铅在高岭石表面的吸附模式   总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15  

魏俊峰  吴大清  刁桂仪  彭金莲 《地球化学》2000,29(4):397-401

采用表面络合模式,研究了高岭石表面的酸碱性质以及高岭石表面对铅的吸附行为。结果表明,高岭石表面在不同ｐＨ条件下对质子和铅离子的吸附反应可以用单一表面基团、无静电表面络合模式来描述。高岭石表面酸度常数拟合值分别为ｐＫａ１＝２．７５和ｐＫａ２＝５．５２,电荷零点ｐＨｚｐｃ＝４．１铅在高岭石表面的吸附量随ｐＨ值的升高而增加,吸附铅的两种表面化合态〉ＳＯＰｂ＾＋和〉ＳＯＰｂＯＨ的浓度也随ｐＨ值的变化而变化  相似文献   

中国某些金属矿床矿石铅来源的铅同位素诠释   总被引：51，自引：1，他引：50  

张乾  潘家永  邵树勋 《地球化学》2000,29(3):231-238

在矿质来源研究中,铅同位素组成作为一种有效手段,已应用于几乎所有的金属甚至非金属矿床,起到了重要的作用。随着矿床地球化学研究所的不断深入,一个矿床的矿质来源已不能简单地说来自地球的某个圈层,需要把矿质来源定位到矿区某个具体的岩体或层位,这样才具有实际意义,这样才具有实际意义。本文采取矿石、岩浆岩、地层及基底铅同位素对比的方法研究了４种矿床类型中９个金属矿床铅的来源。结果表明,与岩浆活动有关的夕卡岩  相似文献   

Factors Influencing the Atmospheric Depositional Fluxes of Stable Pb, 210Pb, and 7Be into Chesapeake Bay   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Guebuem Kim  N. Hussain  J. R. Scudlark  T. M. Church 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2000,36(1):65-79

Atmospheric depositional fluxes of ⁷Be and²¹⁰Pb (bulk) and stable Pb (wet) were measuredsimultaneously for one year (from September 1995–August 1996) atStillpond, Maryland on the uppereastern shore of the Chesapeake Bay. The annual total(bulk) depositional fluxes of ²¹⁰Pb and ⁷Bewere 0.78 and 13 dpm cm^-2, respectively, andagree well with other previously reported results atnearby locations such as Norfolk, VA and Lewes, DE. The wet depositional flux of stable Pb (58 ng cm^-2 yr^-1)was also similar to thatmeasured at other Chesapeake sites during 1990–1991(55 ng cm^-2 yr^-1, for both Wye and Elms,Maryland). This suggests that a constant Pb flux hasbeen reached since the mandatory use of unleadedgasoline was instituted. The concentrations of⁷Be, ²¹⁰Pb, and to a lesser extent stable Pbwere diluted exponentially by precipitation, based onconcentrations versus precipitation plots. Due tohigher enrichment of ²¹⁰Pb in the lowertroposphere, the dilution effect was largest on²¹⁰Pb (i.e., controlled mainly by below-cloudscavenging processes), and thus its depositional fluxincrease is negligible as precipitation amountincreases. A good correlation between the amount ofprecipitation and total depositional flux of ⁷Beand stable Pb, which are more enriched in the uppertroposphere, suggests that precipitation amount isimportant in controlling their fluxes (i.e.,controlled by both below-cloud scavenging and in-cloudcondensation processes). Based on ⁷Be versus²¹⁰Pb plots, it appears that ⁷Be, relativeto ²¹⁰Pb, is less efficiently scavenged bysnowfall. Our results suggest that in addition toprecipitation amounts, marine air-mass transport orsnowfall may be important factors in controlling theseasonal variability of the fallout fluxes of tracemetals in coastal areas.  相似文献   

铅同位素"双稀释剂"同位素定年法计算方法研究     

郭庆军  杨卫东  余娅 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2000,19(3):193-196

