MAGSAT data and Curie-depth below Deccan flood basalts (India)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

P. K. Agrawal  N. K. Thakur  J. G. Negi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1992,138(1):61-75

Ground and airborne magnetic data are severely disturbed due to random susceptibility variations in Deccan flood basalts. However, Magnetic Satellite (MAGSAT) data over the Deccan flood basaltic region of the Indian subcontinent exhibit filtering of surficial noise. Three passes over Deccan traps show a low at about 20°N latitude and a high at about 23°N latitude. Spectral analysis of these passes and an available 2-D MAGSAT vertical intensity map indicate a deep (40±4 km) magnetic interface. It is interesting to note that the determination of Curie-depth from MAGSAT matches and confirms the geothermal data model. The estimates correspond to the Moho depth derived from gravity and deep seismic sounding studies. The study suggests a continental shield-like geothermal gradient of about 14°C/km below the area.  相似文献   

Phosphorus distribution in sinking oceanic particulate matter   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Kristina L. Faul  Adina Paytan  Margaret L. Delaney 《Marine Chemistry》2005,97(3-4):307-333

Despite the recognition of the importance of phosphorus (P) in regulating marine productivity in some modern oceanic systems and over long timescales, the nature of particulate P within the ocean is not well understood. We analyzed P concentration in particulate matter from sediment traps and selected core tops from a wide range of oceanic regimes: open ocean environments (Equatorial Pacific, North Central Pacific), polar environments (Ross Sea, Palmer Deep), and coastal environments (Northern California Coast, Monterey Bay, Point Conception). These sites represent a range of productivity levels, temporal (seasonal to annual) distributions, and trap depths (200–4400 m). P associations were identified using an operationally defined sequential extraction procedure. We found that P in the sediment traps is typically composed of reactive P components including acid-insoluble organic P ( 40%), authigenic P ( 25%), and oxide associated and/or labile P ( 21%), with lesser proportions of non-reactive detrital P depending on location ( 13%). The concentrations and fluxes of all particulate P components except detrital P decrease or remain constant with depth between the shallowest and the deepest sediment traps, indicating some regeneration of reactive P components. Transformation from more labile forms of P to authigenic P is evident between the deepest traps and core top sediments. Although for most sites the magnitudes of reactive P fluxes are seasonally variable and productivity dependent, the fractional associations of reactive P are independent of season. We conclude that P is transported from the upper water column to the sediments in various forms previously considered unimportant. Thus, acid-insoluble organic P measurements (typically reported as particulate organic P) likely underestimate biologically related particulate P, because they do not include the labile, oxide-associated, or authigenic P fractions that often are or recently were biologically related. Organic C to reactive P ratios are typically higher than Redfield Ratio and are relatively constant with depth below 300 m suggesting that preferential regeneration of P relative to C occurs predominantly at shallow depths in the water column, but not deeper in the water column (> 300 m). The view of P cycling in the oceans should be revised (1) to include P fractions other than acid-soluble organic P as important carriers of reactive P in rapidly sinking particles, (2) to include the efficient transformation of labile forms of P to authigenic P in the water column as well as in sediments, and (3) to consider the occurrence of preferential P regeneration at very shallow depths.  相似文献   

Chemical and Biological Studies of Particulate Organic Matter in the Ocean     

John K. Volkman  Eiichiro Tanoue 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(2):265-279

This paper presents a review of the past decade's highlights of research on the isolation and characterisation of particulate organic matter (POM) in the world's oceans. The emphasis is on chemical studies but, in keeping with the growing interdisciplinary nature of marine science, advances in other disciplines are also discussed, particularly those in biological sciences. Increasing evidence for the importance of picoplankton, bacteria and viruses as POM constituents is highlighted, including the recent recognition of large populations of autotrophic bacteria able to harvest light for energy. The transport of POM to bottom waters was thought to be largely confined to large, rapidly sinking faecal pellets. However, recent studies have highlighted the importance of organic aggregates and flocs formed by diatoms such as Rhizosolenia and other microalgae. Ascending particles have also been discovered, many of which are lipid-rich. Several studies have shown that resuspension of bottom sediments and lateral advection of material from continental shelves can lead to anomalously high particle fluxes measured in sediment traps moored in deep water. Many new approaches for characterizing POM have emerged, such as pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and direct temperature-resolved mass spectrometry for analysis of higher molecular weight materials and biopolymers. Lipid biomarker techniques have also advanced, exciting new possibilities being raised by the ability to measure stable and radioactive carbon isotopes for individual compounds. The techniques of molecular biology, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are being increasingly applied to provide complementary information to more conventional microscopy and flow cytometry on the identity of organisms in the sea. The combination of these techniques with advanced chemical analysis methods promises to greatly increase our knowledge of the origins, transport and fate of organic matter in the oceans. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Modelling of thermochemical plumes and implications for the origin of the Siberian traps     

