Land uplift near Vatnajökull, Iceland, as observed by GPS in 1992, 1996 and 1999     

Lars E. Sjöberg  Ming Pan  Sigurdur Erlingsson  Erick Asenjo  Kolbeinn Arnason 《Geophysical Journal International》2004,159(3):943-948

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Passive Seismic Experiment Mosaic - A Pilot Study of Mantle Lithosphere Anisotropy of the Bohemian Massif     

J. Plomerova  L. Vecsey  V. Babuska  M. Granet  U. Achauer 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2005,49(4):541-560

We present results of an array study of seismic anisotropy beneath the Bohemian Massif (BM) showing distinct lateral and directional variations of the fast shear-wave polarization and split-delay time consistent with variations in the P-residual spheres, in which directional means of relative residuals are subtracted. Our analysis of the S- and P-wave anisotropy suggests that the mantle lithosphere of the BM consists of at least three large domains with different orientation of the large-scale fabric separated by sutures cutting most likely the whole lithosphere. Boundaries of the units are characterised by a null or small shear-wave splitting, as well as by smaller values in the P-residual spheres. We present self-consistent 3D anisotropic models of the lithosphere domains of the BM resulting from joint inversion of anisotropic parameters searching for a 3D orientation of mantle fabric. While in the Saxothuringian and Sudetes parts of the BM the (a, c) foliations dip prevailingly to the N-NW, they dip to the S and SW in the southern and eastern parts of the Moldanubian.  相似文献   

Onset of small-scale instabilities at the base of the lithosphere: scaling laws and role of pre-existing lithospheric structures     

Caroline Dumoulin  Marie-Pierre Doin  Diane Arcay  Luce Fleitout 《Geophysical Journal International》2005,160(1):345-357

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A new view of Italian seismicity using 20 years of instrumental recordings   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

C. Chiarabba  L. Jovane  R. DiStefano 《Tectonophysics》2005,395(3-4):251-268

In this paper, we show the seismicity of the past 20 years that occurred in Italy and surrounding regions. Hypocentral locations have been obtained by using P- and S-wave arrival times from the INGV national and several regional permanent seismic networks. More than 48,000 events, selected from an original data set of about 99,780, are used to reconstruct the most complete seismic picture of the Italian region so far. The seismicity distribution allows inference on seismotectonics of this complex region of subduction versus continental collision. Our results clearly reveal the geometry of the Adria and the Ionian subduction and a continuous normal fault belt in the upper crust, following the Apennines mountain range. The depth of the seismogenic layer is computed from the cut-off of seismicity at depth and shows large variations along and across the seismic active regions. Earthquakes are generated by the different velocity of slab retreat and the subsequent asthenospheric upwelling.  相似文献   

Near-vertical seismic reflection image using a novel acquisition technique across the Vrancea Zone and Foscani Basin, south-eastern Carpathians (Romania)     

I. Panea  R. Stephenson  C. Knapp  V. Mocanu  G. Drijkoningen  L. Matenco  J. Knapp  K. Prodehl 《Tectonophysics》2005,410(1-4):293-309

