equi-dimensional form, where the fractures and the matrix have the same dimension.  相似文献   

Numerical simulation for the coupling effect of local atmospheric circulations over the area of Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei Province   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

ShuHua Liu  ZhenXin Liu  Ju Li  YinChun Wang  YanJun Ma  Li Sheng  HePing Liu  FuMing Liang  GuoJun Xin  JianHua Wang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(3):382-392

Using the model system MM5.V3 and multi-layer grid nesting technique, we have done a multi-scale numerical simulation over the area of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei Province to analyze the temperature and wind field there and study its local circulations. The results show a coupling effect of Urban Heat Island Circulation (UHIC), Mountain Valley Breeze (MVB) and Sea Land Breeze (SLB) occurs in this area when the synoptic system is weak. The SLB can penetrate deep into the mainland for about 200 km when it is blooming. MVB can extend to south and cover almost the whole plain area in Beijing. Both MVB and SLB are diurnal periodical; meanwhile the phase of MVB drops behind that of SLB for about six hours. As a local circulation, the UHIC weakens the two circulations above, and it also has a diurnal period. As a result, the coupling effect of circulations reveals not only different features in spring-summer period and autumn-winter period in a year but also the difference between early morning to noonday and afternoon to night in a day. We noted the diffusion of contamination over the area around Beijing, and found the steady presence of a transport routine of contamination over North-China throughout the year caused by the Coupling Effect mentioned above. This find is important for studying the environment pollution in this area. Supported by Central Public Welfare Special Fund Program for the Institute and Higher Education (Grant No. IUMKY200701), Public Welfare Special Fund Program (Meteorology) of China Scientific and Technological Ministry (Grant Nos. CYHY20080620, CYHY200706004), Spread New Technology Program of China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. CMATG2007M15) and Urban Meteorology Scientific Research Fund Program of the Institute of Beijing Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. UMRF200702)  相似文献   

Uncertainty analysis of CO_2 flux components in subtropical evergreen coniferous plantation     

LIU Min      HE HongLin  YU GuiRui  LUO YiQi  SUN XiaoMin & WANG HuiMin Institute of Geographic Sciences  Natural Resources Research  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China  Gradute School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  School of Geography Science  Nanjing Normal University  Nanjing 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,(2)

We present an uncertainty analysis of ecological process parameters and CO2 flux components (Reco, NEE and gross ecosystem exchange (GEE)) derived from 3 years’ continuous eddy covariance meas-urements of CO2 fluxes at subtropical evergreen coniferous plantation, Qianyanzhou of ChinaFlux. Daily-differencing approach was used to analyze the random error of CO2 fluxes measurements and bootstrapping method was used to quantify the uncertainties of three CO2 flux components. In addition, we evaluated different ...  相似文献