Generation of hazard-consistent fragility curves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Howard H.M. Hwang  Jun-Rong Huo 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1994,13(5)

This paper presents an analytical method for generating fragility curves of structures. In the proposed method, seismic sources, path attenuation, local soil conditions, and nonlinear building behavior are systematically considered. The uncertainties in the earthquake-site-structure system are quantified by considering the uncertainties in the seismic, site, and structural parameters that define the system. For an illustration, the proposed method is used to generate fragility curves and a damge probability matrix for Smith Hall on the main campus of The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee.  相似文献   

非发震断层的地震效应问题   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

石玉成  陈丙午 《地震工程学报》1994,16(1):12-20

本文采用二维动态有限元分析的方法，排除了影响宏观震害的其它因素，建立非发震断层的场地地震反应分析模型。计算中较全面地考虑了断层破碎带的尺度及带内岩土物理力学性能、断面产状、断层错距、覆盖层厚度、基岩起伏、输入波动力特性等一系列因素对地面峰值加速度及相对加速度反应谱的影响，并结合有关宏观震害资料从不同的角度对这些问题进行了初步的分析和探讨，认为非发震断层所表现出来的实际地震效应具有很大的随机性，其随机程度受控于断层自身要素的组合型式及各种外部条件。  相似文献   

Geographical Dimensions of Environmental Restructuring in New Zealand*     

Chris Cocklin  Owen J. Furuseth 《The Professional geographer》1994,46(4):459-467

During the 1980s, New Zealand underwent a period of dramatic economic, social, and administrative restructuring. The reform extended to the administrative arrangements for environmental management. A geographic restructuring model is used in this paper to establish the context in which the reforms were carried out. A combination of economic, environmental, and social influences operating at different geographic scales can be identified. These influences are subsequently illustrated through reference to three aspects of the restructuring that have distinct geographical dimensions: the definition of human-environment relations, the spatial definition of planning regions, and the implications of spatial differentiation for resource management policy and practice.  相似文献   

The catastrophic cyclone of April 1991: Its Impact on the economy of Bangladesh   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Gazi Md. Khalil 《Natural Hazards》1993,8(3):263-281

A very severe cyclonic storm with wind speeds of over 240 km/h struck the coastal areas of Bangladesh in the full moon night of 29 April 1991. The path of the eye, close to the shore, raised a storm surge of unusual height, reportedly more than 9 m above the mean sea level, which devastated the offshore islands and the mainland coast. The damage to the physical infrastructure of the port of Chittagong and adjoining industrial area has been colossal, and recovery will take years. Death tolls from the cyclone, storm surge and its aftermath exceeded 145 000 making it one of the world's major natural disasters of this century.This paper is concerned with examining the magnitude and intensity of the disaster. It analyses how the people of Bangladesh, and the environment in which they live, were affected by the cyclone. A brief account is presented of loss of life and of the damage suffered in various sectors, including agriculture, industry, and physical infrastructure.The paper lays emphasis on the need of building a sufficient number of multipurpose cyclone shelters in the disaster-prone coastal areas of Bangladesh. Adequate measures should be taken for evacuating people from vulnerable areas and putting them into these shelters in the event of a cyclonic storm. Simplification of the current cyclone warning system is recommended.The difficulties of providing relief to the survivors are discussed. And finally, the need for improvement of the communication infrastructure in the coastal areas is highlighted.  相似文献   

重力异常匹配滤波法的原理和应用     

董焕成  李宗杰 《物探与化探》1993,17(5):331-340

匹配滤波法在磁测资料的数据处理中已广泛采用,并收到了较好的分离异常效果。但是,重力测量资料的匹配滤波处理还很少有人研究和使用。本文从理论上及实践步骤上做了详细推导与论证,为了验证从实际重力资料中分离出区域场和局部场的实用价值,文中总结了一些模型试验结果和一些实例的试算结果。  相似文献   

基于小波系数分割的局部自适应阈值图像去噪     

李亚丽  张松林  韩杰 《测绘通报》2020,(5):43

针对自适应小波阈值去噪中方形局部窗口不能很好地适应小波系数自身边缘特征的问题，本文提出了一种基于图像分割的局部自适应小波阈值去噪方法。该方法首先对图像进行多尺度小波分解，其次利用图像分割技术对图像的各尺度小波系数分别进行分割，分割技术选用SLIC超像素分割法得到具有相似统计特性的不规则局部块，然后对每个分割块内的小波系数进行BayesShrink阈值估计和软阈值收缩，最后通过小波逆变换得到去噪图像，并在3幅标准测试图像和一幅高光谱影像上进行试验。试验结果表明，本文提出的方法能更好地适应小波系数自身的边缘特征，不仅能够获得更好的视觉效果，而且能够达到较高水平的数值指标。  相似文献   