铅同位素研究已广泛应用于模式定年、成矿物质来源示踪和化探找矿评价等许多领域。铅同位素“双稀释剂”同位素定年法是当前应用较广的一种铅同位素定年方法。双同位素稀释法的目的在于校正质量鉴别效应,提高测定精度。由于实验条件和分析技术的改善和提高,使铅同位素“双稀释剂”测定精度和准确度大大提高,从而铅同位素“双稀释剂”同位素定年法也将得到更为广泛的应用。本主要是研究该法的计算,分析样品中元素量的计算,并结合几种岩石年龄方法(Pb-Pb等时线法、不一致线模式计算法、三阶段模式计算等)的计算,归纳总结出计算样品中元素量和岩石形成年龄的方法。  相似文献   

南秦岭赋存于沉积岩中的金龙山金矿带主要载金矿物黄铁矿、毒砂研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵利青  陈祥  周红  李秀梅 《地质与资源》2000,9(4):193-199

金龙山金矿是产于南秦岭镇安-旬阳晚古生代沉积盆地细碎屑岩-碳酸盐建造中的微细浸染型金矿.主要载金矿物毒砂、黄铁矿,粒度多为10~100 μm,约为次显微状金颗粒直径的1000倍左右.黄铁矿为含砷黄铁矿,并常作为原生沉积成因草莓状、球菌状黄铁矿的增生环带,因而常规方法无法分离出原生沉积成因黄铁矿与热液阶段黄铁矿、毒砂.用于单矿物化学分析、同位素、热电性测定的黄铁矿样品多为热液改造后多阶段黄铁矿的混合样品,毒砂的含金性比黄铁矿更好.成岩期黄铁矿无砷或砷很低,金矿成矿阶段黄铁矿亏硫,毒砂亏砷.金、砷最大可能是含矿热液带入的,成岩期黄铁矿可能提供了部分硫.黄铁矿的热电系数范围较大,空穴导型、电子导型均有,以空穴型为主.矿带内硫化物的硫同位素呈多垛状产出,但主要集中于6‰~17‰之间.铅同位素反映了造山带特征,与汞锑矿石的铅同位素相近,金锑成矿与深大断裂的活动有关.  相似文献   

Effect of lead core heating on the seismic performance of bridges isolated with LRB in near‐fault zones     

Gokhan Ozdemir  Murat Dicleli 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(14):1989-2007

In this paper, the effect of lead core heating and associated strength deterioration on the seismic response of bridges isolated with lead rubber bearings (LRB) is investigated as a function of the characteristics of the isolator and near fault ground motions with forward rupture directivity effect. Furthermore, the ability of bounding analyses to provide a design envelope for maximum isolator force and maximum isolator displacement is verified. For this purpose, a series of nonlinear dynamic analyses are conducted for LRB isolated bridges where both deteriorating and non‐deteriorating force‐deformation relationship of LRB were employed. The analyses are performed for both simulated and recorded ground motions. It is found that while the temperature rise in the lead core generally increases with increasing magnitude and number of near fault ground motion velocity pulses, it decreases with larger distances from the fault. It is also found that bounding analysis method provides conservative (envelope) estimates of maximum isolator displacement and maximum isolator force for design purposes that fulfill its intended purpose. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Tracing the recently increasing anthropogenic Pb inputs into the East China Sea shelf sediments using Pb isotopic analysis     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,80(1-2):333-337

This study examined the Pb content and Pb isotopic composition in a sediment core taken from the East China Sea (ECS) shelf, and it was observed that since 2003 the increasing anthropogenic Pb inputs have impacted as far as the ECS shelf sediments. The ECS shelf sediments were generally characterized with low bulk Pb contents (12.5–15.0 μg/g) and relatively lithogenic Pb isotopic signatures (both HCl-leached and residual fractions). However, elevated Pb records along with lighter Pb isotopic signals have occurred in the post-2003 sediments, as a result of a small but increasing anthropogenic Pb contribution from the heavily human perturbed coastal sediments due to the sharply increasing coal consumption in mainland China since 2003.  相似文献   

