Vesicle layering in solidified intrusive magma bodies: a newly recognized type of igneous structure     

Atsushi Toramaru  Akira Ishiwatari  Maki Matsuzawa  Masaru Nakamura  Shoji Arai 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1996,58(5):393-400

 We report a novel type of layering structure in igneous rocks. The layering structure in the Ogi picrite sill in Sado Island, Japan, is spatially periodic, and appears to be caused by the variation in vesicle volume fraction. The gas phase forming the vesicles apparently exsolved from the interstitial melt at the final stage of solidification of the magma body. We call this type of layering caused by periodic vesiculation in the solidifying magma body "vesicle layering." The presence of vesicle layering in other basic igneous bodies (pillow lava at Ogi and dolerite sill at Atsumi, Japan) implies that it may be a fairly common igneous feature. The width of individual layers slightly, but regularly, increases with distance from the upper contact. The layering plane is perpendicular to the long axes of columnar joints, regardless of gravitational direction, suggesting that the formation of vesicles is mainly controlled by the temperature distribution in the cooling magma body. We propose a model of formation of vesicle layering which is basically the same as that for Liesegang rings. The interplay between the diffusion of heat and magmatic volatiles in melt, and the sudden vesiculation upon supersaturation, both play important roles. Received: 15 February 1996 / Accepted: 24 June 1996  相似文献   

论壳内韧性流层及其构造表现   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

宋鸿林  单文琅等 《现代地质》1992,6(4):494-503

地球物理探测表明,在上地壳之下有一不均匀分布的壳内低速层,中地壳之中还有一些局部的低速层。现代破坏性地震震源主要集中于10～15km深处,相当于这一低速层之顶部,处于脆韧性过渡带内。从岩石变形的角度看,这个低速层是一个壳内的韧性流变层,以发育近水平的韧性剪切带和褶叠层构造为其特征。它在纵向上和横向上都是不均一的,代表了地壳尺度的韧性剪切带,在地壳构造的演化中起着极重要的作用。  相似文献   

On the origin of microrhythmic layering in arfvedsonite lujavrite from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland     

John C. Bailey  Henning Srensen  Tom Andersen  Lia N. Kogarko  John Rose-Hansen 《Lithos》2006,91(1-4):301-318

Microrhythmic layering is locally developed in agpaitic arfvedsonite lujavrite from the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Three–15-cm-thick laminated dark layers alternate with 1–10-cm-thick, light-coloured granular urtitic layers. Dark layers are uniform (isomodal) but the urtitic layers are enriched in early nepheline and eudialyte in their lower parts and in late analcime and REE phosphate minerals in the upper parts. The layers are separated by sharp contacts; they are draped around rafts from the overlying roof zone and lack structures indicative of current processes or post-cumulus deformation. Compared with the background arfvedsonite lujavrite of the complex, the dark layers are richer in sodalite, microcline and arfvedsonite and poorer in analcime and eudialyte. They have higher K₂O, Cl, FeO and S but lower Na₂O, H₂O⁺, Zr and P contents, the opposite of the light-coloured layers. The complementary chemistry of the two types of layers oscillates about the composition of the background arfvedsonite lujavrite. Layers probably formed in a stagnant bottom layer of the lujavrite magma chamber. Each layer started as a liquid layer which exchanged components with the underlying crystallization front. On cooling, it crystallized primocrysts and exchanged components with the overlying magma which became a new, complementary liquid layer and, during further cooling and burial within the sequence of layers, it underwent largely closed-system interstitial crystallization. Exhaustion of Cl and a sharp decrease in a_NaCl relative to a_H2O terminated the crystallization of a sodalite-rich dark layer and initiated abundant crystallization of nepheline in the overlying liquid layer (urtitic layer). The layered sequence represents a local K₂O-, Cl-rich but Na₂O-, H₂O-poor facies of arfvedsonite lujavrite and may have formed by exchanging components with sodalite-bearing rafts from the roof zone.  相似文献   

3-D finite-element modelling of deformation and stress associated with faulting: effect of inhomogeneous crustal structures   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

S. Zhao  R. D. Müller  Y. Takahashi  Y. Kaneda 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,157(2):629-644

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石渠－甘孜－雅江重力正异常带的特征及其地质意义     

曹树恒 《四川地质学报》1994,(1)

综合区域地质、岩石物性和航磁资料的分析，认为石渠－甘孜－雅江剩余布格重力正异常带可能是被“挤入”西康群之下、埋藏于深部的前古生代离散陆块与二叠纪玄武岩及“义敦群”存在的综合反映。该异常带的连续延伸，说明甘孜－理塘构造带南段的主体部分已由北西转至南西走向。该重力异常带位置是重要而明显的构造分区界线。  相似文献   

�ؿǷֲ�͵ؿǺ�ȶ��봨����ͬ��ЧӦ��Ӱ��   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

谈洪波  申重阳  玄松柏 《大地测量与地球动力学》2010,30(4):29-35

???????????λ???????USGS???????????????????о?????????????????????????????????????????PSGRN/PSCMP?????????????????????????????α???????仯??????????????????????????????Ч?????????????????????????λ???й??????????????????????????Ч????????????????????????????Ч?????????????????????????????????????10%~20%????????????????????30%?????г????????????????????????λ???γ??λ??????λ????????仯???????????18.4????18.0%??15.8%??16.2??????????40 km?????????????λ???γ??λ??????λ????????仯???????????4.6%??5.3%??3.8%??3.8%???????70 km??????????????3.5%??4.6%??3.0%??2.5%??  相似文献   

