ASPECTS OF IRON NUTRITION IN MACROALGAE ULVA PERTUSA （CHLOROPHYTA） UNDER IRON STRESS     

Liu Jing-wen  Dong Shuang-lin  Liu Xiao-yun 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2002,20(2):162-169

Fe, Chlorophyll (Chl) and total nitrogen (TN) content in tissues were measured in Fe-deficient cultures ofUlva. pertusa over a period of 60 days. Photosynthetic carbon fixation rates were studied at the start of and 30 days after Fe-deficiency culture, when the effects of Fe-deficiency on the ultrastructure were also analyzed. The iron content in tissue decreased exponentially during Fe-deficiency (from 726.7 to 31.6 μg/gdw) and simultaneously Chl and TN content declined to 4.35% and 59.9% of their original levels respectively. Maximum carbon fixation rate (50–250 μmol/m² s) under Fe-deficiency decreased significantly compared with the control (p<0.01) and was 13.6 to 0.365 μg C/cm² h. Photosynthesis in Fe-deficient cells became light-saturated at lower irradiance than that in control. Ultrastructural observations of Fe-deficient cells showed reductions in chloroplast number, some degeneration of lamellar organization, an increase in vacuolar area, a decrease in mitochondrial matrix density, and variation in accumulation body number and morphology. During Fe-deficiency, the algae growth rate continued to decline and after 6 weeks of iron deficiency, no further growth was detectable. These suggested that the lower growth rate ofUlva. pertusa under Fe-deficiency could be due mainly to nitrogen utilization and inhibition of photosynthesis. This project No. 39725023 supported by NSFC for Talented Youths and the Project under the Major State Basic Research of China (Grant No. G1999012011).  相似文献   

Comparison of precipitation and land runoff as sources of estuarine nitrogen     

David L. Correll  Deborah Ford 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1982,15(1):45-56

The seasonal and year-to-year variation of bulk precipitation as a source of total N, nitrate and ammonia is reported for a 7-year period at the Rhode River, a subestuary of Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A. These values are placed in perspective by comparison with analogous nitrogen loading due to watershed discharges.Although year-to-year variations were important, in an average year about the same amount of readily available nitrogen entered the system via precipitation as entered in land runoff and, during the summer and fall, precipitation was the largest source.  相似文献   

Hydrology and nitrogen balance of a seasonally inundated Danish floodplain wetland     

Hans Estrup Andersen 《水文研究》2004,18(3):415-434

This paper characterizes a seasonally inundated Danish floodplain wetland in a state close to naturalness and includes an analysis of the major controls on the wetland water and nitrogen balances. The main inputs of water are precipitation and percolation during ponding and unsaturated conditions. Lateral saturated subsurface flow is low. The studied floodplain owes its wetland status to the hydraulic properties of its sediments: the low hydraulic conductivity of a silt–clay deposit on top of the floodplain maintains ponded water during winter, and parts of autumn and spring. A capillary fringe extends to the soil surface, and capillary rise from groundwater during summer maintains near‐saturated conditions in the root zone, and allows a permanently very high evapotranspiration rate. The average for the growing season of 1999 is 3·6 mm day^?1 and peak rate is 5·6 mm day^?1. In summer, the evapotranspiration is to a large degree supplied by subsurface storage in a confined peat layer underlying the silt–clay. The floodplain sediments are in a very reduced state as indicated by low sulphate concentrations. All nitrate transported into the wetland is thus denitrified. However, owing to modest water exchange with surrounding groundwater and surface water, denitrification is low; 71 kg NO₃–N ha^?1 during the study period of 1999. Reduction of nitrate diffusing into the sediments during water ponding accounts for 75% of nitrate removal. Biomass production and nitrogen uptake in above‐ground vegetation is high—8·56 t dry matter ha^?1 year^?1 and 103 kg N ha^?1 year^?1. Subsurface ammonium concentrations are high, and convective upward transport into the root zone driven by evapotranspiration amounted to 12·8 kg N ha^?1year^?1. The floodplain wetland sediments have a high nitrogen content, and conditions are very favourable for mineralization. Mineralization thus constitutes 72% of above‐ground plant uptake. The study demonstrates the necessity of identifying controlling factors, and to combine surface flow with vadose and groundwater flow processes in order to fully comprehend the flow and nitrogen dynamics of this type of wetland. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Performance of grass and eucalyptus riparian buffers in a pasture catchment,Western Australia,part 2: water quality     

Lucy A. McKergow  Ian P. Prosser  David M. Weaver  Rodger B. Grayson  Adrian E. G. Reed 《水文研究》2006,20(11):2327-2346