Nickolay L. Dobretsov  Alexey A. Kirdyashkin  Anatoliy G. Kirdyashkin  Valery A. Vernikovsky  Igor N. Gladkov 《Lithos》2008,100(1-4):66-92

Thermochemical plumes form at the base of the lower mantle as a consequence of heat flow from the outer core and the presence of local chemical doping that decreases the melting temperature. Theoretical and experimental modelling of thermochemical plumes show that the diameter of a plume conduit remains practically constant during plume ascent. However, when the top of a plume reaches a refractory layer, whose melting temperature is higher than the melt temperature in the plume conduit, a mushroom-shaped plume head develops. Main parameters (melt viscosity, ascent time, ascent velocity, temperature differences in the plume conduit, and thermal power) are presented for a thermochemical plume ascending from the core–mantle boundary. In addition, the following relationships are developed: the pressure distribution in the plume conduit during the ascent of a plume, conditions for eruption-conduit formation, the effect of the P–T conditions and controls on the shape and size of a plume top, heat transfer between a thermochemical plume and the lithosphere (when the plume reaches the bottom of a refractory layer in the lithosphere), and eruption volume versus the time interval t₁ between plume formation and eruption. These relationships are used to determine thermal power and time t₁ for the Tunguska syneclise and the Siberian traps as a whole.

The Siberian and other trap provinces are characterized by giant volumes of lavas and sills formed a very short time period. Data permit a model for superplumes with three stages of formation: early (variable picrites and alkali basalts), main (tholeiite plateau basalts), and final (ultrabasic and alkaline lavas and intrusions). These stages reflect the evolution of a superplume from the ascent of one or several independent plumes, through the formation of thick lenses of mantle melts underplating the lithosphere and, finally, intrusion and extrusion of differentiated mantle melts. Synchronous syenite–granite intrusions and bimodal volcanism abundant in the margins of the Siberian traps are the result of melting of the lower crust at depths of 65–70 km under the effect of plume melts.  相似文献   

Global Radiation and Onset of Stratification as Forcing Factors of Seasonal Carbonate and Organic Matter Flux Dynamics in a Hypertrophic Hardwater Lake (Sacrower See,Northeastern Germany)     

Philipp Bluszcz  Emiliya Kirilova  André F. Lotter  Christian Ohlendorf  Bernd Zolitschka 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2008,14(1):73-98

A 2-year (October 2003–October 2005) high-resolution sediment trap study was conducted in Sacrower See, a dimictic hardwater lake in northeastern Germany. Geochemical and diatom data from sediment trap samples were compared with a broad range of limnological and meteorological parameters to quantify the impact of single parameters on biochemical calcite precipitation and organic matter production. Our goals were to disentangle how carbonaceous varves and their sublaminae form during the annual cycle to better understand the palaeorecords and to detect influences of dissolution, resuspension as well as of global radiation and stratification on lake internal particle formation. Total particle fluxes in both investigated years were highest during spring and summer. Sedimentation was dominated by autochthonous organic matter and biochemically precipitated calcite. Main calcite precipitation occurred between April and July and was preceded and followed by smaller flux peaks caused by resuspension during winter and blooms of the calcified green algae Phacotus lenticularis during summer. In some of the trap intervals during summer up to 100% of the precipitated calcite was dissolved in the hypolimnion. High primary production due to stable insolation conditions in epilimnic waters began with stratification of the water column. Start and development of stratification is closely related to air and water surface temperatures. It is assumed that global radiation influences the onset and stability of water column stratification and thereby determining the intensity of primary production and consequently of timing and amount of calcite precipitation which is triggered by phytoplanktonic CO₂ consumption. Sediment fluxes of organic matter and calcite are also related to the winter NAO-Index. Therefore these fluxes will be used as a proxy for ongoing reconstruction of Holocene climate conditions.  相似文献   

人穷还是地穷?空间贫困陷阱的地统计学检验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

马振邦  陈兴鹏  贾卓  吕鹏 《地理研究》2018,37(10):1997-2010

引入地统计学的变异函数和交叉相关图方法,以甘肃省六盘山片区为案例区,通过分析村级贫困的空间格局及其与地理因子关系随空间尺度的变化,提供空间贫困陷阱检验关于尺度的深入理解。结果表明：地统计学方法兼具有效性和可靠性,可以反映地理因素—贫困状况关系随时空的变化,对“人地关系”视角下反贫困理论与实践研究具有积极意义。案例区空间贫困陷阱问题突出,村级贫困在一定空间范围内具有自相关性,空间总变异中自相关部分远高于随机性部分,这与不同尺度上地形、气候、区位等结构性因素的影响和控制有关,总体上到县城距离、海拔和总人口3个因子的影响范围和强度较大。  相似文献   

