填埋场防渗衬垫等效替代研究     

张虎元  冯蕾  吴军荣  王宝  刘平 《岩土力学》2009,30(9):2759-2762

从污染控制的角度出发,提出了垃圾填埋场底部防渗衬垫的等效性原则,在此基础上提出“替代”衬垫的设计方法,并利用压实黄土底衬作为实例进行了说明。研究结果表明,穿透衬垫的污染物累积量可以作为设计替代底衬的主要依据。  相似文献   

垃圾填埋场复合衬垫剪切特性单剪试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

施建勇  钱学德  朱月兵 《岩土力学》2010,31(4):1112-1117

针对垃圾填埋工程中复合衬垫的界面抗剪特性,利用改进的叠环式单剪仪,对由砂土-无纺型土工布-土工网格-土工膜-夯实粘土组成复合衬垫进行了整体剪切试验研究。重点讨论了复合衬垫整体单剪试验的应力-位移曲线、相同剪切应力下各个界面的位移大小与变化特征和强度特性。研究结果表明：复合衬垫整体单剪试验的应力-位移曲线在低法向应力试验中没有呈现明显的软化特征,在高法向应力试验中有硬化现象;随法向应力增加剪切破坏面会发生转移;目前常用的把复合衬垫拆分为单个界面进行研究来确定最危险界面的方法不能够正确地反映填埋场中的复合衬垫在加载过程中的衬垫单元的实际受压变形情况和在剪切变形过程中最危险破坏面转移的情况;复合衬垫界面的抗剪强度包线呈现双曲线性质。  相似文献   

陶粒贴砾过滤器的研制与应用     

李炳平  解伟  李小杰  叶成明 《探矿工程》2009,36(8):7-10

针对水井修井和水平井成井填砾困难的特点,通过大量室内试验,研制了陶粒贴砾过滤器。该过滤器以PVC—U塑料管作衬管、陶粒作滤料,经粘合剂粘结而成,具有滤水阻砂效果好,整体质量轻,韧性好,滤层的抗压、抗冲击强度高等优点。介绍了陶粒贴砾过滤器的基本性能特点和应用效果。  相似文献   

金刚石合成高压腔白云石内衬的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

胡继良 《探矿工程》1995,(3):10-20

白云石具有较高的热膨胀系数，较低的热导率和稳定的高压物相，用它制成金刚石合成的高压腔内衬，可以减少腔内压力梯度，屏蔽矿物成份及杂质进入高压腔，提高金刚石合成效果。  相似文献   

时空数据空间特征的动态可视化模型     

周平  唐新明  张晓 《测绘科学》2013,38(5):61-65

本文以多时态地理现象空间特征的连续变化过程的动态可视化表达为研究对象,借鉴Flash中逐帧动画和形状补间技术的设计思想,提出一种以时间为驱动的时空数据之空间特征的动态可视化模型:设计一组适用点、线、多边形地理实体的空间特征的图形变形算法,用于在"关键帧"之间插值生成足够多中间时刻的地理现象的空间特征状态作为"中间帧";采用合适的地图动画时间比例尺,连续播放各个"关键帧"和"中间帧",最终实现逼真动画效果的空间特征动态可视化。  相似文献   

褶皱土工膜+针刺钠基膨润土防水毯复合衬里的剪切试验研究     

林海  曾一帆  周创兵  董平霄  施建勇 《岩土力学》2023,(2):355-361

防渗工程中土工膜的褶皱现象普遍存在,然而目前关于土工膜界面剪切特性的研究大都忽略了褶皱的影响。以糙面土工膜（GM）和针刺钠基膨润土防水毯（GCL）组成的复合衬里为研究对象,利用水化变形试验证实两步水化法能有效地加速含褶皱GM+GCL复合衬里的水化步骤,使用大尺寸温控水浴直剪仪对含褶皱GM+GCL复合衬里的剪切特性进行了试验研究。通过将含褶皱GM+GCL复合衬里的剪切特性与无褶皱复合衬里进行对比分析,揭露了GM褶皱对复合衬里剪切特性的影响机制。GM褶皱的存在使得GM+GCL复合衬里的剪切应力-位移曲线产生较大差异,并使得低压下复合衬里的抗剪强度明显降低。GM褶皱使复合衬里产生明显的渐进破坏效应,复合衬里内部能出现多种破坏模式共存的现象。  相似文献   