Declining water quality on the south coast of Western Australia has been linked to current agricultural practices. Riparian buffers were identified as a tool available to farmers and catchment managers to achieve water quality improvements. This study compares 10 m wide regenerating grass and Eucalyptus globulus buffer performance. Surface and subsurface water quality were monitored over a 3‐year period. Nutrient and sediment transport were both dominated by subsurface flow, in particular through the B‐horizon, and this may seriously limit the surface‐runoff‐related functions of the riparian buffers. Riparian buffer trapping efficiencies were variable on an event basis and annual basis. The grass buffer reduced total phosphorus, filterable reactive phosphorus, total nitrogen and suspended sediment loads from surface runoff by 50 to 60%. The E. globulus buffer was not as effective, and total load reductions in surface runoff ranged between 10 and 40%. A key difference between the grass and E. globulus buffers was the seasonality of sediment and nutrient transport. Surface runoff, and therefore sediment and nutrient transport, occurred throughout the year in the E. globulus buffer, but only during the winter in the grass buffer. As a consequence of high summer nutrient and sediment concentrations, half the annual loads moving via surface runoff pathways through the E. globulus buffer were transported during intense summer storms. This study demonstrates that grass and E. globulus riparian buffers receiving runoff from pasture under natural rainfall can reduce sediment and nutrient loads from surface runoff. However, in this environment the B‐horizon subsurface flow is the dominant flowpath for nutrient transport through the riparian buffers, and this subsurface flow pathway carries contaminant loads at least three times greater than surface runoff. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Experimental study on the effectiveness of TLDs under wave loading     

Dong Sheng  Li Huajun  Lu Ming  Tomotsuka Takayama 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2002,1(1):80-86

The objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the effectiveness of Tuned Liquid Dampers (TLDs) for suppressing the dynamic response of a platform structure subjected to wave loading and to explore the applicability of TLDs for suppressing the structural vibration of fixed offshore platforms. The experimental model is scaled according to a full size platform by matching its dynamic properties. Rectangular and circular TLDs of various sizes and water depths are examined.The experiments were performed in a 2-D wave flume. The effectiveness of TLDs is evaluated based on their response reduction. By observing the performance and the behavior of TLDs through laboratory experiments, the effects of a number of parameters including container shape, container size, number of dampers, frequency ratio, mass ratio, and incident wave characteristics are investigated.  相似文献   

The impact of storm events on solute exports from a glaciated forested watershed in western New York,USA     

S. P. Inamdar  N. O'Leary  M. J. Mitchell  J. T. Riley 《水文研究》2006,20(16):3423-3439

This study analysed the importance of precipitation events from May 2003 to April 2004 on surface water chemistry and solute export from a 696 ha glaciated forested watershed in western New York State, USA. The specific objectives of the study were to determine: (a) the temporal patterns of solutes within individual storm events; (b) the impact of precipitation events on seasonal and annual export budgets; and (c) how solute concentrations and loads varied for precipitation events among seasons as functions of storm intensity and antecedent moisture conditions. Analysis of solute trajectories showed that NH₄⁺, total Al and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) peaked on the hydrograph rising limb, whereas dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations peaked following the discharge peak. Sulphate and base‐cations displayed a dilution pattern with a minimum around peak discharge. End‐member mixing analysis showed that throughfall contributions were highest on the rising limb, whereas valley‐bottom riparian waters peaked following the discharge peak. The trajectories of NO₃^? concentrations varied with season, indicating the influence of biotic processes on the generation, and hence flux, of this solute. Storm events had the greatest impact on the annual budgets for NH₄⁺, K⁺, total dissolved Al, DON and DOC. Storm events during summer had the greatest impact on seasonal solute budgets. Summer events had the highest hourly discharges and high concentrations of solutes. However, NO₃^? and DOC exports during a spring snowmelt event were considerably more than those observed for large events during other periods of the year. Comparisons among storms showed that season, precipitation amount, and antecedent moisture conditions affected solute concentrations and loads. Concentrations of solutes were elevated for storms that occurred after dry antecedent conditions. Seven of the largest storms accounted for only 15% of the annual discharge, but were responsible for 34%, 19%, 64%, 13%, 39% and 24% of the annual exports of NH₄⁺, K⁺, Al, NO₃^?, DON and DOC respectively. These results suggest that the intense and infrequent storms predicted for future climate‐change scenarios will likely increase the exports of solutes like DOC, DON, NH₄⁺, Al and K⁺ from watersheds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

