深埋隧洞极强岩爆段隧道掘进机半导洞掘进岩爆风险研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

肖亚勋  冯夏庭  陈炳瑞  丰光亮  张照太  明华军 《岩土力学》2011,32(10):3111-3118

深埋隧洞TBM（隧道掘进机）全断面掘进时,在局部超高应力集中的完整硬脆性岩体洞段将直面极强岩爆的风险,设备和人员的安全将遭受极大的威胁。在锦屏II水电站3#引水隧洞极强岩爆段实施了“先半导洞+TBM联合掘进”实验,结合微震实时监测信息对TBM半导洞掘进的岩爆风险开展了研究。监测结果表明,（1）TBM半导洞掘进期间,日平均微震事件数、日平均辐射微震能、微震大事件数及实际岩爆发生次数和强度均远远低于TBM全断面掘进;（2）能量指数对数值和累积视体积的时域演化表明,TBM半导洞掘进强烈岩爆发生的风险远低于TBM全断面掘进,现场实际开挖也证明了这一点;（3）半导洞洞段微震事件的空间集结程度、总数、震级大小与能量辐射均远小于全断面洞段。因此,TBM半导洞掘进的岩爆风险远远低于TBM全断面掘进,在具有施工条件的情况下采用先半导洞预处理,然后TBM半断面掘进极强岩爆段,以期控制岩爆风险的方案是可行的。  相似文献   

分层土中水泥土围护结构抗倾覆验算方法的改进     

李卫超  熊巨华  杨敏 《岩土力学》2011,32(8):2435-2440

推导了分层土中水泥土围护结构抗倾覆稳定系数计算公式,提出了改进的计算方法,研究了土层分层结构对水泥土围护结构抗倾覆稳定系数的影响。土层上软下硬时,水泥土围护结构抗倾覆稳定系数分别随着墙体宽度与入土深度的增加而增加。土层上硬下软时,增加墙体宽度对于提高抗倾覆稳定系数具有较好的效果,而增加墙体入土深度对于提高抗倾覆稳定系数作用不大,因为分层土中,水泥土围护结构抗倾覆稳定性主要依靠下部土体的被动土压力来维持,即抗倾覆稳定性主要受下层土体强度的影响。如将分层土参数按厚度加权平均取值后作为均匀土对待,对上软下硬土层,该方法计算的抗倾覆稳定系数比分层方法得到的小,偏于保守;而对上硬下软土层,该方法计算的抗倾覆稳定系数比分层方法得到的大,存在安全隐患。改进方法与常规计算方法对比表明,其计算结果更为安全合理  相似文献   

倾斜煤层底板破坏特征的微震监测   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

孙建  王连国  唐芙蓉  沈义峰  龚世龙 《岩土力学》2011,32(5):1589-1595

带压开采是承压水上采煤的主要方法,底板采动破坏深度的确定是实现带压开采的关键和前提。针对底板采动破坏深度现场测量方法的局限性,特别是倾斜煤层（煤层倾角在25°～45°之间）底板采动破坏深度的现场测量。以桃园煤矿1066工作面为例,利用高精度微震监测技术,对承压水上倾斜煤层底板的采动破坏特征进行了连续的、动态监测。监测结果表明：（1）工作面运输巷（下顺槽）附近的底板比工作面回风巷（上顺槽）附近的底板破坏深度更深,破坏范围更大;（2）倾斜煤层工作面底板破坏形态整体呈现为一个下大上小的非对称形态。根据微震监测结果,确定了1066工作面回风巷和运输巷附近底板的最大破坏深度,划分了倾斜煤层工作面底板突水危险区域。将微震监测的倾斜煤层底板破坏深度与经验公式计算的底板破坏深度进行了对比,指出了经验公式存在的不足  相似文献   