上海浦东表层粘性土对城市垃圾污染质的阻隔能力   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

刘长礼  张云  焦鹏程  王成敏 《地球学报》2001,22(4):360-364

室内实验和野外观测研究结果表明，浦东表层粘性土对总铁，Cl^-,NH4^ ,COD等都具有较强的净化能力；土中水的起始或临界水力梯度均大于实际的水力梯度，但“隐渗流”对环境的影响不容忽视，包气带土中不存在临界迁移深度，岩不采取措施，填埋场会污染地下水，土的渗透性和压缩性在压实作用下，可得到明显改善，满足填埋场对粘性土垫层的基本要求。  相似文献   

Stresses around Pressure Tunnels with Semi-permeable Liners     

A. Bobet  S. W. Nam 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2007,40(3):287-315

Summary. The liner of a pressure tunnel needs to be designed such that it can withstand the loads from the ground, the internal pressure, and minimize the development of significant pore pressures at the liner-ground interface. Pore pressures behind the liner reduce the effective stresses in the ground immediately in contact with the liner and can ultimately produce loss of support from the ground. Deformations and loads of the liner are intimately connected to the interplay that exists between liner, ground, and pore pressures in the ground. A closed-form analytical solution has been derived that accounts for the inter-relation between liner, ground, and pore pressures. Elastic response of the liner and ground, and plane strain conditions at any cross-section of the tunnel are assumed. The solution shows that stresses in the ground depend on the following dimensionless factors: relative stiffness of the ground and liner, ground Poisson’s ratio, surface slope angle, coefficient of earth pressure at rest, relative tunnel depth, and magnitude of the pore pressure behind the liner relative to the internal pressure. The minimum ground effective tangential stresses at the ground-liner interface increase with the relative stiffness of the liner, with the coefficient of earth pressure at rest, and with tunnel depth. They decrease with increasing surface slope angle and pore pressures behind the liner. As leakage through the liner increases, the pore pressures in the ground increase. This results in a decrease of effective radial and tangential stresses in the ground while displacements and loads of the liner are relatively less affected.  相似文献   

Testing the ability of bentonite-amended natural zeolite (clinoptinolite) to remove heavy metals from liquid waste   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

K. Kayabalı  Hasan Kezer 《Environmental Geology》1998,34(2-3):95-102

 The design of environmentally sound liquid waste containment structures has become a crucial task in engineering applications due to ever increasing groundwater contamination from such sites. Construction of such structures usually requires a bottom liner of low hydraulic conductivity as part of the design. In order to reduce the hazards associated with liquid wastes including landfill leachate, bentonite-amended natural zeolite is proposed as an alternative to conventional earthen liners. Among many contaminants associated with liquid wastes, heavy metals are the most dangerous ones. This paper deals with determining the ability of natural zeolite to remove heavy metals from aqueous waste. For this purpose, crushed natural zeolite (clinoptinolite) is amended with commercial powdered bentonite to yield a soil mixture low in permeability and high in ion-exchange capacity. Leachate from a conventional landfill is used as the percolation fluid. Concentrations of certain heavy metals in the effluent fluid percolated through the bentonite-zeolite mixture are compared with that of initial leachate. The conclusion is reached that certain metals are efficiently removed from the influent solution by the soil matrix whereas some ions do not show significant reduction in concentration. This is attributed to high hydraulic conductivity of the bentonite-zeolite mixture.  相似文献   

浅埋黄土隧道三层支护结构力学特性现场测试     

赖金星  牛方园  樊浩博  邱军领  王开运 《岩土力学》2015,36(6):1769-1775

为研究浅埋黄土隧道锚喷初支+初衬+二衬构成的3层支护体系力学特性,以某黄土隧道为依托,采用钢弦式传感器对围岩压力、初衬与二衬接触压力、二衬钢筋轴力、二衬混凝土应变、钢拱架应力等进行了系统测试与分析。结果表明：(1) 作用在左拱腰处的围岩压力较大,且稳定值为240 kPa;(2) 浅埋段按不同围岩压力计算公式得到压力值均大于围岩压力实测值,其中采用太沙基公式得到的压力值与实测值相对接近;(3) 该黄土隧道二衬全部受压,其分布形态呈明显的猫耳形,初支、初衬、二衬承受的荷载比例分别为51.34%、37.29%、11.38%;(4) 钢拱架整体以受压为主,在拱顶和拱腰处受力较大,接近屈服状态;(5) 初支发挥了一定的围岩自承能力,其与初衬共同承担了大部分围岩荷载,二衬主要为结构安全储备。  相似文献