基于热红外遥感数据的西藏冈底斯东段岩性识别     

黄照强 《地质与勘探》2010,46(6):1092-1098

ASTER数据包含有从太空测量来自地球表面的多光谱热红外辐射数据。通过对JHU光谱库中岩石矿物热红外光谱特征的分析,以及对ASTER影像TIR波段光谱特征进行分析,利用比值法和光谱角制图法SAM相结合进行石英、砂岩和硅酸盐岩类等造岩矿物识别并在西藏冈底斯东段泽当矿田应用,最后将遥感解译分析结果与该区已的地质资料进行比较。结果表明,ASTER影像TIR波段基本上能识别硅酸盐类造岩矿物,并且对于岩性识别具有很大的应用潜力。  相似文献   

分形在岩性分类及蚀变信息提取中的应用     

郑桂香  池天河  蔺启忠 《国土资源遥感》2012,(2):110-115

为了推进多重分形思想在遥感地质找矿领域的应用,以新疆西准噶尔地区为实验区,通过分析该区的成矿特点与遥感影像特征,构建分形维数谱,并将其与图像光谱特征相结合进行岩性分类与含黄铁矿矿化蚀变信息提取,在现有矿点统计资料与专家经验知识的支撑下,确定找矿靶区.实践证明,基于遥感图像的分形理论并结合图像的光谱特征,建立相应的找矿模型和找矿标志,能更好地为区域矿产勘查提供决策支持.  相似文献   

A new interpretation for the origin of the Norilsk typePGEeCueNi sulfide deposits     

V.I. Starostin  O.G. Sorokhtin 《地学前缘(英文版)》2011,2(4):583-591

The origin of PGEeCueNi sulfide deposits of Norilsk and Talnakh located in the northwest flank of the Triassic basalt trap formation of Siberia is considered. It is shown that ore elements of these deposits (probably, except Fe) are derived from the crust rather than from the mantle. They entered the basalts owing to a remobilization (recycling) of ore elements from the Paleoproterozoic sediments and from the rocks of the Siberian platform’s basement. Prospecting criteria for similar deposits are as follows: (1) a presence of a large Paleoproterozoic aulacogen and a related magmatic sulfide CueNi mineralization; (2) a confinement of perspective areas to troughs associated with long-lived deep fault zones; (3) association with mobile orogenic belts, island-arc systems and tectonomagmatic activation zones; (4) temporal association with boundaries of global periods characterized by active processes of continental breakup and large-scale trap magmatism. A combination of several factors (the first one is obligatory) is favorable for the discovery of a large ore body.  相似文献   

甘蒙交界北山地区早白垩世地层梳理及时代归属新见          下载免费PDF全文

张明震  刘国龙  戴霜  陈世强  李爱静  交巴顿珠  张静  林少华 《古地理学报》2023,25(2):497-510

甘肃和内蒙交界的北山地区早白垩世发育众多小型内陆沉积盆地,富含煤、铀、油气等能源资源,但由于该地区岩石地层系统划分较为混乱、时代归属不清,从而制约了近年来的大规模资源勘探工作。本研究基于众多钻孔及露头剖面的沉积序列特征和孢粉等古生物资料,系统清理了该地区的下白垩统归属关系,建议将该地区的下白垩统老树窝群划分为3个组,自下而上依次为驼马滩组、甜水井组(新名)以及马鬃山组(新名),驼马滩组和甜水井组呈不整合接触。驼马滩组以灰黑色、深灰绿色含煤泥岩、粉砂岩及粗砂岩为主,含早白垩世早期孢粉Aequitriradites,但早白垩世中晚期繁盛的Cicatricosisporites含量极低且类型单调,指示驼马滩组的时代为早白垩世早期(大致为贝里阿斯期晚期至瓦兰今期早期)。甜水井组以灰绿色泥岩、粉砂岩为主,Ephedripites、Cicatricosisporites等孢粉含量丰富且类型多样,指示其时代为早白垩世中期(大致为欧特里夫期至巴雷姆期)。马鬃山组以紫红色、浅灰色粉砂岩为主,含有少量三沟类早期被子植物花粉化石,指示其时代为早白垩世晚期(可能为阿普特期至阿尔布期)。以上研究初步整理了甘、蒙...  相似文献   