融合主成分分析和局部邻域的平面点云去噪     

陈建华 《测绘通报》2020,(5):47

大型水工建筑物和城市地下轨道是国家的重要基础设施，人工变形监测耗时费力，利用激光雷达扫描对其进行自动化的变形监测已成为研究热点。而此类建筑物具有较多的平面结构特征，为了高效去除平面结构扫描点云中的噪声点，本文提出了一种融合主成分分析和局部邻域的噪声剔除方法，首先利用主成分分析剔除全局噪声，然后利用局部邻域对局部小噪声进行剔除，结合实例对该方法进行了验证。应用结果表明，该方法效率高、算法简单可行，具有较高的推广应用价值。  相似文献   

Paleomagnetic study on the Early Triassic red beds from Jiaocheng,Shanxi Province     

Ruiping?ShiEmail author  Baochun?Huang  Rixiang?Zhu  Shoumai?Ren 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(2):108-114

Paleomagnetic and rock magnetic study has been conducted on the Early Triassic red beds of Liujiagou Formation from Jiaocheng, Shanxi Province. Hematite was shown as the main magnetic mineral. After eradicating an initial viscous component at room temperature to ~100°C–200°C, thermal demagnetization shows that most samples contain two remanence components, intermediate-temperature remanence component at 250°C–500°C and high-temperature component at 500°C–680°C. The intermediate-temperature component has a negative fold test at the 95% confidence level. And the pole position of the intermediate-temperature component in geographic coordinates is correlated with the Middle Jurassic reference pole of the North China Block (NCB) within the 95% confidence, suggesting that it might be a remagnetization component acquired during the Yanshanian period. The high-temperature component contains both reversal and normal polarities with positive fold test and C-level positive reversal test at the 95% confidence level, which suggests that this high-temperature component can be regarded as primary magnetization. Comparison of this newly obtained Early Triassic paleopole with the coeval mean pole of the Ordos Basin suggests that a locally relative rotation may have happened between the Ordos and the Jiaocheng area of Shanxi Province. This rotation may be related with two faults: one is Lishi big fault separating Ordos from Shanxi and the other is Jiaocheng big fault, which is situated in the southeast of sampling locality and was still in motion during the Cenozoic.  相似文献   

Estimates of coda Q attenuation in the João Câmara area (Northeastern Brazil)     

André Pereira Dias  Jorge Luis de Souza 《Journal of Seismology》2004,8(2):235-246

S coda wave of seventy-four local earthquakes recorded in a network of ten seismic stations were used to calculate coda Q attenuation (Q_c) in the João Câmara area (northeastern Brazil). The estimates show Q_c as a strong function of frequency in the range from 6.0 to 20.0 Hz. We found out that Q_c in João Câmara has a functional form given by Q_c= Q₀ f, where Q₀= 151 ± 99 and = 0.98 ± 0.05. If the standard deviations are taken into account,we conclude that there are no relevant changes in both Q₀ and values from one station to another. The estimated Q₀ values at the different stations suggest that the Samambaia fault is a boundary between two different seismic attenuation zones. In one side of the fault (left), where stations were installed in Pre-Cambrian terrain and thick sedimentary layer, the seismic attenuation is stronger than in the other side (stations installed in thin sedimentary layer and limestone outcrop).The anomalous Q₀ values in the left side of the Samambaia fault can be explained due to the presence of a shallow conductive layer in the upper crust( 10 km), such as proposed by Padilha et al. (1992). According to our results, if there is a conductive layer in the area, it probably spreads over João Câmara city and surrounding regions.However, more detailed investigation either with seismic methods (seismic attenuation,3D tomography with P and/or S wave velocities) or with other geophysical methods is needed to interpret the observed differences in Q₀ values between the two sides of the Samambaia fault.  相似文献   

论全球化与地区发展之间的辩证关系--被动嵌入   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

刘卫东 《世界地理研究》2003,12(1):1-9

全球化是当今世界发展的重要趋势之一。地理学家基本上都承认这种趋势正在对地区发展产生深刻的影响,但对具体影响还缺少比较一致的看法。在过去的10多年中,国外经济地理学者主要借用社会经济学的思想和概念来为全球化下地区的作用来辩护。本文继承了这种学术思路,利用“嵌入”的思想建立了“被动嵌入”模型,来反映外资与地方制度环境之间的相互作用关系。“被动嵌入”模型表明,全球化是依赖于地方制度环境的一个过程,离开地区谈全球化是一种“理想主义”。另一方面,地区如何在全球化浪潮中获得益处取决于自身的知识创新与制度创新。  相似文献