甘肃酒泉盆地营尔凹陷层序地层特征与岩性勘探目标   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

娄占伟  潘良云  张宏伟  张敬东  李明杰 《现代地质》2005,19(4):563-569

甘肃酒泉盆地营尔凹陷发育中生代陆相断陷沉积,沉积构造研究表明下白垩统具备形成岩性油气藏的石油地质条件,但前人对该区岩性油气藏勘探领域的研究较少,目前尚未开展针对岩性油气藏的勘探。借助东部陆相断陷盆地的成功经验,利用钻井、地震等资料,开展了层序地层研究;将区内下白垩统划分为4个三级层序,自下而上依次为赤金堡组下段层序（Ⅰ）、赤金堡组上段层序（Ⅱ）、下沟组下段层序（Ⅲ）和下沟组上段层序（Ⅳ）;重点对区内主要勘探目的层段赤金堡组上段（层序Ⅱ）和下沟组下段（层序Ⅲ）进行了体系域划分。各层序及体系域具有不同的岩性、电性及地震反射波组特征响应,在体系域格架内利用三维属性反演、地震相分析、切片等手段开展了沉积相和岩性圈闭识别研究,发现3个岩性圈闭,综合评价认为1号岩性体是本区岩性勘探的有利目标。  相似文献   

大民屯凹陷西斜坡沙三段沉积特征及岩性油气藏预测     

叶兴树  高海红  尤建军  庄升  苑国胜 《矿物岩石》2012,32(1):82-88

运用层序地层及沉积相理论对大民屯凹陷西斜坡古近纪沙三段发育的沉积特征进行分析,结果表明:沙三段发育低位、湖侵、高位体系域;大民屯凹陷西斜坡沙三段的沉积相类型可分为冲积扇相、辫状河三角洲相和浊积扇相;前进断裂坡折带控制了大民屯凹陷西斜坡沙三段沉积发育,低位域主要发育冲积扇、辫状河三角洲、滑塌浊积扇,同沉积断裂坡折带之下发育辫状河三角洲、滑塌浊积扇,湖侵域在坡折带之下主要发育滑塌浊积扇、湖相泥岩;高位域西斜坡主要发育冲积扇和辫状河三角洲相沉积,从而沿着西斜坡形成冲积扇相—三角洲相—浊积扇相的沉积模式;沙三中下段,大民屯凹陷荣胜堡洼陷东北斜坡部位受前进断裂破折带控制的沉积砂体及浅湖-半深湖区的浊积扇砂体是形成岩性油气藏有利区带。  相似文献   

A new interpretation for the origin of the Norilsk type PGE-Cu-Ni sulfide deposits   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

V.I. Starostin  O.G. Sorokhtin 《地学前缘(英文版)》2011,2(4)

The origin of PGE-Cu-Ni sulfide deposits of Norilsk and Talnakh located in the northwest flank of the Triassic basalt trap formation of Siberia is considered.It is shown that ore elements of these deposits (probably,except Fe) are derived from the crust rather than from the mantle.They entered the basalts owing to a remobilization (recycling) of ore elements from the Paleoproterozoic sediments and from the rocks of the Siberian platform's basement.Prospecting criteria for similar deposits are as follows:(1) a presence of a large Paleoproterozoic aulacogen and a related magmatic sulfide Cu-Ni mineralization; (2) a confinement of perspective areas to troughs associated with long-lived deep fault zones; (3) association with mobile orogenic belts,island-arc systems and tectonomagmatic activation zones; (4) temporal association with boundaries of global periods characterized by active processes of continental breakup and large-scale trap magmatism.A combination of several factors (the first one is obligatory) is favorable for the discovery of a large ore body.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏形成研究现状与展望   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李荣西  段立志  张少妮  陈宝赟  石彬  阎改萍 《地球科学与环境学报》2011,33(4):364-372

鄂尔多斯盆地是中国规模最大的低渗透油气资源勘探与开发基地,其低渗透油气藏具有油层物性差、非均质性强、油藏成藏因素复杂、油藏分布受多种因素联合控制等特点.在回顾鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏成藏理论研究和勘探历史经验基础上,认为目前鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏成藏研究存在两大理论体系,即沉积学控制成藏理论和运移动力学控制成藏理论,...  相似文献