Assessment and Management Strategies for Ungulate Population in Jiangxi Matoushan National Nature Reserve: Predicting the Prey-base from Empirical Field Data     

PAN Guoliang  LAGUARDIA Alice  HUETTMANN Falk  SHI Kun 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2016,7(5):397-406

In order to investigate the feasibility of reintroducing the South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis) in the Jiangxi Matoushan National Nature Reserve, field surveys were conducted to assess prey distribution in the reserve. Twelve permanent transects were set in three distinct functional zones from February to April 2012 and May to July 2013. A total of 112 ungulate signs were recorded on these transects. In addition, 20 camera traps were used to survey ungulates and predators in 2012, while the following year we extended the survey site by using 30 cameras. Overall, 6641 capture events on 2930 camera days were obtained, presenting a variety of ungulate species: muntjak (Muntiacus muntjak), tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus), serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). Population structure and composition of ungulates was compared in different functional zones using a single factor of variance analysis in SPSS software. Significant differences in the distribution of ungulates were recognized between the core zone and experimental zone, but not in other zones due to differences in habitat types and management practices of the nature reserve. Using ArcGIS analysis and Salford Predictive Modeler software, we ran several predictive models to understand which areas are most suitable for ungulates. We conclude that muntjac and wild boar are mainly distributed in the experimental zone, serow are more common in the core zone, while tufted deer are located evenly in the three functional zones. Finally, suggestions for effective and feasible management strategies and techniques for Matoushan National Nature Reserve were recommended based on the results and analysis in this study.  相似文献   

基于多元参照光谱的SAM岩性划分方法     

帅爽  张志  王少军  陈安 《地球信息科学学报》2016,18(1):133-140

光谱角制图（SAM）是一种光谱匹配方法,通过量化目标地物光谱与已知参照光谱的相似程度来判断目标地物的类型,广泛应用于多光谱遥感岩性识别。目前,岩石单元训练区内像元的均值光谱,往往作为代表该岩石单元的参照光谱来进行光谱角制图,而使用均值光谱作为参照光谱库的方法,并未考虑岩石单元内部固有的光谱差异性,很大程度上影响了SAM分类效果。为了消除SAM岩性划分时岩石单元内部的光谱差异的影响,本文采用了一种多元参照光谱的SAM岩性划分方法。首先,依据研究区已有地质资料和Landsat-8影像特征,选定各类岩石单元训练区;接着进行各岩石单元训练区内部像元的光谱差异性分析,和各训练区之间的样本可分离性分析,分别使用均值参照光谱库的SAM方法和多元参照光谱库的SAM方法对研究区Landsat-8影像进行了岩性划分实验。研究结果表明,多元参照光谱库的SAM岩性分类方法很好地改善了岩石单元内部光谱差异性对均值参照光谱库的SAM岩性分类方法的影响,分类精度显著提高。  相似文献   

A Real-time Lithological Identification Method based on SMOTE-Tomek and ICSA Optimization     

DENG Song  PAN Haoyu  LI Chaowei  YAN Xiaopeng  WANG Jiangshuai  SHI Lin  PEI Chunyu  CAI Meng 《《地质学报》英文版》2024,98(2):518-530

In petroleum engineering, real-time lithology identification is very important for reservoir evaluation, drilling decisions and petroleum geological exploration. A lithology identification method while drilling based on machine learning and mud logging data is studied in this paper. This method can effectively utilize downhole parameters collected in real-time during drilling, to identify lithology in real-time and provide a reference for optimization of drilling parameters. Given the imbalance of lithology samples, the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) and Tomek link were used to balance the sample number of five lithologies. Meanwhile, this paper introduces Tent map, random opposition-based learning and dynamic perceived probability to the original crow search algorithm (CSA), and establishes an improved crow search algorithm (ICSA). In this paper, ICSA is used to optimize the hyperparameter combination of random forest (RF), extremely random trees (ET), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) models. In addition, this study combines the recognition advantages of the four models. The accuracy of lithology identification by the weighted average probability model reaches 0.877. The study of this paper realizes high-precision real-time lithology identification method, which can provide lithology reference for the drilling process.  相似文献   

Wind-related resuspension of sediments in the Peel-Harvey Estuarine System     

J.O. Gabrielson  R.J. Lukatelich 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,20(2):135-145

Resuspension of bottom sediments accounted for 69–92% of mean deposition rates (11·6–69·3 gm^?2 day^?1) measured at 5 sites in the Peel-Harvey Estuarine System, Western Australia. Deposition rates at all but one of the sites were found to be correlated (P<0·05) with a function of wind combining a fetch factor with the number of hours of winds greater than 5 ms^?1 weighted by the third power of wind velocity. The exception was the only site with a cover of benthic algae (Cladophora) during the study. Wind-related resuspension greatly affects the forms and amounts of productivity in this system.  相似文献   

Aeolian sediment transport on a human‐altered foredune     

Karl F. Nordstrom  Nancy L. Jackson  Jean Marie Hartman  Mark Wong 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(1):102-115