层状地基中空沟对交通荷载的竖向隔振分析     

熊浩  高广运  王小岗 《岩土力学》2011,32(4):1131-1137

空沟是一种常用的连续隔振屏障,可以有效地降低人工振动。以位移为变量的二维格子法在波动问题计算中具有良好的适应性、高效性,兼备有限元与差分法的一些优点,应用该法针对层状地基中作用于路堤上的交通荷载引起振动的空沟竖向隔振问题进行了参数研究,分别考虑了上软下硬地基和上硬下软地基两种情况。研究结果表明：空沟宽度对隔振效果的影响较小;空沟深度与空沟的位置是影响隔振效果的关键因素,它们相互关联,其取值应综合考虑;在上述两类层状地基中,若空沟深度与上层土的厚度接近或相等均对竖向隔振不利;路堤高度越大对竖向隔振效果越不利。  相似文献   

单轴条件下层状盐岩的表面裂纹扩展分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李林  陈结  姜德义  杨春和  刘春 《岩土力学》2011,32(5):1394-1398

利用荧光法和细观分析技术对单轴条件下层状盐岩表面裂纹扩展及分布进行了研究,并简要分析了国内外盐岩物理力学性质的差异。试验结果表明：纯盐岩表面裂纹以盐晶粒间错动裂纹为主,晶间裂纹扩展贯通形成破坏性主裂纹,裂纹分布受盐晶粒大小及分布均匀性的影响,国外细晶粒盐岩的强度和变形能力均大于国内粗晶粒纯盐岩;纯夹层表面裂纹多产生在几种矿物交杂沉积处,裂纹分布由夹层矿物成分和组成结构决定;含夹层盐岩表面裂纹扩展分布受夹层与盐岩界面过渡形式影响,一般锯齿型交界面裂纹由盐岩部分主裂纹向夹层扩展而成,而过渡分明并含有薄泥层的交界面裂纹由盐岩部分主裂纹和泥层碎散型裂纹汇集扩展而成  相似文献   

锚索双排桩与刚架双排桩的对比研究     

申永江  孙红月  尚岳全  刘健 《岩土力学》2011,32(6):1838-1842

在大型滑坡治理工程中常常采用双排抗滑桩,锚索双排桩和刚架双排桩是常见的两种型式。采用有限元程序ANSYS分别建立锚索双排桩和刚架双排桩的有限元分析模型,对比分析这两种型式双排桩的内力分布,找出能更好发挥抗滑效果的结构型式。通过对比分析可知,锚索双排桩的前后两排桩的内力分布差距十分明显,刚架双排桩的前后两排桩的内力分布差距较小,所以,刚架双排桩能够更好地发挥抗滑效果。选取锚索双排桩和刚架双排桩2个工程实例,监测分析发现锚索双排桩的前排桩侧向位移和弯矩均远小于后排桩,刚架双排桩前后两排桩的位移和弯矩比较接近,这与有限元分析结果相吻合,因此,双排抗滑桩的设计中建议采用刚架双排桩  相似文献   

峡口高地应力软岩隧道施工监测及支护对策研究     

李鸿博  戴永浩  宋继宏  付克俭 《岩土力学》2011,32(Z2):496-501

针对高应力软岩公路隧道的特点,对湖北宜巴高速公路峡口隧道开展了地应力测试、隧洞收敛下沉、接触应力、结构受力等项目的监测工作。地应力测试结果表明,虽然隧洞埋深不大,但由于构造应力的存在,仍属于高地应力区。施工监测结果表明,高应力软岩隧道变形与结构受力具有明显的时空效应,与开挖方式、工作面距离以及支护时机密切相关。由于隧洞围岩软弱破碎,加之处于高应力作用下,在工作面通过后,岩体产生持续性的流变变形,导致隧洞产生挤压大变形和结构受力的持续增加,达到支护结构强度极限,最终导致围岩失稳和支护体系的失效。基于上述研究成果,提出了相应的高应力软岩大变形支护设计对策。研究成果为高应力软岩隧道变形与结构受力的时空效应性提供了监测数据支持,为峡口隧道的施工和支护设计提供了依据,对我国西部其他高应力软岩公路隧道的建设具有借鉴意义  相似文献   

Modeling of environmental influence in structural health assessment for reinforced concrete buildings   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Ka-Veng Yuen  Sin-Chi Kuok 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2010,9(2):295-306

