浅谈复合土钉墙在深基坑支护中的应用     

韩同辉 《城市地质》2015,(Z2):30-34

复合土钉墙可分为3种常见组合支护应用形式,分别为土钉墙+止水帷幕形式、土钉墙+微型桩形式、土钉墙+预应力锚杆形式。本文着重阐述了土钉墙+预应力锚杆的复合支护方式,详细介绍了该复合土钉墙支护方式的施工工艺、流程,并结合望京体育馆项目基坑支护工程实例,为土钉墙+预应力锚杆复合支护方式,在复杂支护条件下成功应用提供了参考。  相似文献   

三维激光扫描技术在高铁隧道平整度检测中的应用     

唐东跃  肖书安  周兴华  朱水鹏 《测绘通报》2021,(9):160-164

高质量的隧道衬砌平整度不但对二衬防水施工有至关重要的影响,而且也是保证隧道线型、结构受力均匀及运营期防水系统持久有效的重要条件之一。三维激光扫描技术是近代广泛应用于隧道工程的一种集光、机、电及信息技术于一体的综合测量技术,得益于其现场海量点云的快速采集和分析能力,为隧道表面的平整度检测提供了一种全新的、可实施手段。本文将重点介绍在德庆隧道将高密度的三维激光扫描点云与隧道三维设计及计算机算法相结合的方法,实现高精度、无遗漏及可视化的隧道内表面平整度检测实践。  相似文献   

Beyond the ‘extinction of experience’ – Novel pathways between nature experience and support for nature conservation     

《Global Environmental Change》2019

It is argued that loss and degradation of natural ecosystems reduce the opportunity to experience nature, and as a consequence, reduce concern for nature and support for nature conservation. This phenomenon is termed the ‘extinction of experience’. Research suggests a potential association between some nature experiences and conservation support. However, the influence of more typical urban nature experiences on conservation support—such as visiting urban parks—is not well understood. We used a longitudinal, representative dataset of adults in Brisbane, Australia (N = 6181) and examined the effects of nature experiences on conservation support using data from the same individuals surveyed at two time periods (2009 and 2011). Frequency of park use for physical activity with others was associated with conservation support, but no effects were observed for proximity to parkland or area of parkland adjacent to home. Frequency of physical activity on beaches and proximity to waterways were both associated with stronger conservation support, but coastal proximity was associated with lower conservation support. Mediation analysis examined how these experiences elicited support. The influence of park use on conservation support was mediated by all three tested pathways: environmental concern (as theorized by the extinction of experience), and two novel pathways, wellbeing, and social interactions. Neither beach use nor proximity to waterways elicited their effects via environmental concern; the effect of beach use was mediated by wellbeing and social interactions, whereas the effect of waterway proximity was mediated by wellbeing only. To assess whether observed effects were specific to nature, we examined the influence of two contrasting experiences on conservation support: both frequency of exercise classes and weights training elicited conservation support. Although certain urban nature experiences may elicit conservation support, results suggest that a variety of life experiences influence an individual’s capacity to support environmental initiatives. Rather than diminishing the role of nature, we argue these findings identify diverse entry points for broadening community support for nature conservation.  相似文献   

基于小波分解的沙尘天气发生日数预测组合模型研究——以2008—2016年策勒沙漠绿洲过渡带沙尘天气发生时序为例     

庞金凤  刘波  张波  张朋朋  王波  曾凡江 《气象》2019,45(5):651-658

新疆南疆地区是扬沙浮尘的主要高发区,风沙对当地生产生活影响严重。为揭示当地风沙天气变化特征并预测未来变化趋势,通过小波分解方法,将塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘的策勒沙漠 绿洲过渡带2008—2016年沙尘天气发生时序分解为平稳性波动项和非线性趋势项,根据两项数据的特性,针对性选取自回归(AR)模型和最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)进行变化趋势预测,最后利用加法原则重构实现沙尘天气发生日数时序预测。结果表明：研究区沙尘天气发生属于典型的春夏型,主要集中在3—9月,峰值出现在5月。组合模型预测值与实测值基本吻合,具有较高的预测精度（绝对误差为4.00 d, 均方根误差为3.76 d）,同时,其结果与AR模型、LSSVM模型预测结果相比较也显示出一定的优越性（组合模型相关系数相比AR、LSSVM分别提高了0.12、0.31）,具有较好的应用前景,可为研究区预防风沙灾害及指导实际生产生活提供科学依据。  相似文献   

风云二号气象卫星红外观测在云团降水监测中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

吴晓京  朱小祥  毛紫阳  杨冰韵  黄小玉  王曦 《山东气象》2019,39(3):1-10

提升灾害性对流天气的监测预警能力是短临天气预报的首要目标,但对流性降水在时间、空间上分布高度不均,观测难度大。卫星遥感监测降水的传统红外、水汽亮温判识方法,报警云团数量多,空报率高,指示意义不稳定,需要结合背景因素寻找方法提炼卫星辐射观测中更多的内在隐含信息,建立云顶亮温与此类灾害天气间的联系。此文尝试使用FY-2气象卫星红外云图数据和逐时加密地面降水观测资料,通过追踪云团移动进而分类、提取参数,然后用模糊支持向量机（FSVM）方法建立地面观测雨强与云团特征动态演变间的机器学习数学关系,标识出有监测预警意义的云团和强降水中心,对检验地域和时间的卫星强降水云团检测识别率达80％左右。  相似文献   

The impact of compensatory measures on public support for carbon taxation: an experimental study in Sweden     

