Influences of axial load on the lateral response of single pile with integral equation method     

Fayun Liang  Haibing Chen  Shengli Chen 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2012,36(16):1831-1845

This article revisits the influences of axial load on the lateral response of single pile with integral equation method. The problem is formulated by decomposing the pile soil system into an extended elastic soil and a fictitious pile, the former of which is analyzed by making use of the fundamental Mindlin's solution for a concentrated horizontal load whereas the latter is modeled by the conventional beam bending theory. According to the rotation compatibility condition between the fictitious pile and the extended soil, a Fredholm integral equation of the second kind is established with the shear strain and rotation angle of the fictitious pile being the basic unknowns. The bending moment and displacement distribution along the pile are subsequently obtained. Comparison with existing solutions validates the accuracy and applicability of the present formulation. The results of parametric analysis indicate that the influences of axial load on the lateral response of single piles could be significant, and in general, the bending moment and horizontal displacement distributions along the pile increase considerably with the increase of axial load. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Conceptualizing leakage and storage contributions from long open interval wells in regional deep basin flow models     

Devin H. Mannix  Daniel B. Abrams  Daniel R. Hadley  George S. Roadcap 《水文研究》2019,33(2):271-282

Deep basin aquifers are increasingly used in water‐stressed areas, though their potential for sustainable development is inhibited by overlying aquitards and limited recharge rates. Long open interval wells (LOIWs)—wells uncased through multiple hydrostratigraphic units—are present in many confined aquifer systems and can be an important mechanism for deep basin aquifers to receive flow across aquitards. LOIWs are a major control on flow in the deep Cambrian–Ordovician sandstone aquifers of the upper Midwest, USA, providing a source of artificial leakage from shallow bedrock aquifers and equilibrating head within the sandstone aquifers despite differential pumpage. Conceptualizing and quantifying this anthropogenic flow has long been a challenge for groundwater flow modellers, particularly on a regional scale. Synoptic measurements of active production wells and well completion data for northeast Illinois form the basis for a transient, head‐specified MODFLOW model that determines mass balance contributions to the region and estimates LOIW leakage to the aquifers. Using this insight, transient LOIW leakage was simulated using transiently changing K_V zones in a traditional, Q‐specified MODFLOW‐USG model, a novel approach that allows the K_V in a cell containing a LOIW to change transiently by use of the time‐variant materials (TVM) package. With this modification, we achieved a consistent calibration through time, averaging 19.9 m root mean squared error. This model indicates that artificial leakage via LOIWs contributed a minimum of 10–13% of total flow to the sandstone aquifers through the entire history of pumping, up to 50% of flow around 1930. Removal from storage exceeds 40% of flow during peak withdrawals, much of this flow sourced from units other than the primary sandstone aquifers via LOIWs. As such, understanding the timing and magnitude of LOIW leakage is essential for predicting future water availability in deep basin aquifers.  相似文献   

Increasing water losses from snow captured in the canopy of boreal forests: A case study using a 30 year data set          下载免费PDF全文

Nataliia Kozii  Hjalmar Laudon  Mikaell Ottosson‐Löfvenius  Niles J. Hasselquist 《水文研究》2017,31(20):3558-3567

Water losses from snow intercepted by forest canopy can significantly influence the hydrological cycle in seasonally snow‐covered regions, yet how snow interception losses (SIL) are influenced by a changing climate are poorly understood. In this study, we used a unique 30 year record (1986–2015) of snow accumulation and snow water equivalent measurements in a mature mixed coniferous (Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris ) forest stand and an adjacent open area to assess how changes in weather conditions influence SIL. Given little change in canopy cover during this study, the 20% increase in SIL was likely the result of changes in winter weather conditions. However, there was no significant change in average wintertime precipitation and temperature during the study period. Instead, mean monthly temperature values increased during the early winter months (i.e., November and December), whereas there was a significant decrease in precipitation in March. We also assessed how daily variation in meteorological variables influenced SIL and found that about 50% of the variation in SIL was correlated to the amount of precipitation that occurred when temperatures were lower than ?3 °C and to the proportion of days with mean daily temperatures higher than +0.4 °C. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of understanding the appropriate time scale and thresholds in which weather conditions influence SIL in order to better predict how projected climate change will influence snow accumulation and hydrology in boreal forests in the future.  相似文献   