降水条件下的云雷达与微波辐射计反演液态水含量对比分析     

邹明龙  刘黎平  郑佳锋  曾震瑜  李博勇 《热带气象学报》2021,37(4):669-680

为了发展云雷达与微波辐射计联合反演液态水含量的方法, 利用2019年4—9月中国气象科学研究院在广东龙门开展的综合观测试验中的双波段云雷达和微波辐射计数据, 首先检验了在降水条件下微波辐射计天顶观测和斜路径观测两种探测模式反演温度(T)、相对湿度(RH)、液态水含量(LWC)和液态水路径(LWP)的合理性, 然后分析了两种探测设备反演LWC和LWP的差别。得到以下结论: (1)微波辐射计在斜路径观测模式下反演的产品受降水影响较小, 其反演结果明显优于天顶观测模式; (2)两种探测设备反演的LWP相关性较好且随时间变化较为一致, 但云雷达反演LWP与平均回波强度有明显相关, 随着雷达回波强度的增大, 云雷达与微波辐射计反演的LWP之比越大; (3)两种探测设备反演的LWC相关性较差且存在明显偏差, 在不考虑融化层的情况下单波段云雷达反演LWC与微波辐射计随高度变化趋势相近, 双波段云雷达反演LWC与微波辐射计反演结果在1 km及其以上区间存在明显差异。   相似文献   

The build-up of the laboratory-generated dose-response curve and underestimation of equivalent dose for quartz OSL in the high dose region: A critical modelling study     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

The application of a regeneration procedure for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating requires that the dose-response curve (DRC) of a natural sample is the same as that of a laboratory-generated one. However, the build-up of the laboratory-generated DRCs of quartz has been widely reported in the literature, i.e., the laboratory-generated DRCs are significantly higher than the natural counterparts in the high dose region (above 150 or 200 Gy). This results in severe underestimation of equivalent dose (D_e) for quartz OSL in the high dose region during the application of a single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol. However, the potential mechanism governing the build-up of the laboratory-generated DRC is still unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive investigation of the natural and laboratory-generated OSL signals and DRCs using a kinetic model for quartz. We compared the differences in charge concentrations between natural and laboratory-irradiated aliquots following irradiation and monitored the competition for holes and electrons during preheat and stimulation, for the natural, regenerative, and test dose cycles. In the course of the modelling, we could see the build-up of laboratory-generated DRCs, the underestimation of D_e, and a double exponential saturation characteristic of the DRCs. We demonstrated a discrepancy in competition for electrons in the deep electron trap and recombination centres during stimulation between the natural, regenerative, and test dose cycles. The simulation results are directly relevant to quartz OSL D_e determination using the SAR protocol and reveal the mechanisms responsible for the experimentally observed different behaviours between natural and laboratory-generated DRCs.  相似文献   

松嫩平原中南部黑土氮流失程度及分布特征研究     

杨贺平 《地质与资源》2021,30(5):577-582

对松嫩平原中南部黑土区20世纪80年代以及目前土壤中氮含量数据资料分析结果显示,近40年来研究区土壤氮的流失率达到5.02%.总体上呈现出土壤氮含量丰富-较丰富的一级、二级土地面积大量减少,而土壤中氮含量中等-缺乏的三级、四级和五级土地面积逐渐增大.对研究区不同土地利用方式土壤氮含量变化特征统计结果显示,研究区人为活动影响较强的水田和旱田两种主要土地利用方式土壤中氮含量丰富区的土地所占面积比例分别减少了20.9和6.1个百分点;人为活动影响相对较弱的沼泽湿地、草地和林地3种土地利用方式土壤氮含量丰富区的面积有所增加.对不同行政区市县土壤氮含量变化特征空间分析结果表明,研究区有6个市县土壤氮流失达到重度程度,建议作为黑土氮流失治理的重点地区;有8个市县（区）土壤氮流失达到中度程度,应作为土壤氮流失防与治兼顾的重点地区.  相似文献   

罗北凹地液体钾盐矿深部承压卤水特征及其开采方法试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李文学  张凡凯  王江  陈伟  杨宝恒 《地质学报》2018,92(8):1605-1616

罗北凹地钾盐矿是个地下存在多层富钾卤水的大型液体钾盐矿床,一共分为7个富钾卤水层,第一层为潜卤水W_1,下部6层(W_2、W_3、W_4、W_5、W_6、W_7)为承压卤水。目前生产开采对象主要为埋藏较浅且易于开采、富水性较好的潜卤水及部分承压含水层中的弹性释水。随着公司生产规模的扩大,矿区的年采卤量也随之增加,有的区域将很快面临开采富水性差及较难开采的深部承压卤水,但是承压卤水通常储存于较为致密的结晶盐层或碎屑层的孔隙或溶隙中,其含水地层水文参数相比潜卤水W_1要小很多,造成深部富钾的承压含水层卤水疏干采出难度较大。本文采用爆破法及大气联通法在罗北凹地钾盐矿区不同水文地质区域对深部承压含水层进行大规模抽水试验研究,确定了不同水文地质区域深部承压卤水合理且经济的开采方法,实现了罗北凹地钾盐矿(W_2、W_3、W_4)深部含钾承压卤水资源的大规模有效采出,将很难利用的深部富钾承压水变成可利用资源,提高了罗北凹地液体钾盐矿的深部承压卤水资源的利用率。  相似文献