The DACIA PLAN (Danube and Carpathian Integrated Action on Process in the Lithosphere and Neotectonics) deep seismic sounding survey was performed in August–September 2001 in south-eastern Romania, at the same time as the regional deep refraction seismic survey VRANCEA 2001. The main goal of the experiment was to obtain new information on the deep structure of the external Carpathians nappes and the architecture of Tertiary/Quaternary basins developed within and adjacent to the seismically-active Vrancea zone, including the Focsani Basin. The seismic reflection line had a WNW–ESE orientation, running from internal East Carpathians units, across the mountainous south-eastern Carpathians, and the foreland Focsani Basin towards the Danube Delta. There were 131 shot points along the profile, with about 1 km spacing, and data were recorded with stand-alone RefTek-125s (also known as “Texans”), supplied by the University Texas at El Paso and the PASSCAL Institute. The entire line was recorded in three deployments, using about 340 receivers in the first deployment and 640 receivers in each of the other two deployments. The resulting deep seismic reflection stacks, processed to 20 s along the entire profile and to 10 s in the eastern Focsani Basin, are presented here. The regional architecture of the latter, interpreted in the context of abundant independent constraint from exploration seismic and subsurface data, is well imaged. Image quality within and beneath the thrust belt is of much poorer quality. Nevertheless, there is good evidence to suggest that a thick (10 km) sedimentary basin having the structure of a graben and of indeterminate age underlies the westernmost part of the Focsani Basin, in the depth range 10–25 km. Most of the crustal depth seismicity observed in the Vrancea zone (as opposed to the more intense upper mantle seismicity) appears to be associated with this sedimentary basin. The sedimentary successions within this basin and other horizons visible further to the west, beneath the Carpathian nappes, suggest that the geometry of the Neogene and recent uplift observed in the Vrancea zone, likely coupled with contemporaneous rapid subsidence in the foreland, is detached from deeper levels of the crust at about 10 km depth. The Moho lies at a depth of about 40 km along the profile, its poor expression in the reflection stack being strengthened by independent estimates from the refraction data. Given the apparent thickness of the (meta)sedimentary supracrustal units, the crystalline crust beneath this area is quite thin (< 20 km) supporting the hypothesis that there may have been delamination of (lower) continental crust in this area involved in the evolution of the seismic Vrancea zone.  相似文献   

珠江口盆地白云凹陷新生代构造演化动力学   总被引：42，自引：0，他引：42  

孙珍 庞雄钟志洪  周蒂陈长民  郝沪军何敏黄春菊  许鹤华 《地学前缘》2005,12(4):489-498

白云凹陷构造演化史的研究对在白云凹陷开展油气勘探和深水沉积研究具有重要的意义。通过对断裂与沉积结构平面和剖面特点的分析,结合岩浆活动特点,文中提出白云凹陷是一个复式地堑,推测这种结构特点与凹陷下地壳的强烈韧性减薄和颈缩变形有关,表现为热岩石圈的伸展。其发育机制推测与白云凹陷位于构造转换带上有关,特殊的构造位置使白云凹陷成为强烈构造变形区,岩石圈地壳强烈减薄,伴随伸展过程和地幔上涌,脆性地壳或上地幔中部分熔融物质的出现导致岩石圈强度的急剧降低,在区域伸展应力场下以韧性流变方式减薄。岩浆在构造转换带下聚集并发育主岩浆房,由于白云凹陷南北边缘没有发育正断裂系统,岩浆主要沿垂直伸展的方向运移,因此在珠琼运动一幕和二幕南南东向伸展应力作用下,岩浆向白云凹陷的东部和西部运移至北西向基底深大断裂处,那里由于北西向断裂表现为左行张剪性质而成为压力较低的地区,从而成为岩浆上涌和侵位的地方。在岩浆聚集的地区,活动岩浆体附近的脆性变形被分散的韧性变形所取代,因此在凹陷的东北和西南两个角上,发育了张性和张剪性小断裂群,由于热岩石圈弹性较差,白云凹陷长期持续沉降。白云凹陷的断裂活动和沉积演化史还受到南海海盆扩张活动的影响。  相似文献   

华北地块东部晚中生代至新生代岩石圈不均一减薄与改造模式     

闫峻  陈江峰 《地质论评》2005,51(1):16-26

本文综合运用不同时代幔源包体平衡温压对比、玄武岩地球化学性质对岩石圈厚度的反演以及不同时代岩石圈地幔地球化学性质的对比的方法，把华北地块东部岩石圈的减薄时间限定在晚中生代至新生代之间。减薄的机制可能是华北东部地区晚白垩世以来大陆岩石圈的拉张作用。由于机械性拉薄和热、机械和化学侵蚀作用，岩石圈厚度最终减薄到70km以下。但古老的岩石圈地幔并没有完全因减薄而消失，残留部分受到了来自软流圈物质的强烈改造，使其Sr、Nd同位素组成类似于软流圈，但Os同位素没有受到明显的改变。改造后的岩石圈地幔成为华北地块东部新生代岩石圈地幔的主体。在时空上，岩石圈的减薄具有不均一的性质。  相似文献   