航空矢量重力测量水平分量向下延拓的输入输出法     

周波阳  崔家武  张兴福 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(9):903-907

研究航空矢量重力水平分量向下延拓的输入输出法，并以EGM2008计算的东向分量为例进行仿真实验，在不同的噪声水平下对比分析单输入单输出法和双输入单输出法的向下延拓效果。实验结果表明，当东向分量的精度为1.5 mGal时，单输入单输出法和双输入单输出法均能实现稳定向下延拓；当东向分量的精度为6 mGal时，单输入单输出法的延拓效果不可靠，而双输入单输出法能实现稳定向下延拓。  相似文献   

Absolute pollen productivity and pollen–vegetation relationships in northern Finland     

Shinya Sugita  Sheila Hicks  Henna Sormunen 《第四纪科学杂志》2010,25(5):724-736

Pollen productivity is one of the most critical parameters for pollen–vegetation relationships, and thus for vegetation reconstruction, in either pollen percentages or pollen accumulation rates. We obtain absolute pollen productivity of three major tree types in northern Finland: pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula pubescens ssp. pubescens and B. pubescens ssp. czerepanovii treated as one taxon). Long‐term monitoring records of pollen traps from 15 sites (duration: 5–23 years) and tree volume estimates within a 14 km radius of each trap were compared to estimate pollen productivity (grains m^?3 a^?1) of these trees using a regression method. The slope of the linear relationship between pollen loading and distance‐weighted plant abundance represents pollen productivity. Estimated productivities of pollen (×10⁸ grains m^?3 a^?1) for pine, spruce and birch are 128.7 (SE 31.5), 341.9 (SE 81.3) and 411.4 (SE 307.7), respectively. The birch estimate (P > 0.05) is not as good as the others and should be used with caution. Pollen productivities of pine, spruce and birch in northern Finland are, in general, comparable to those of congeneric species in other regions of Europe and Japan. Although the year‐to‐year variations are significant, our volume‐based estimates of pollen productivity for pine and spruce will be essential for quantitative reconstruction of vegetation in the region. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于单水声信标距离量测的匹配定位方法     

邵祺  常帅  付晓梅 《海洋通报》2019,38(1):53-62

水声通信和测距能力是实现水下航行器准确定位的重要技术手段。当前基于水声定位的方法主要有利用测距和测向功能的水声定位技术以及水声测距辅助导航技术，二者的系统物理复杂度都比较高。本文提出了一种基于单水声信标距离量测的匹配定位方法，航行器在水声信标测距覆盖范围内，利用航行过程中多次测距信息构建测距圆序列形成位置约束，基于航位推算导航信息，将航行器在连续测距时间段内的相对航迹在圆序列上进行最优匹配，从而获得位置估计，通过对测距误差进行补偿可进一步提升定位精度。本方法所需物理系统结构复杂度低、可操作性强，仿真实验表明，该方法可以独立实现较高精度的定位。  相似文献   

长序列北极海冰覆盖数据集对比分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

武胜利  刘健 《海洋学报》2018,40(11):64-72

国家卫星气象中心使用2011年至今的风云三号卫星数据开发了一套基于Nasa Team2（NT2）算法的北极海冰密集度数据集，并可实时业务更新。将该数据集与其他国家不同机构业务运行并实时更新多种同类型数据集进行横向对比分析，其中包括:（1）美国冰雪中心基于Nasa Team（NT）算法以及SSM/I、SSMIS数据制作的1978年至今25 km分辨率全球极区海冰覆盖数据集；（2）美国冰雪中心基于Boot Strap（BS）算法以及SSM/I、SSMIS数据制作的1978年至今25 km分辨率全球极区海冰覆盖数据集；（3）美国NOAA基于多种卫星资料、地面观测数据以及海冰模型制作的2004年至今4 km分辨率北半球海冰覆盖数据集（IMS）。对比表明，上述数据集在北极地区不同的时空范围内存在一定的偏差。以分辨率较高的IMS数据集为基准，对其他3种长序列数据集进行初步评价，总体最大偏差超过100×104 km2，其中，NT2数据集过估较明显。经过与IMS数据集多年各月监测最大值的对比订正，NT2数据集过估情况得到改善。在此基础上的分析结果表明，NT、BS、NT2等3种数据集与IMS数据集相比，过估区域主要分布在海岸线附近，夏季过估比冬季更加明显，少估区域与算法、月份相关性明显，夏季少估面积也较冬季更大。NT、BS、NT2等3种数据集之中，NT2数据集与IMS数据集偏差最小，NT数据集次之，BS数据集与IMS数据集偏差最大。结果表明使用风云三号卫星数据的北极海冰覆盖数据集精度与国外3种同类型数据集相当。  相似文献   