Sverker C. Jagers  Johan Martinsson 《Climate Policy》2019,19(2):147-160

This study aims at better understanding how, and to what extent, perceptions of a policy instrument’s distributional effects impact on policy support, focusing on the case of CO₂ taxes on petrol in Sweden. Through a large-scale (N?=?5000) randomized survey experiment with a 2?×?3 factorial design, the extent to which perceptions of fairness determine attitudes to a suggested increase of the Swedish CO₂ tax is explored. Furthermore, the study considers whether these effects change with the level of the suggested tax increase, as well as whether negative sentiments can be alleviated by combining it with a compensatory measure in the shape of a simultaneous income tax cut financed by the revenues from the tax increase. The results show that a higher tax increase is both viewed as more unfair and enjoys weaker support. Furthermore, compensatory measures can be a powerful policy design tool to increase perceptions of the policy as fair, but the effect of compensation on policy support is conditioned by the individual’s left–right ideological position. Whereas people self-identifying to the right react favourably to compensatory measures, people self-identifying to the left become less supportive of a tax increase when combined with a simultaneous cut in income taxes.

Key policy insights

• Perceptions of fairness are highly important for explaining public support for climate policy tools, specifically CO₂ taxes.

• Compensatory measures can be a powerful policy design tool to increase perceptions of the policy as less unfair.

• However, the effect of compensatory measures on policy support is conditioned by ideological position, and only successful among people to the ideological right.

• In contexts dominated by right-wing ideals, a combination of a tax and a compensatory scheme may be a successful route forward towards increased climate policy support.

• In left-oriented contexts the results imply that a CO₂ tax without compensation seems more likely to increase support.

  相似文献   

Attitudes toward climate change mitigation policies: a review of measures and a construct of policy attitudes     

Eva Kyselá  Milan Ščasný  Iva Zvěřinová 《Climate Policy》2019,19(7):878-892

Research on policy support or public acceptability of climate change policies is proliferating. There is, however, a great diversity in how these evaluative responses have been defined, operationalized, and measured across studies. In order to shed some light on this subject, we reviewed 118 studies published over the last 15 years aiming at measurement of policy acceptability, acceptance, support, and other responses to climate change mitigation policies. We found that conceptual vagueness and weak theoretical embedding are pervasive in the field, which leads to uncertainty over what is being measured, ambiguity of policy recommendations, and difficulties in comparing empirical results. In response, we propose a construct of policy attitudes as an overarching concept comprising the diversity of measures and constructs already in use. The purpose of the construct is to serve as a common basis for operationalization and survey design. In order to inform policy makers, researchers should be clear in how they formulate surveys with a focus on questions of importance to research and policy-making.

Key policy insights

• Acceptability, acceptance, and support are defined as distinct and possibly empirically distinguishable classes of responses evaluating a policy proposal. These responses are expressions of underlying policy attitudes.

• People may respond to policies in other ways as well, including lack of interest.

• There is no popularity threshold for a policy to be safe to implement, but instead it is a matter of identifying the conditions of policy support or other responses.

• Results obtained using different measures of mitigation policy attitudes vary widely with respect to the characteristics of the policy in question and the measured response. Thus, great care must be taken when designing surveys and interpreting their results.

  相似文献   

高速公路夜间大雾图像特征及其识别     

周建平  苗开超  江春  刘承晓 《气象科技》2019,47(1):29-34

基于高速公路夜间交通监控图像,选择其附近能见度自动监测数据作为图像是否有大雾的标准,分析有雾或无雾环境对光源及其成像的影响,提取相应的特征值,利用支持向量机的方法建立了大雾识别模型。结果表明:大雾存在时空气消光系数增大,LED电子显示屏、车灯等光源在图像上呈现出亮度减弱而梯度小,散射较明显的特点;纹理特征表明有雾时图片纹理简单、纹理较浅分布均匀,像素之间相关性大,无雾时则反之;模型评估得出临界成功指数为0.74,虚警率为0.18,有较好的识别效果。  相似文献   

应用于月壤取样钻具的激光选区熔化研究综述          下载免费PDF全文

黄西娜  王少峰  丁首斌 《探矿工程》2021,48(3):31-38

综述了月球钻探取样钻具的发展现状,金属三维点阵的轻量化以及激光选区熔化制造技术的基本方法和优势。基于激光选区熔化制备技术提出了将三维空间点阵结构应用于月球钻探取样钻具的轻量化,讨论了点阵结构的钻具对于月球钻进过程的适应性并展望了轻量化月球取样钻具方面的发展趋势。分析认为,利用激光选区熔化技术制备的三维点阵结构在月壤取样钻具方面具有很大的应用潜力。  相似文献   

盾构隧道环向开挖面破坏机制及剪胀效应研究     

张箭  戚瑞宇  宗晶瑶  丰土根 《岩土力学》2022,43(7):1833-1844

采用刚性滑块构建两种圆形隧道失稳环向开挖面破坏模式,利用编制的非线性规划程序求解隧道失稳环向开挖面支护力系数σ_T /c（σ_T为均布支护荷载,c为有效黏聚力）最优上限解及地层破坏模式,揭示地层参数对隧道稳定性的影响,提出简单实用的极限支护力简化公式。研究结果表明：不排水条件下,当隧道埋深比H/D（H为埋深,D为隧道直径）和重度系数γD/c（γ 为重度）较小时,破坏区域主要集中在隧道中上部,随着H/D和γD/c增大,滑移线起始位置沿着隧道轮廓逐渐向隧道底部扩展,破坏区域向水平方向扩展。排水条件下,地层破坏模式主要有3种。当内摩擦角ϕ 和γD/c较大时,随着剪胀系数的减小,极限支护力和地层破坏范围变化较大,甚至可能引起破坏模式的改变。针对不同深度提出的极限支护力简化公式可快速获得隧道环向开挖面极限支护力。  相似文献