新疆坡北矿区ZK2-6孔钻探施工技术          下载免费PDF全文

盖志鹏  罗刚  贾宏福  王磊  付兆友 《探矿工程》2015,42(8):30-34

新疆坡北矿区ZK2-6孔施工中遇到多层蚀变带,最长连续强蚀变带达30 m,在以往施工过程中,因卤水配制的泥浆性能难以保证,不利于孔壁的稳定,导致在钻进过程中,孔壁剥落超径、断钻杆事故频发。钻杆断开后,由于孔壁坍塌,找不到事故头,从而导致钻孔报废。针对蚀变、破碎地层钻进易发生的孔壁坍塌、超径、掉块及卤水泥浆性能难以保证等问题,开展相关研究,提出相应的技术措施,圆满完成了坡北工区ZK2-6孔的钻探施工。  相似文献   

凝胶堵漏技术在阳山矿区漏失地层中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

石立明  曹灶开 《探矿工程》2015,42(9):22-24,29

甘肃省文县阳山矿区地质构造复杂,地层破碎蚀变强烈,多层位漏失,钻探施工漏失现象普遍。在研究地层漏失机理的基础上试验应用了聚合物凝胶堵漏技术。ZK2232孔的现场应用表明,聚合物凝胶堵漏剂与其他惰性桥堵剂配合使用,能很好地解决钻进过程中的恶性漏失问题,堵漏效果较好。在堵漏施工中,聚合物凝胶堵漏不受漏失通道的限制,能够通过挤压变形进入裂缝和孔洞空间,最终达到封堵漏层的目的。  相似文献   

赤泥库大坝渗漏分析及灌浆处理技术          下载免费PDF全文

黄全海  赵尊亭  王利芳 《探矿工程》2015,42(11):66-69，79

由于施工质量问题,洛阳一个赤泥库大坝在试运行中发生大面积渗漏及管涌。在对渗漏原因进行分析的基础上实施的在坝内坡增设土工膜、坝轴线上游增设帷幕灌浆防渗墙、坝体下游坡面增设排渗沟和排水棱体等抢险加固措施,有效地解决了坝体渗漏问题。在灌浆处理过程中,针对筑坝材料的复杂性和不均匀性,通过施工前的灌浆试验,取得了适合本场地条件的钻孔施工工艺参数及灌浆方式、灌浆压力、灌浆段确定、水灰比比级等施工技术参数,确保了灌浆处理的效果。  相似文献   

Identifying carbon leakage sectors in the EU ETS and implications of results     

Ingmar Juergens  Jesús Barreiro-Hurlé  Alexander Vasa 《Climate Policy》2013,13(1):89-109

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Biomass strategies for climate policies?     

《Climate Policy》2013,13(4):319-333

Abstract

This paper discusses the results of the BEAP linear programming model that has been developed to study the optimal use of biomass and land for greenhouse gas emission reduction, notably the competition between food production, biomass production for energy and materials and afforestation. The model results suggest up to 100 EJ biomass use in case of global policies (about 20% of global primary energy use). The biomass is used for industrial and residential heating, transportation fuels and as a feedstock for plastics. In the electricity markets competing emission reduction options are more cost-effective than biomass. In case the Kyoto protocol is continued beyond 2010 the developed countries can rely in 2020–2030 on afforestation and land use change credits from developing countries, without any major use of other emission reduction strategies. However, in case of a planning perspective of more than half a century bioenergy is preferred instead of afforestation. The results indicate a limited impact on global agricultural trade, but food demand may be affected by CO₂ policies.  相似文献   