Changes in wind speed and sediment transport are evaluated at a gap and adjacent crest of a 2 to 3 m high, 40 m wide foredune built by sand fences and vegetation plantings on a wide, nourished fine sand beach at Ocean City, New Jersey. Anemometer masts, cylindrical sand traps and erosion pins were placed on the beach and dune during two obliquely onshore wind events in February and March 2003. Results reveal that: (1) changes in the alongshore continuity of the beach and dune system can act as boundaries to aeolian transport when winds blow at an angle to the shoreline; (2) oblique winds blowing across poorly vegetated patches in the dune increase the potential for creating an irregular crest elevation; (3) transport rates and deflation rates can be greater within the foredune than on the beach, if the dune surface is poorly vegetated and the beach has not had time to dry following tidal inundation; (4) frozen ground does not prevent surface deflation; and (5) remnant sand fences and fresh storm wrack have great local but temporary effect on transport rates. Temporal and spatial differences due to sand fences and wrack, changes in sediment availability due to time‐dependent differences in surface moisture and frozen ground, combined with complex topography and patchy vegetation make it difficult to specify cause–effect relationships. Effects of individual roughness elements on the beach and dune on wind flow and sediment transport can be quantified at specific locations at the event scale, but extrapolation of each event to longer temporal and spatial scales remains qualitative. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

国内外火山碎屑岩的分类命名历史及现状   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

孙善平  李家振  朱勤文  魏海泉 《地球科学》1987,(6)

1981年国际地科联火成岩分类分会委托瑞士学者施米德提出的那个分类表比较简明,但还有些问题值得商榷。50年代末笔者提出了国内第一个岩性分类表。近30年来,充分吸取了国内外学者分类表的优点,在实践中不断修改充实,最近又提出了一个修订的岩性分类表,尚需进一步完善。当前火山碎屑岩分类命名由岩性分类重点转向成因分类。我们参考了国内外学者有关成因分类的新见解,初步提出了一个火山碎屑岩成因分类方案,以供大家讨论。  相似文献   

浅水区(潮间带)滤食性贝类生物沉积的现场测定     

刘鹏  周毅  王峰  张晓梅  刘炳舰  杨红生 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(2):253-258

2012年7月,在荣成天鹅湖用自行研制的沉积物捕集器现场测定底内动物菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)和底上动物长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)的生物沉积速率,以建立潮间带贝类生物沉积的现场测定方法,并评价两种贝类对潮间带生态环境的影响。结果表明:各组内沉积物重量差异不显著,处理组与对照组的沉积物重量差异显著(F=58.047,P=0.000),测得的生物沉积速率与文献具有可比性,因此可以推测新型生物沉积物捕集器适用于浅水区(潮间带),能够准确测定生物沉积速率。在平均水温18.8°C条件下,菲律宾蛤仔和长牡蛎都具有较高的生物沉积速率。壳长(25.0±1.5)mm、软体干重(0.12±0.03)g的菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积速率为(44.92±4.12)mg/(ind·d);壳长(29.8±1.3)mm、软体干重(0.23±0.05)g的菲律宾蛤仔生物沉积速率为(54.84±7.77)mg/(ind·d);壳长(98.8±14.1)mm、软体干重(3.94±0.66)g的长牡蛎生物沉积速率为(1069.01±212.24)mg/(ind·d)。作为天鹅湖海区两种典型贝类,据估算,每平方米面积内的蛤仔和长牡蛎每天分别将29.9g、15.0g的悬浮颗粒物通过滤食和排粪沉积到底层,增强了水层-底栖系统的耦合作用。  相似文献   

Spatial distribution of dust deposition within a small drainage basin: Implications for loess deposits in the Negev Desert   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Giora J. Kidron  Motti Zohar  Abraham Starinsky 《Sedimentology》2014,61(7):1908-1922

Loessial colluvial sediments and aeolian aprons are common deposits in the Negev Desert Highlands. In an attempt to monitor the amounts and distributional pattern of loess, monthly dust measurements were carried out during 2004 to 2006 in 10 cm diameter traps located at 18 stations along four slopes, north‐facing, south‐facing, east‐facing and west‐facing in a second‐order drainage basin near Sede Boqer, Negev Desert Highlands, Israel. Annual total dust depositions ranged between 110 g and 178 g m^?2 with an average of 151·1 g m^?2. The average annual dust deposition in the catchment was 23·5% higher than the average amount recorded at the hilltops (122·4 g m^?2) and may be a consequence of sheltering opportunities in the hilly topography. When analysed according to season and aspect, significantly higher monthly amounts were received during the wet rainy season of December to March (17·0 g m^?2), in comparison with the rest of the year (8·1 g m^?2). As for the aspect, while no significant differences characterized north‐facing and south‐facing slopes, east‐facing slopes received significantly higher amounts (by 43·3%) than west‐facing slopes, pointing to preferential dust deposition at the leeward slope. Concurring with the classical model that anticipates higher dust deposition at the leeside slope, but in disagreement with some reports published in the literature, the findings of this study were also supported by a field survey that showed preferential loess accumulation at the eastern and north‐eastern aspects. These findings may shed light on distributional patterns of colluvial sediments and aeolian aprons in the Negev, on soil‐forming processes and on past cycles of dust deposition.  相似文献   

不同岩性顶板回采工作面矿压分布规律   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

孟召平  李国富  雷志勇  马辉  孟凡彬 《煤田地质与勘探》2006,34(6):19-21

采用数值模拟技术和现场矿压观测系统,研究了不同岩性顶板回采工作面矿压分布规律及其显现特征。结果表明,在煤炭开采过程中,不同岩性顶板回采工作面最大支承应力存在一定差异,在强度较高的砂岩顶板岩体中,支承压力大,工作面前方支承压力峰值距工作面距离小,初次来压步距和周期来压步距大,矿压显现强烈;而在强度较低的泥岩顶板区,顶板岩体不能和砂岩骨架层一样抵抗覆岩压力,且支承压力小,支承压力的峰值向回采工作面前方岩体内部推移,初次来压步距和周期来压步距小,矿压显现不明显。   相似文献