南、北极海洋不同种类细菌分离株中DMSP-依赖型脱甲基酶基因dmdA的系统发育多样性     

曾胤新 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(8):64-71

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP) is mainly produced by marine phytoplankton as an osmolyte, antioxidant,predator deterrent, or cryoprotectant. DMSP is also an important carbon and sulfur source for marine bacteria.Bacteria may metabolize DMSP via the demethylation pathway involving the DMSP demethylase gene(dmdA) or the cleavage pathway involving several different DMSP lyase genes. Most DMSP released into seawater is degraded by bacteria via demethylation. To test a hypothesis that the high gene frequency of dmdA among major marine taxa results in part from horizontal gene transfer(HGT) events, a total of thirty-one bacterial strains were isolated from Arctic Kongsfjorden seawater in this study. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that,except for strains BSw22118, BSw22131 and BSw22132 belonging to the genera Colwellia, Pseudomonas and Glaciecola, respectively, all bacteria fell into the genus Pseudoalteromonas. DmdA genes were detected in five distantly related bacterial strains, including four Arctic strains(Pseudoalteromonas sp. BSw22112, Colwellia sp.BSw22118, Pseudomonas sp. BSw22131 and Glaciecola sp. BSw22132) and one Antarctic strain(Roseicitreum antarcticum ZS2–28). Their dmdA genes showed significant similarities(97.7%–98.3%) to that of Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS–3, which was originally isolated from temperate coastal seawater. In addition, the sequence of the gene transfer agent(GTA) capsid protein gene(g5) detected in Antarctic strain ZS2–28 exhibited a genetically closely related to that of Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS–3. Among the five tested strains, only Pseudomonas sp. BSw22131 could grow using DMSP as the sole carbon source. The results of this study support the hypothesis of HGT for dmdA among taxonomically heterogeneous bacterioplankton, and suggest a wide distribution of functional gene(i.e., dmdA) in global marine environments.  相似文献   

通过改进自适应PSO优化BP网络预测大坝变形     

刘忠豹 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(5):528-532

提出自适应粒子群神经网络（ADPPSO-BP）算法，并加入自适应变异算子，提高粒子跳出局部搜索的能力，实现对坝体位移的精准预测。以丰满大坝为例进行验证，建立PSO-BP（粒子群神经网络）、LPSO-BP（线性粒子群神经网络）、改进ADPPSO-BP（改进自适应粒子群神经网络）3种模型，对大坝进行变形预测。结果表明，ADPPSO-BP预测误差最小。  相似文献   

基于大规模手机位置数据的城市潜在自行车出行需求评估     

周亚娟  赵志远  吴升  方志祥  陈佐旗 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(6):1282-1293

潜在自行车出行是指可能会使用自行车作为交通工具的出行,评估潜在自行车出行需求能够帮助指导城市自行车资源配置方案的优化。大规模手机位置数据蕴含丰富的人群移动信息,而且具有大样本、低成本的特点,能够用于评估城市潜在自行车出行需求。本文结合自行车出行的时间和距离特征,提出一种基于大规模手机位置数据的潜在自行车出行需求评估方法。该方法以单次出行为分析单元,从手机用户的轨迹中提取出具有短距离出行特征和公共交通接驳出行特征的移动轨迹段,并根据该移动轨迹段评估潜在自行车出行需求。基于该方法,利用上海市大规模手机位置数据评估上海市潜在自行车出行需求并分析其时空分布特征,发现在空间上,潜在自行车短距离出行需求主要分布在城市中心和郊区的商业中心,而公共交通接驳的自行车需求主要分布在郊区。在时间上,上午,自行车出行需求从非中心城区向中心城区聚拢;晚上,上海市自行车出行骑车与停车需求从中心城区向非中心城区扩散。  相似文献