地应力分层技术在压裂设计优化中的应用     

张美玲  董传雷  蔺建华 《地质力学学报》2017,23(3):467-474

纵向连续地应力分布对井中储层的压裂施工设计具有重要的指导意义。以卫星油田葡萄花油藏储层为研究对象,结合实际储层压裂数据,优化建立由连续测井数据计算地层最小主应力的数学模型,给出合理的沿井轴连续的地应力剖面。以自然电位曲线的分层为基准,按照一定规则将应力剖面曲线、自然伽马曲线分层取值,并计算待压裂层与上(下)隔层间的"隔层厚度"、"储隔层应力差"、"隔层品质"等参数。利用研究区实际压裂设计数据,以避免压裂过程中待压裂岩层发生"窜槽"为目的,研究给出了不同参数岩层,在压裂排量、压砂强度、单位厚度用液量及压裂方式等施工参数方面的约束条件。实际井例的应用说明,这些条件可有效保障勘探开发压裂工艺的成功率。  相似文献   

Lava flow internal structure found from AMS and textural data: An example in methodology from the Chaîne des Puys,France     

Sébastien Loock  Hervé Diot  Benjamin Van Wyk de Vries  Patrick Launeau  Olivier Merle  Fabienne Vadeboin  Michael S. Petronis 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data analysis is a convenient method used to investigate strain and flow during lava flow emplacement. In order to make a sound interpretation, the origin of the AMS signal must be verified. Two questions must be answered: 1) what phase, or phases carry the AMS signal and 2) when was the AMS fabric acquired? The verification steps themselves can provide extra data for interpreting lava flow conditions. Here, we present a methodology to answer the two questions in a 6 km-long Chaîne des Puys trachybasaltic lava flow that descended into the future site of Clermont Ferrand (France) 45,000 years ago. Knowledge of lava flow emplacement will be useful specifically to this site, if a reactivation of the volcanic chain occurs. The results are also of more general interest to understand lava flow emplacement dynamics.  相似文献   

南沙超壳层块边界断裂的运动学与动力学特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘海龄 《热带海洋学报》1999,(4)

南沙超壳层块被性质不同的超壳断裂所围限,北张南压,东西剪切,共同以南沙软流圈顶面为拆离面而系统运动。其新生代动力学过程可分为四个阶段:K2—E12,北界伸展,古南海向南俯冲,西布增生楔形成;E22—E13,西南海盆扩张,西布增生楔碰撞造山;E23—N11,中央海盆扩张,米里增生楔形成,北巴拉望南缘“A型”俯冲;N21—现在,南部边界大规模逆冲推覆造山,南海扩张停止  相似文献   

3D model of Svecofennian Accretionary Orogen and Karelia Craton based on geology,reflection seismics,magnetotellurics and density modelling: Geodynamic speculations     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(3):999-1023

A 3D model of deep crustal structure of the Archaean Karelia Craton and late Palaeoproterozoic Svecofennian Accretionary Orogen including the boundary zone is presented. The model is based on the combination of data from geological mapping and reflection seismic studies, along profiles 1-EU, 4B, FIRE-1-2a-2 and FIRE-3-3a, and uses results of magnetotelluric soundings in southern Finland and northern Karelia. A seismogeological model of the crust and crust–mantle boundary is compared with a model of subhorizontal velocity-density layering of the crust. The TTG-type crust of the Palaeoarchaean and Mesoarchaean microcontinents within the Karelia Craton and the Belomorian Province are separated by gently dipping greenstone belts, at least some of which are palaeosutures. The structure of the crust was determined mainly by Palaeoproterozoic tectonism in the intra-continental settings modified by a strong collisional compression at the end of the Palaeoproterozoic. New insights into structure, origin and evolution of the Svecofennian Orogen are provided. The accretionary complex is characterized by inclined tectonic layering: the tectonic sheets, ~15 ​km thick, are composed of volcanic-sedimentary rocks, including electro-conductive graphite-bearing sedimentary rocks, and electro-resistive granitoids, which plunge monotonously and consecutively eastward. Upon reaching the level of the lower crust, the tectonic sheets of the accretionary complex lose their distinct outlines. In the seismic reflection pattern they are replaced by a uniform acoustically translucent medium, where separate sheets can only be traced fragmentarily. The crust–mantle boundary bears a diffuse character: the transition from crust to mantle is recorded by the disappearance of the vaguely drawn boundaries of the tectonic sheets and in the gradual transition of acoustically homogeneous and translucent lower crust into transparent mantle. Under the effect of endogenic heat flow, the accretionary complex underwent high-temperature metamorphism and partial melting. Blurring of the rock contacts, which in the initial state created contrasts of acoustic impedance, was caused by partial melting and mixing of melts. The 3D model is used as a starting point for the evolutionary model of the Svecofennian Accretionary Orogen and for determination of its place in the history of the Palaeoproterozoic Lauro-Russian intracontinental orogeny, which encompassed a predominant part of the territory of Lauroscandia, a palaeocontinent combining North American and East European cratons. The model includes three stages in the evolution of the Lauro-Russian Orogen (~2.5, 2.2–2.1 and 1.95–1.87 ​Ga). The main feature of the Palaeoproterozoic evolution of the accretionary Svecofennian Orogen and Lauroscandia as a whole lay in the causal link with evolution of a superplume, which initiated plate-tectonic events. The Svecofennian–Pre-Labradorian palaeo-ocean originated in the superplume axial zone; the accretionary orogens were formed along both continental margins due to closure of the palaeo-ocean.  相似文献