Improving the accuracy of tipping-bucket rain records using disaggregation techniques   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Molini  L.G. Lanza  P. La Barbera 《Atmospheric Research》2005,77(1-4):203

We present a methodology able to infer the influence of rainfall measurement errors on the reliability of extreme rainfall statistics. We especially focus on systematic mechanical errors affecting the most popular rain intensity measurement instrument, namely the tipping-bucket rain-gauge (TBR). Such uncertainty strongly depends on the measured rainfall intensity (RI) with systematic underestimation of high RIs, leading to a biased estimation of extreme rain rates statistics. Furthermore, since intense rain-rates are usually recorded over short intervals in time, any possible correction strongly depends on the time resolution of the recorded data sets. We propose a simple procedure for the correction of low resolution data series after disaggregation at a suitable scale, so that the assessment of the influence of systematic errors on rainfall statistics become possible. The disaggregation procedure is applied to a 40-year long rain-depth dataset recorded at hourly resolution by using the IRP (Iterated Random Pulse) algorithm. A set of extreme statistics, commonly used in urban hydrology practice, have been extracted from simulated data and compared with the ones obtained after direct correction of a 12-year high resolution (1 min) RI series. In particular, the depth–duration–frequency curves derived from the original and corrected data sets have been compared in order to quantify the impact of non-corrected rain intensity measurements on design rainfall and the related statistical parameters. Preliminary results suggest that the IRP model, due to its skill in reproducing extreme rainfall intensities at fine resolution in time, is well suited in supporting rainfall intensity correction techniques.  相似文献   

X-ray imagery and physical core logging as a proxy of the content of sediment cores in cold-water coral mound provinces: a case study from Porcupine Seabight,SW of Ireland     

A. Foubert  D. Van Rooij  D. Blamart  J.-P. Henriet 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(1):141-158

Three provinces, characterized by the presence of carbonate mounds interpreted as cold-water coral banks have been reported in Porcupine Seabight, SW of Ireland and were recently subjected to many detailed studies. This contribution discusses the use of X-ray imagery and physical properties in deciphering palaeoceanographic, sedimentological and biological processes. Physical property core logging and X-ray imagery are used to identify and describe sedimentation regimes and so their respective palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatological settings in two mound provinces, respectively the Belgica mound province and the Magellan mound province. Both provinces show at present time clear differences in the hydrodynamic environment. This study confirms that also during the past the oceanographic and sedimentological environment of both provinces differ clearly. Impacts of glacial–interglacial variations and locally derived ice rafting events (IRE), comparable with the North Atlantic Heinrich events (HE) have been recognized in both provinces. Moreover, the combination of X-ray imagery, magnetic susceptibility, gamma density and P-wave velocity makes it possible to estimate the coral content and coral distribution in unopened cores localized on top of carbonate mounds. A comparison between on-mound and off-mound cores in both provinces allowed revealing some mechanisms of mound evolution and coral growth versus time.  相似文献   

坝基集中渗漏通道的温度场反分析与试验研究     

陈亮  吴勇  陈建生 《华东地质学院学报》2007,30(4):354-357

渗漏是严重影响堤坝安全的主要形式,确定渗漏通道的位置是进行堤坝渗漏整治的前提和基础。温度场探测堤坝渗漏的研究是其中一种较便捷的方法,但是在理论上还需要进一步完善。在库水和地下水存在着温度差异的基础上,考虑堤坝发生集中渗漏后,渗漏通道中的地下水与周围土体进行热量交换,造成渗流通道附近地层温度发生改变,建立起温度场对渗漏通道的反演模型。在前人研究的基础上,考虑地温梯度的影响,可以建立有集中渗漏通道影响下的二维热传导方程,进而以现场测井的温度数据作为边界条件,对泛定方程进行求解,最终得到渗漏通道的位置。计算结果和实测结果的对比表明,通过温度场反推渗漏通道参数的方法是可行的。  相似文献   

Crust and Upper Mantle Structure in the Caribbean Region by Group Velocity Tomography and Regionalization     

O'Leary González  Leonardo Alvarez  Mariangela Guidarelli  Giuliano F. Panza 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(10):1985-2007

An overview of the crust and upper mantle structure of Central America and the Caribbean region is presented as a result of the processing of more than 200 seismograms recorded by digital broadband stations from SSSN and GSN seismic networks. Group velocity dispersion curves are obtained in the period range from 10s to 40s by FTAN analysis of the fundamental mode of the Rayleigh waves; the error of these measurements varies from 0.06 and 0.09 km/s. From the dispersion curve, seven tomographic maps at different periods and with average spatial resolution of 500 km are obtained. Using the logical combinatorial classification techniques, eight main groups of dispersion curves are determined from the tomographic maps and eleven main regions, each one characterized by one kind of dispersion curves, are identified. The average dispersion curves obtained for each region are extended to 150s by adding data from a larger-scale tomographic study (Vdovin et al., 1999) and inverted using a nonlinear procedure. A set of models of the S-wave velocity vs. depth in the crust and upper mantle is found as a result of the inversion process. In six regions we identify a typically oceanic crust and upper mantle structure, while in the other two the models are consistent with the presence of a continental structure. Two regions, located over the major geological zones of the accretionary crust of the Caribbean region, are characterized by a peculiar crust and upper mantle structure, indicating the presence of lithospheric roots reaching, at least, about 200 km of depth.  相似文献   