来自大别山深成侵入岩图像深度迁移学习的可解释性研究     

陈忠良  袁峰  李晓晖  郑超杰 《地质论评》2023,69(6):2263-2273

岩石图像识别是以深度学习为代表的感知智能在地质领域的典型应用场景。已有研究显示网络结构简单的深度卷积神经网络能够在岩石图像上取得比复杂网络结构高的分类准确率。这与ImageNet数据集上网络结构越深越好的趋势相悖。如何解释这一现象？深成侵入岩为显晶质,自形—半自形粒状结构,块状构造,其分类的依据是其矿物成分及相对含量。大别山地区岩浆活动广泛,中生代深成侵入岩广泛出露。岩石类型包括超镁铁质岩类、辉长岩类、闪长岩类、正长岩类、二长岩类和花岗岩类,基本覆盖IUGS推荐的深成侵入岩分类方案中的岩石类型。选取大别山地区中生代深成岩图像开展不同网络结构预训练模型迁移学习对比试验,能够专注于深度学习对矿物成分特征的学习解释,降低构造因素的影响。借助局部可理解的模型解释技术和特征图可视化技术,分别从全连接层分类决策区域可视化和卷积隐层可视化两方面对深度学习模型开展可解释性研究。结果表明简单网络结构的卷积神经网络能够提取不同矿物所表现出的颜色特征以及不同矿物组合所表现出的纹理特征。AlexNet模型的削减试验进一步证明：对于岩石图像深度学习,网络结构并不总是越深越好。  相似文献   

张扭性盆地隐性断裂带识别、演化及控藏作用——以苏北盆地金湖凹陷为例          下载免费PDF全文

王伟锋  周维维  刘玉瑞 《地质科学》2015,(3):911-925

隐性断裂带是由区域或局部应力场或基底断裂活动影响下, 在凹陷沉积盖层中产生的断裂趋势带。重磁、三维地震资料处理解释成果证实苏北盆地金湖凹陷存在北东、北西两组基底断裂。部分北东向的基底断裂活动强烈, 控制了凹陷形成和演化; 北西向和部分北东向的基底断裂活动性较弱, 沉积盖层中形成了隐性断裂带。它们表现为成带分布的雁列式小断层、断断续续沿固定方向分布的小断层、一系列沉积扇体或油气圈闭成带成串分布等线状构造。随机测线的剖面上表现为地震同相轴没有明显错断或呈现杂乱反射。除上述两组隐性断裂带, 区域右行应力场在凹陷内部产生的东西方向的挤压应力分量也形成了断续状、串状的南北向隐性断裂带。研究表明, 隐性断裂带由"隐性"逐渐向"显性"过渡。经历了早期弱雁列式隐性期、早中期强雁列式隐性期、中期断续状隐-显期、中后期串状显-隐期4个隐性阶段, 最终演化为"显性"张扭性走滑断裂。沉积盖层中形成的这些隐性断裂带控制了储集砂体分布、改善了储层物性、使隐性圈闭成带成串分布, 是油气聚集成藏的有利区带。  相似文献   

Sea‐level changes,river activity,soil development and glaciation around the western margins of the southern North Sea Basin during the Early and early Middle Pleistocene: evidence from Pakefield,Suffolk, UK     

Jonathan R. Lee  James Rose  Ian Candy  Rene W. Barendregt 《第四纪科学杂志》2006,21(2):155-179

