山岭重丘区高速(高等级)公路建设的可持续发展观     

陈国照 《地质灾害与环境保护》2004,15(4):43-45

随着经济的发展和社会的不断进步,人类赖以生存的资源和环境越来越受到人们的普遍关注。公路建设必然消耗资源、影响环境,尤其是在山岭重丘区修建高速(高等级)公路,由于其高差大、地势起伏频繁,对生态和环境的影响较为显著。文章就山岭重丘区建设高速(高等级)公路如何与可持续发展观念相协调提出了自己的看法,对某些问题进行了大胆探索,以期引起高速(高等级)公路建设决策、设计、施工各环节的重视。  相似文献   

Positive and negative terrains on northern Shaanxi Loess Plateau     

ZHOU Yi  TANG Guo'an  YANG Xin  XIAO Chenchao  ZHANG Yuan  LUO Mingliang 《地理学报》2010,20(1):64-76

The Loess positive and negative terrains (P–N terrains), which are widely distributed on the Loess Plateau, are discussed for the first time by introducing its characteristic, demarcation as well as extraction method from high-resolution Digital Elevation Models. Using 5 m-resolution DEMs as original test data, P–N terrains of 48 geomorphological units in different parts of Shaanxi Loess Plateau are extracted accurately. Then six indicators for depicting the geomorphologic landscape and spatial configuration characteristic of P–N terrains are proposed. The spatial distribution rules of these indicators and the relationship between the P–N terrains and Loess relief are discussed for further understanding of Loess landforms. Finally, with the integration of P–N terrains and traditional terrain indices, a series of un-supervised classification methods are applied to make a proper landform classification in northern Shaanxi. Results show that P–N terrains are an effect clue to reveal energy and substance distribution rules on the Loess Plateau. A continuous change of P–N terrains from south to north in Shaanxi Loess Plateau shows an obvious spatial difference of Loess landforms and the positive terrain area only accounted for 60.5% in this region. The P–N terrains participant landform classification method increases validity of the result, especially in the Loess tableland, Loess tableland-ridge and the Loess low-hill area. This research is significant on the study of Loess landforms with the Digital Terrains Analysis methods.  相似文献   

基于DEM的黄河流域天文辐射空间分布     

邱新法  曾燕  刘昌明  WU Xianfeng 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,14(1)

Based on the developed distributed model for calculating astronomical solar radiation (ASR), monthly ASR with a resolution of 1 km× 1 km for the rugged terrains of Yellow River Basin was calculated, with DEM data as the general characterization of terrain. This model gives an all-sided consideration on factors that influence the ASR. Results suggest that (1) Annual ASR has a progressive decrease trend from south to north; (2) the magnitude order of seasonal ASR is: summer＞spring＞autumn＞winter; (3) topographical factors have robust effect on the spatial distribution of ASR, particularly in winter when a lower sun elevation angle exists; (4) the ASR of slopes with a sunny exposure is generally 2 or 3 times that of slopes with a shading exposure and the extreme difference of ASR for different terrains is over 10 times in January; (5) the spatial differences of ASR are relatively small in summer when a higher sun elevation angle exists and the extremedifference of ASR for different terrains is only 16% in July; and (6) the sequence of topographical influence strength is: winter＞autumn＞spring＞summer.  相似文献   

崤山太古宙花岗—绿岩地体的地质特征     

庞振山  梁天佑  肖中军 《河南国土资源》2000,(1)

崤山太古宙花岗—绿岩地体由 15%的绿岩带 (变质表壳岩系 )和 85%的花岗质片麻岩系(变质侵入岩 )组成。呈包体产出的绿岩系分为以变火山岩为主的兰树沟岩组和以变沉积岩为主的杨寺沟岩组。花岗质片麻岩包括早期富钠的TTG质花岗岩和稍后的富钾花岗岩。晚期则有代表大陆地壳裂解的基性岩墙群侵入。文中介绍了各岩石单元的地质、地球化学特征及花岗—绿岩带的变形和变质特征 ,探讨了研究区太古宙的大陆地壳演化  相似文献   

天文辐射空间分布与尺度效应研究     

周文臻  陈楠 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(2):186-195

天文辐射是地表实际入射太阳辐射的基础背景,也是辐射计算、太阳能资源评估和农业生产潜力估算等方面的重要天文参量。本文基于分辨率为30 m的福建省数字高程模型,使用MATLAB软件提供的并行计算框架模拟了起伏地形下福建省天文辐射空间分布,定量地分析了坡度坡向对天文辐射分布的影响规律,同时探讨数字高程模型对天文辐射产生的空间尺度效应。结果表明：福建省年天文辐射量大部分处于10 000~13 000 MJ/m²,呈现东南沿海向中西部递减的分布特征;不同季节的天文辐射分布受纬度和坡度坡向的影响具有明显的差异性,呈现季节分布的不对称性;不同坡度和坡向对天文辐射的影响与福建省总体上西北高东南低地势特征相吻合,天文辐射量随坡度增大而减小,东、东南和南坡向是天文辐射分布较集中的区域,总体上呈现山脊多、山谷少、阳坡多、阴坡少的地域差异性;数字高程模型的空间尺度效应在起伏较大的福建中西部丘陵地貌表现更加明显,该区域的天文辐射对分辨率的变化更加敏感。  相似文献   