One branch of structural health monitoring (SHM) utilizes dynamic response measurements to assess the structural integrity of civil infrastructures. In particular,modal frequency is a widely adopted indicator for structural damage since its square is proportional to structural stiffness. However,it has been demonstrated in various SHM projects that this indicator is substantially affected by fluctuating environmental conditions. In order to provide reliable and consistent information on the health status of the monitored structures,it is necessary to develop a method to filter this interference. This study attempts to model and quantify the environmental influence on the modal frequencies of reinforced concrete buildings. Daily structural response measurements of a twenty-two story reinforced concrete building were collected and analyzed over a one-year period. The Bayesian spectral density approach was utilized to identify the modal frequencies of this building and it was clearly seen that the temperature and humidity fluctuation induced notable variations. A mathematical model was developed to quantify the environmental effects and model complexity was taken into consideration. Based on a Timoshenko beam model,the full model class was constructed and other reduced-order model class candidates were obtained. Then,the Bayesian modal class selection approach was employed to select the one with the most suitable complexity. The proposed model successfully characterizes the environmental influence on the modal frequencies. Furthermore,the estimated uncertainty of the model parameters allows for assessment of the reliability of the prediction. This study not only improves the understanding about the monitored structure,but also establishes a systematic approach for reliable health assessment of reinforced concrete buildings.  相似文献   

甘肃祁连山主动源重复探测项目建设及震源重复性分析     

张元生  郭晓  秦满忠  刘旭宙  魏从信  沈旭章  颜文华  邹锐  尹亮  王亚红  孙点峰  冯红武  张丽峰  郭瑛霞 《中国地震研究》2016,30(3):333-341

甘肃祁连山主动源重复探测激发源位于甘肃省张掖市祁连山西流水水库,2015年7月9日各系统开始正式运行,11月10日完成了为期40天的连续激发实验。观测资料处理结果表明,气枪震源具有良好的一致性和可重复性,整个观测系统能比较清晰地记录到震源激发的信号。祁连山主动源项目建设取得的结果可为主动源探测工作提供宝贵经验和科学借鉴,不断取得的观测数据为跟踪了解祁连山地区的深部结构时空变化提供了可能。  相似文献   

Morphology,structure and kinematics of a rainfall controlled slow‐moving Andean landslide,Peru          下载免费PDF全文

Swann Zerathe  Pascal Lacroix  Denis Jongmans  Jersy Marino  Edu Taipe  Marc Wathelet  Walter Pari  Lionel Fidel Smoll  Edmundo Norabuena  Bertrand Guillier  Lucile Tatard 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(11):1477-1493

The large slow‐moving landslide of Maca is located in the upper Colca valley (southern Peru), a region characterized by a well pronounced rainy period, and intense and recurrent sustained seismicity. The landslide, developed in deep lacustrine deposits, has recently accelerated, threatening the Maca village. This work aims at understanding the rupture mechanism and the causes of the recent landslide reactivation/acceleration. We present a multidisciplinary characterization of the Maca landslide that includes: (i) geological and morphological mapping in the field; (ii) remote sensing analysis using an historical aerial photograph of 1955 and the Pléiades satellite images (2013); (iii) global positioning system (GPS) including time‐series of surveys over 13 years, and continuous measurements over 14 months; (iv) a geophysical campaign with deep electrical resistivity tomography profiles acquired across the landslide mass. Our study shows that this 60 Mm³ landslide, which can be classified as a clay/silt compound landslide, moved by 15 m between 2001 and 2014 with a large inter‐annual velocity variation (up to a factor of 500) depending on the rainfall intensity. We suggest that these dramatic changes in velocity are the result of the combination of a threshold mechanism and the short intense rainy season in Peru. This study reveals three main driving factors acting at different timescales: (i) over several decades, the river course has significantly changed, causing the Maca landslide reactivation in the 1980s due to the erosion of its toe; (ii) at the year scale, a minimum amount of rainfall is required to trigger the motion and this amount controls the landslide velocity; (iii) transient changes in slide velocity may occur anytime due to earthquakes. This study particularly highlights the non‐linear behaviour of the motion with rainfall. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献