Real‐time hybrid testing of a smart base isolation system          下载免费PDF全文

Pei‐Ching Chen  Keh‐Chyuan Tsai  Pei‐Yang Lin 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(1):139-158

Real‐time hybrid testing is a very effective technique for evaluating the dynamic responses of rate‐dependent structural systems subjected to earthquake excitation. A smart base isolation system has been proposed by others using conventional low‐damping isolators and controllable damping devices such as magnetorheological (MR) dampers to achieve specified control target performance. In this paper, real‐time hybrid tests of a smart base isolation system are conducted. The simulation is for a base‐isolated two‐degrees‐of‐freedom building model where the superstructure and the low‐damping base isolator are numerically simulated, and the MR damper is physically tested. The target displacement obtained from the step‐by‐step integration of the numerical substructure is imposed on the MR damper, which is driven by three different control algorithms in real‐time. To compensate the actuator delay and improve the accuracy of the test, an adaptive phase‐lead compensator is implemented. The accuracy of each test is investigated by using the root mean square error and the tracking indicator. Experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid testing procedure using the proposed actuator compensation techniques is effective for investigating the control performance of the MR damper in a smart base isolation system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Lead core heating in lead rubber bearings subjected to bidirectional ground motion excitations in various soil types          下载免费PDF全文

Gokhan Ozdemir 《地震工程与结构动力学》2014,43(2):267-285

This paper investigates the response of lead rubber bearings (LRBs) under bidirectional earthquake excitations when lead core heating effect is of concern. For this purpose, a series of nonlinear response history analyses were conducted with a bilinear force‐deformation relation for LRBs. In the considered bilinear representation, the strength of LRBs deteriorates because of lead core heating under cyclic motions. Response of LRBs was studied in terms of maximum isolator displacements (MIDs) and maximum lead core temperature as a function of isolator characteristics (characteristic strength to weight ratio, Q/W, and post‐yield isolation period, T). Nonlinear response history analyses were performed using two sets of ground motions clustered according to their soil classifications. To quantify the interacted effects of coupled analysis and lead core heating on MID, unidirectional analyses were also performed. Furthermore, the efficacy of equivalent lateral force procedure in estimating the MID of LRBs was also tested for the cases in which temperature‐dependent behavior of LRBs was considered. The results demonstrate that the temperature rises in the lead core of LRBs in bidirectional analyses are approximately 50% higher than that of unidirectional ones. It decreases with increasing Q/W ratio and T. It is also revealed that equivalent lateral force procedure gives close estimations for MID with some overestimation even for temperature‐dependent behavior of LRBs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

南天山沙里塔什铅锌矿床地质特征及S、Pb同位素特征研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张舒  张招崇  黄河  张东阳  薛春纪 《现代地质》2010,24(5):856-865

沙里塔什铅锌矿床是新疆南天山多金属成矿带内重要的铅锌矿床。矿床位于南天山造山带迈丹-阔克萨勒古生代陆缘盆地,含矿层位为中泥盆世托格买提组,单个矿体呈透镜状、巢状和筒状分布在白云岩构造破碎带内,围岩蚀变较弱。矿石中金属矿物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主。矿石金属硫化物的δ34S=-3.6‰~-12.0‰,指示硫主要来自海相硫酸盐的还原作用。矿石金属硫化物的²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb比值范围为17.8979~17.9625,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.5981~15.6023,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为38.1863~38.1971,结合矿石、围岩的微量及稀土元素特征判断,铅主要来自古生代沉积盆地高金属背景值的中泥盆世托格买提组。综合沙里塔什铅锌矿床的地质、地球化学特征,判定其为MVT型铅锌矿床。  相似文献