玄武岩浆起源和演化的一些基本概念以及对中国东部中-新生代基性火山岩成因的新思路   总被引：44，自引：3，他引：44  

牛耀龄 《高校地质学报》2005,11(1):9-46

以全球大地构造为背景讨论了玄武岩浆起源和演化的一些基本概念.这些概念的正确理解有助于合理解释各种环境中火成岩的形成机制,也有助于依据野外岩石组合来判别古构造环境.在此基础上结合已有资料和观察,对中国东部中生代岩石圈减薄及中-新生代基性火山岩成因提出了一些新解释.这些解释与地质观察相吻合,且符合基本的物理学原理.虽然中国东部基性火山活动可称为"板内"火山活动,但它实际上是板块构造的特殊产物.中国东部中生代岩石圈减薄是其下部被改造为软流层的缘故.这种改造是加水"软化"所致.水则源于中国东部地幔过渡带(410～660 km)内古太平洋(或其前身)俯冲板块脱水作用.其将岩石圈底部改造为软流层的过程,实际上就是岩石圈减薄的过程.因为软流层是地幔对流的重要部分,而大陆岩石圈则不直接参与地幔对流.中生代玄武岩具有εNd＜0的特征,说明其源于新近改造而成的软流层,亦即原古老岩石圈之底部.中国大陆北北东-南南西向的海拔梯度突变界线与东-西部重力异常,陆壳厚度变化,以及地幔地震波速变化梯度吻合.因此可将北北东-南南西向梯度线称为"东-西梯度界".该界东-西海拔高差(西部高原与东部丘陵平原),陆壳厚度差异(西部厚而东部薄)和100～150 km的深度范围地幔地震波速差异(西部快而东部慢),均受控于上地幔重力均衡原理.这表明西部高原岩石圈厚度＞150～200 km,而东部丘陵平原岩石圈厚度＜80km."遥远"的西太平洋俯冲带具有自然的地幔楔吸引作用.此吸引作用可引起中国东部"新生"软流层东流.软流层东流必将引起西部高原底部软流层的东向补给(流动).这一过程必然导致东移软流层的减压,即从西部的深源(岩石圈深度＞150～200 km处)到东部的浅源(岩石圈深度～80km处).东移软流层的减压分熔可合理解释具有软流圈地球化学特征(εNd＞0)的新生代中国东部基性火山活动及玄武岩的成因.这些对中国东部中-新生代地质过程的解释,将为更加细致的,以岩石学和地球化学为主的讨论所验证.  相似文献   

PRESSURE GRADIENT FROM THE CONTRIBUTION OF BOTH GEOTHERMAL AND GRAVITY IN THE LITHOSPHERE     

HU Baoqun LU Guxian WANG Fangzhang SUN Zhanxue LIU Chengdong BAI Lihong 《大地构造与成矿学(英文版)》2005,29(2):128-138

1 Introduction The pressure, a scalar quantity, is defined as P = F/S (F is force, S is the area for F) which can be widely used for both solid and fluid. The formula P = g ρh (g-gravitation acceleration,ρ-density, h-depth) is only used for even density static solid and fluid. The delivery of pressure in the fluid follows the law of Pascal, and the average pressure of uneven density fluid can be calculated with the formula of P = g ρh. The temperature influence on pressure is notHU Ba…  相似文献   

平原地区机载激光雷达数据的抽稀算法分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨明军  苏春梅  康冰锋  张珣  曹殿才 《测绘通报》2019,(1):101-107

目前，机载激光雷达点云数据在测绘行业中的应用还存在较多的瓶颈。为了使机载激光雷达点云数据更好地服务等值线等数据的生产，发挥其高效和高精度的优势，本文归纳、总结了国内外现有的LiDAR点云数据抽稀算法，并通过对比分析现有LiDAR点云数据抽稀算法存在的优缺点，如系统抽稀、格网抽稀、TIN抽稀和坡度抽稀等算法，结合平原地区激光点云在实际生产中的应用，研究了更适合平原地区点云数据的抽稀方法，通过大量的数据测试和试生产。结果表明，该方法可以在应用项目精度约束下保证数据质量，减少了后期数据处理应用的难度，提升了后续成果数据的质量，提高了作业生产效率，对机载激光雷达点云数据在测绘行业中的应用推广具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献