The design of California's cap-and-trade and its impact on electricity markets     

《Climate Policy》2013,13(3):277-292

California is considering the adoption of a cap-and-trade regulatory mechanism for regulating the greenhouse gas emissions from electricity and perhaps other industries. Two options have been widely discussed for implementing cap-and-trade in the electricity industry. The first is to regulate the emissions from electricity at the load-serving entity (LSE) level. The second option for implementation of cap-and-trade has been called the ‘first-seller’ approach. Conceptually, under first-seller, individual sources (i.e. power plants) within California would be responsible for their emissions, as with traditional cap-and-trade systems. Emissions from imports would be assigned to the ‘importing firm’. An option that has not been as widely discussed is to implement a pure source-based system within California, effectively excluding imports from the cap-and-trade system altogether. This article examines these three approaches to implementing cap-and-trade for California's electricity sector. The article discusses many of the issues relating to measurement and the impacts on bidding and scheduling incentives that are created by the various regulatory regimes.  相似文献   

Historic versus output-based allocation of GHG tradable allowances: a comparison     

《Climate Policy》2013,13(6):575-592

Two ways of allocating greenhouse gas (GHG) allowances are compared: historic allocation (HA) based solely on past information, and output-based allocation (OBA) based on an allocation proportional to the current output level. The advantages and problems of each allocation method are considered and compared. It is essential to distinguish the sectors sheltered from international competition (e.g. power generation) from the exposed sectors. In the sheltered sectors, OBA entails a much higher overall cost because it provides too little incentive to reduce the production of the polluting goods. HA does not suffer from this drawback but its distributional impact is highly unfair. Hence in these sectors neither of these two ways of freely allocating allowances can be supported, and auctioning should be favoured. However, in the exposed sectors, OBA is an option worth considering because it reduces carbon leakage, although it also suffers from some drawbacks compared with auctioning.  相似文献   

东丽湖地热钻探CGSD01井钻完井技术          下载免费PDF全文

和国磊  宋志彬  胡志兴  许本冲  马汉臣  陈浩文  杜垚森 《探矿工程》2019,46(4):7-13

CGSD01井是由中国地质调查局组织实施的一口水热型地热资源调查井。该井完井深度405168 m,终孔直径216 mm。施工过程中遇到大直径套管下入安全系数不足、地层漏失、复杂地层岩心采取率低等问题。文章介绍了该井的井身结构设计、钻完井工艺技术。通过采用浮力法下管,多工艺堵漏,改进复杂地层取心工艺等措施解决了施工过程中的复杂问题,总结了该地区深部地热钻探钻井工艺并提出了完井建议。  相似文献   

地下盐穴储气库泄漏原因及防治措施研究     

陈祥胜  李银平  施锡林  叶良良  杨春和 《岩土力学》2019,40(Z1):367-373

良好的密闭性能是盐穴储气库安全运营的基本前提,但地质赋存条件复杂、建库实践不足、理论体系不完备等均会导致盐腔遭遇各类泄漏风险。根据国内外的工程实践及事故统计,再结合盐穴储库特有的工程地质条件和运行工况,总结出三大泄漏因素（地质因素、工程因素、人为失误）和4种泄漏类型。地下盐穴储气库潜在的泄漏类型有夹层密闭性不足引起的气体近水平漏失、盖层被突破失效致使气体上窜、井筒完整性不足致使气体逃逸、夹层与断层连通致使气体流向断层。最终,依据各自的泄漏特征提出了相应的预防处置措施,以防止气体泄漏事故的发生和大范围的蔓延。由于我国盐穴储库的发展暂时处于上升期,研究结果对深部盐穴储气库的安全建设具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。  相似文献   

西南地区某岩溶水库渗漏分析     

薛伟  袁宗峰  周密 《中国岩溶》2019,38(4):508-514

西南地区某水库位于云贵高原中北部,库区可溶盐岩分布较广且岩溶较发育,中部有一条近南北走向的区域性断裂（F1）穿过两岸,为论证此水库成库的可能性,通过地表调查及物探,结果表明:此水库向低邻谷渗漏的可能性小,沿F1断裂带向南部或向下游渗漏的可能性问题不大,存在沿灰岩溶蚀通道向下游和向库外渗漏的可能性,沿左岸大理岩与灰绿岩接触带或大理岩向坝下游绕坝渗漏的可能性不大;水库正常蓄水位在Kc1底板高程以下有成库的可能。   相似文献