A Least-squares Window Curves Method for Interpretation of Magnetic Anomalies Caused by Dipping Dikes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. M. Abdelrahman  E. R. Abo-Ezz  K. S. Soliman  T. M. El-Araby  K. S. Essa 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(5):1027-1044

We have developed a least-squares method to determine simultaneously the depth and the width of a buried thick dipping dike from residualized magnetic data using filters of successive window lengths. The method involves using a relationship between the depth and the half-width of the source and a combination of windowed observations. The relationship represents a family of curves (window curves). For a fixed window length, the depth is determined for each half-width value by solving one nonlinear equation of the form f (z) = 0 using the least-squares method. The computed depths are plotted against the width values representing a continuous curve. The solution for the depth and the width of the buried dike is read at the common intersection of the window curves. The method involves using a dike model convolved with the same moving average filter as applied to the observed data. As a result, this method can be applied to residuals as well as to measured magnetic data. Procedures are also formulated to estimate the amplitude coefficient and the index parameter. The method is applied to theoretical data with and without random errors. The validity of the method is tested on airborne magnetic data from Canada and on a vertical component magnetic anomaly from Turkey. In all cases examined, the model parameters obtained are in good agreement with the actual ones and with those given in the published literature.  相似文献   

BP神经网络识别塔北低阻油气层   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

贺铎华 《物探与化探》2002,26(2):122-125

简要介绍了塔北低阻油气层岩性剖面、低阻油气层地球物理测井曲线特征,分析了塔北地区低阻油气储层成因,重点论述BP人工神经网络识别油气层、油水同层、水层和干层的方法原理。识别实例表明,BP人工神经网络识别低阻油(气)、水层的结果与实际相符,明显地提高了测井的解释精度。  相似文献   

水平荷载作用下单桩非线性m法试验研究   总被引：13，自引：5，他引：13  

王梅  楼志刚  李建乡  赵京 《岩土力学》2002,23(1):23-26

通过对大量模型试验结果的分析，提出了简便合理的水平荷载作用下单桩的计算方法。该方法将常用m法中单一m值与位移建立指数关系，并由bm有k两参数来描述。将这一关系引和常用单桩m法计算中，则计算结果可考虑单桩非线性响应影响。  相似文献   

广州单站要素及特征曲线显示系统简介     

冯业荣 《广东气象》2001,(1):13-15

单站气象要素剖面图是日常预报业务中经常使用的工具之一。计算机绘制剖面图可做到快捷、美观和自动化，且能克服纸质剖面图存储中的诸多弊端，适宜长期保存。广州市单站要素及特征曲线显示系统除把纸绘剖面图的内容搬到屏幕外，还增加了一些物理量。系统可实时显示广州五山站、四个县级市、清远探空站、衡山站的基本资料，显示气压、温度、湿度等观测要素或清运探空站物理量的时间演变曲线。系统用VB5.0编写，目前已在业务上使用，成为广州市短期预报的一个参考工具。  相似文献   

P.S测井技术的工程应用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

刘康和 《华北地震科学》2001,19(1):18-22

P．S测井技术是地震勘探方法之一，也是一种简便、快速、准确的原位测试技术。通过P．S测井可测定岩土体的弹性波速（Vp、Vs)，为工程设计提供所需的动弹性力学参数、划分建筑物场地类别、评价地震效应、进行场地地震反应分析和地震破坏潜势分析等。文中简述了P．S测井技术的工作原理、现场实测技术以及数据处理和资料分析过程。最后结合两个实例说明了P．S测井技术在岩土工程勘察过程中的应用及其效果。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地第四纪古气候变化在物理测井自然伽玛曲线上的记录   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7  

陈晔  袁林旺  周春林  刘泽纯 《古地理学报》2001,3(2):29-37

利用物理测井曲线分析古气候变化，是近年发展起来的新领域。本文在对取芯井涩中6井多种气候指标分析的基础上，建立了涩中6井GR曲线古气候反演模式，将该模式引进到盆地东部唯一贯穿第四纪的钻孔---达参1井，利用该井高分辨率自然伽玛曲线建立了盆地东部地区2.85Ma以来的时间标尺，据此讨论盆地东部地区2.85Ma以来的古气候变化，表明盆地气候变化在大阶段上明显受到天文轨道周期的控制，但也具有明显的区域性特征。此外还与盆地西部大浪滩ZK-336孔进行了对比。表明柴达木盆地同时包含了高原隆升与全球性气候变化的信息，是古环境变迁的良好的信息载体。也证明了自然伽玛曲线是反映内陆干旱盆地气候与环境变化良好的代用指标。  相似文献