陕北黄土高原正负地形研究(英文)   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7  

周毅  汤国安  杨昕  肖晨超  张媛  罗明良 《地理学报(英文版)》2010,20(1):64-76

The Loess positive and negative terrains (P-N terrains), which are widely distributed on the Loess Plateau, are discussed for the first time by introducing its characteristic, demarcation as well as extraction method from high-resolution Digital Elevation Models. Using 5 m-resolution DEMs as original test data, P-N terrains of 48 geomorphological units in different parts of Shaanxi Loess Plateau are extracted accurately. Then six indicators for depicting the geomorphologic landscape and spatial configuration characteristic of P-N terrains are proposed. The spatial distribution rules of these indicators and the relationship between the P-N terrains and Loess relief are discussed for further understanding of Loess landforms. Finally, with the integration of P-N terrains and traditional terrain indices, a series of un-supervised classification methods are applied to make a proper landform classification in northern Shaanxi. Results show that P-N terrains are an effect clue to reveal energy and substance distribution rules on the Loess Plateau. A continuous change of P-N terrains from south to north in Shaanxi Loess Plateau shows an obvious spatial difference of Loess landforms and the positive terrain area only accounted for 60.5% in this region. The P-N terrains participant landform classification method increases validity of the result, especially in the Loess tableland, Loess tableland-ridge and the Loess low-hill area. This research is significant on the study of Loess landforms with the Digital Terrains Analysis methods.  相似文献   

贵州高原起伏地形下日照时间的时空分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

袁淑杰  缪启龙  邱新法  谷小平 《应用气象学报》2008,19(2):233-237

由于坡度、坡向和地形之间相互遮蔽等局地地形因子的影响, 实际起伏地形下的日照时间与水平面上的日照时间有一定差异。该文建立了一种基于数字高程模型 (DEM) 的起伏地形下日照时间的模拟方法, 计算了起伏地形下贵州高原100 m×100 m分辨率日照时间的时空分布。结果表明:坡度、坡向、地形遮蔽对日照时间的影响较大, 实际起伏地形下日照时间的空间分布具有明显地域特征。1月太阳高度角较低, 坡度、坡向的作用非常明显, 地形遮蔽面积较大, 日照时间的空间差异较多, 日照时间为16~142 h, 最大值约为最小值9倍; 7月太阳高度角较高, 地形遮蔽面积相对较小, 日照时间的空间差异相对较少, 日照时间为133~210 h, 最大值为最小值1.6倍, 但由于7月日照时间相对较多, 局地地形对日照时间影响仍明显。4月、10月日照时间及其变化幅度介于1月和7月之间。  相似文献   

Midale油田奥陶系白云岩储层格架与油藏特征     

蒲仁海  卿海若 《沉积学报》2004,22(2):234-243

综合三维地震、钻井、岩心和薄片资料分析了该油藏的储层展布格架、油藏构造及演化、油藏类型和控制因素等。在钻井剖面对比图上依据密度和中子测井,将白云岩储层可划分为4个小层。第1、2小层由于位于圈闭构造的较高部位因而通常含油。第3、4小层可能由于在某处与第1、2小层连通,虽然也具低幅度构造和更大的厚度及孔隙度,但多为水层;又因其容易侧向尖灭,故有可能形成地层圈闭。三维地震解释和正演模型均表明,当第1、2小层较厚时,常对应于强振幅和高频反射;当第3、4小层较厚且4个小层并存时会在原储层反射位置下方多出一个波峰同相轴,而且第3、4小层的尖灭通常伴随着该同相轴的终止。这一点有助于寻找与第3、4小层上倾尖灭有关的圈闭。Midale油藏的空间分布受局部低幅度构造和储层小层发育状况的双重控制。油藏驱动机制可能为边水和底水两种类型的结合。根据地震剖面上的地层关系和由三维地震资料所做的古构造演化图来看,油藏低幅度构造的形成与后期地层在前寒武基岩古隆起上的披覆及该隆起在后期多次不整合发生期间的重新活动有关。圈闭雏形形成于早志留到中泥盆世,最终定型于晚白垩世。区域构造演化和油气运移研究表明,有利的油气聚集带位于某些靠近油源区的古鼻隆的东北翼。  相似文献   

赣东北-皖南中元古代低级变质地层区的填图方法--构造-岩块-地层法     

邓国辉  楼法生  宋志瑞  吴新华  罗春林 《华东地质学院学报》2003,26(1):32-37

赣东北—皖南地区主体位于杨子板块与华夏(南)板坎接合部位，多期的构造成撞造山作用，使分布于其问的中元古代地居发生了不同程度的“非史密斯”化，单一的、传统的史密斯地居工作方法已不能适应该区的地质填图工作。通过对造山带等理论的具体运用，结合近年来在该区的工作实践，在构造—地层法基础上提出了造山带低级变质地居区先划分构造—岩坎，再分块建立地层层序的地质填图方法：构造—岩块—地层法。  相似文献   

Simulation of astronomical solar radiation over Yellow River Basin based on DEM     

QIU Xinfa  ZENG Yan  LIU Changming  WU Xianfeng 《地理学报》2004,14(1):63-69

Based on the developed distributed model for calculating astronomical solar radiation (ASR), monthly ASR with a resolution of 1 km×1 km for the rugged terrains of Yellow River Basin was calculated, with DEM data as the general characterization of terrain. This model gives an all-sided consideration on factors that influence the ASR. Results suggest that (1) Annual ASR has a progressive decrease trend from south to north; (2) the magnitude order of seasonal ASR is: summer>spring>autumn>winter; (3) topographical factors have robust effect on the spatial distribution of ASR, particularly in winter when a lower sun elevation angle exists; (4) the ASR of slopes with a sunny exposure is generally 2 or 3 times that of slopes with a shading exposure and the extreme difference of ASR for different terrains is over 10 times in January; (5) the spatial differences of ASR are relatively small in summer when a higher sun elevation angle exists and the extreme difference of ASR for different terrains is only 16% in July; and (6) the sequence of topographical influence strength is: winter>autumn>spring>summer.  相似文献