This paper outlines evidence from Pakefield (northern Suffolk), eastern England, for sea‐level changes, river activity, soil development and glaciation during the late Early and early Middle Pleistocene (MIS 20–12) within the western margins of the southern North Sea Basin. During this time period, the area consisted of a low‐lying coastal plain and a shallow offshore shelf. The area was drained by major river systems including the Thames and Bytham. Changes in sea‐level caused several major transgressive–regressive cycles across this low‐relief region, and these changes are identified by the stratigraphic relationship between shallow marine (Wroxham Crag Formation), fluvial (Cromer Forest‐bed and Bytham formations) and glacial (Happisburgh and Lowestoft formations) sediments. Two separate glaciations are recognised—the Happisburgh (MIS 16) and Anglian (MIS 12) glaciations, and these are separated by a high sea level represented by a new member of the Wroxham Crag Formation, and several phases of river aggradation and incision. The principal driving mechanism behind sea‐level changes and river terrace development within the region during this time period is solar insolation operating over 100‐kyr eccentricity cycles. This effect is achieved by the impact of cold climate processes upon coastal, river and glacial systems and these climatically forced processes obscure the neotectonic drivers that operated over this period of time. © British Geological Survey/Natural Environment Research Council copyright 2005. Reproduced with the permission of BGS/NERC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Acid leached analyses of stormdrain and harbor sediments, New Zealand     

P. J. Pilotto  J. R. Goff  D. C. Weatherburn 《Environmental Geology》1999,37(1-2):145-152

 Sediments from stormdrain catchments in Wellington city and sediment traps from Wellington Harbor were sampled for trace metal content. Samples were analyzed for acid leached metal content by extraction with 0.11 mol acetic acid l^–1 and using ICP-MS. Cu and Zn levels in harbor sediment traps increased towards the periphery of the harbor, while Pb levels adjacent to a road almost doubled. In general, areas of light industry in the Inner City stormdrain catchments exhibited higher acid leached metal concentrations. However, large-scale renovation work probably contributed to point sources of high metal levels. The proximity of stormdrain outlets to recreational activities, such as wharf fishing and shellfish gathering, should be of prime concern to local authorities. Some positive correlations are found between acid leached and total metal levels. These may prove useful for assessing the biological impact of significant increases in total metal concentrations in the vicinity of Wellington Harbor. Significant savings in the time and costs of analyses may be achieved. Received: 27 February 1998 · Accepted: 27 April 1998  相似文献   

Ground penetrating radar application in a shallow marine Oxfordian limestone sequence located on the eastern flank of the Paris Basin, NE France   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Guy Dagallier  Ari I. Laitinen  Fabrice Malartre  Ignace P. A. M. Van Campenhout  Paul C. H. Veeken   《Sedimentary Geology》2000,130(3-4):149-165

A Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey has been carried out in Upper Jurassic limestones located on the eastern flank of the Paris Basin (NE France). The potential of the investigation method is assessed for delineating geologically meaningful stratifications in the shallow subsurface. The fundamentals of the GPR technique are described. Penetration depth and vertical resolution depends on the soil conditions, the characteristics of input signal and the configuration of the transmitter–receiver assembly. In the studied carbonates the penetration level is rather good and the electromagnetic signal reaches up to 1000 nanoseconds maximum (i.e. approximately 55 m). Several depositional units are outlined on the GPR profiles. Six different lithological units are recognised with distinct GPR reflection characteristics. The profiles illustrate the internal 3D organisation of the carbonate platform and its geometry. They provide detailed insight into the nature of an Oxfordian reefal build-up. The high-resolution subsurface model is directly calibrated with geological field observations and it results in a predictive 3D depositional working model. The GPR method is a non-destructive remote sensing technique that is cost effective. The method is considered complementary to other conventional high-resolution reservoir characterisation studies. It represents a powerful investigation tool in earth science studies concerning the imaging of the structure of the shallow subsurface.  相似文献   

Increased Particle Fluxes at the INDEX Site Attributable to Simulated Benthic Disturbance     

G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3):223-235

Abstract

Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m^?2 day^?1. Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (～4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ～5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ～50%, indicating rapid particle settlement.  相似文献