剪切生热与花岗岩部分熔融——关于喜马拉雅地区逆冲断层与地壳热结构的分析   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

朱元清  石耀霖 《地球物理学报》1990,33(4):408-416

本文对影响喜马拉雅逆冲断层地区热结构的三种主要热源（断层的摩擦剪切热,地壳的放射性热和上地幔的传导热）的效应进行了计算分析,在计算中考虑了岩石的流变性造成的剪应力和温度的非线性关系及岩石温度到达熔点时的熔解热.结果表明,尽管地壳的放射性热和上地幔的传导热也可能引起地壳中的部分熔融,但此时熔融将从地壳底部开始发生,这与喜马拉雅地区观测到的地质现象不符;在考虑了剪切断层带的剪切热后,熔融将从断层附近开始发生,因此得到了比较符合实际地质现象的结果.  相似文献   

The impact of bio-optical heating on the properties of the upper ocean: A sensitivity study using a 3-D circulation model for the Labrador Sea     

Yongsheng Wu  Charles C.L. Tang  Shubha Sathyendranath  Trevor Platt 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2007,54(23-26):2630

The impact of bio-optical heating on the properties of the upper Labrador Sea water was investigated by considering changes in light attenuation in water associated with the seasonal change of chlorophyll distribution. The time- and depth-dependent attenuation coefficients were obtained from remotely sensed SeaWiFS ocean-colour data. Sea-surface temperature (SST) and mixed-layer depth (MLD) were computed from a three-dimensional ocean circulation model. The model was integrated from 1999 to 2003 with 6-hourly atmospheric forcing. The changes in SST and MLD attributable to bio-optical heating were determined by comparing the model results using the observed attenuation coefficients (chlorophyll) to those using a weak and constant attenuation (clear water). The model results show that bio-optical heating is controlled mainly by chlorophyll concentration and MLD. The increase in SST is around 1 °C in most parts of the Labrador Sea and the shelves, and up to 2.7 °C in areas of shallow MLD and high chlorophyll concentrations (the Grand Banks and Northeastern Newfoundland Shelf). The increase is much higher than that found in previous studies, which was typically a fraction of a degree. Bio-optical heating also can enhance the stratification of the upper ocean and reduce the MLD by 20–50%.  相似文献   

Impact of wildfires on surface water repellency in soils of northwest Spain     

M. E. Varela  E. Benito  E. de Blas 《水文研究》2005,19(18):3649-3657

Soil water repellency (hydrophobicity) is a naturally occurring phenomenon that can be intensified by soil heating during fires. Fire‐induced water repellency, together with the loss of plant cover, is reportedly the principal source of increased surface runoff and accelerated erosion in burned soils. In this study, the surface water repellency of several soils affected by summer forest fires in northwest Spain was studied and compared with that of adjacent unburned soils. Soil water repellency was determined using the ethanol percentage test (MED). Most of the unburned soil samples exhibited water repellency that ranged from strong to very strong; only four of the unburned soil samples were non‐repellent. Water repellency in the unburned soils was significantly correlated with the organic carbon content (r = 0·64, p < 0·05). Overall, fires increased the surface water repellency in soils with previously low degrees of water repellency and caused little change in that of originally strongly hydrophobic soils. In order to examine in detail the changes in water repellency with temperature, three unburned soil samples were subjected to a controlled heating program. Water repellency increased between 25 and 220 °C, water repellency peaked between 220 and 240 °C and disappeared above 260–280 °C. Extrapolation of the results of the heating tests to field conditions suggested that the intensity of fire (temperature and time of residence) reached by most soils during fires is not too high. Based on the results, the determination of water repellency could be used as a simple test for the indirect estimation of the intensity levels reached on the soil surface during a fire. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中国造山带内生金属矿床类型、特点和成矿过程探讨   总被引：35，自引：2，他引：33  

毛景文  李晓峰  李厚民  曲晓明  张长青  薛春纪  王志良  余金杰  张作衡  丰成友  王瑞廷 《地质学报》2005,79(3):342-372

中国是造山带最为发育的国家之一,尤其是在西部地区分布广泛。本文从成矿地球动力学演化角度对中国造山带中矿床类型、特点和成矿过程进行了初步的综合研究,将造山带矿床分为碰撞造山型和俯冲造山型两种。前者进一步可分为同碰撞造山过程成矿和后碰撞造山成矿。以青藏高原为例,又将同碰撞造山过程成矿分为碰撞造山期成矿、松弛期(伸展)成矿、走滑拉分盆地成矿和剪切带扩容成矿。以西秦岭和东天山为例,剖析了后碰撞成矿特点、过程和成矿规律。在扬子克拉通西南缘发育有中国颇具特色的低温成矿域,包括广泛分布的卡林型金矿、密西西比型铅锌矿和玄武岩型铜矿,本文研究提出这些矿床形成于中生代大陆边缘造山带弧后伸展盆地。  相似文献   

Physical experiments to investigate the effects of street bottom heating and inflow turbulence on urban street-canyon flow     

Jae-Jin KIM  Jong-Jin BAIK 《大气科学进展》2005,22(2):230-237

The effects of street bottom heating and inflow turbulence on urban street-canyon flow are experimentally investigated using a circulating water channel. Three experiments are carried out for a street canyon with a street aspect ratio of 1. Results from each experiment with bottom heating or inflow turbulence are compared with those without bottom heating and appreciable inflow turbulence. It is demonstrated that street bottom heating or inflow turbulence increases the intensity of the canyon vortex. A possible explanation on how street bottom heating or inflow turbulence intensifies the canyon vortex is given from a fluid dynamical viewpoint.  相似文献   

Simultaneous measurements of the two-dimensional distribution of infrared laser intensity and temperature in a single-sided laser-heated diamond anvil cell     

Kamil M. Bulatov  Pavel V. Zinin  Yulia V. Mantrova  Aleksey A. Bykov  Maksim I. Gaponov  Alexsandr S. Machikhin  Ivan A. Troyan  Igor B. Kutuza 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2019,351(2-3):286-294

In this report, we demonstrate that combining the laser heating system in a diamond anvil cell (LH-DAC) with a tandem acoustic-optical tunable filter (LH-DAC–TAOTF) allows for the simultaneous measurement of (a) the relative infrared (IR, 1070 nm) power distribution on a specimen surface in the DAC; (b) the temperature distribution under laser heating of a specimen under high-pressure in a DAC; it also (c) provides an opportunity to control the shape of the IR laser spot on the surface of the heated specimen. The effect of the π-shaper on the shape and the position of the focus of the IR laser beam on a specimen using a TAOTF is also presented. For a 10× long-working distance objective, the smallest diameter of the IR laser was found to be around 10 μm, when the focal plane coincides with that of the imaging optical system of LH-DAC. The highest diameter of the IR laser was shown to be 20 μm when the rim of the π-shaper was set at 3 μm. It is demonstrated also that the TAOFT not only permits to measure the two-dimensional (2-D) distribution of the IR laser power, but also allows for the alignment of the laser before each heating event at different pressures.  相似文献   

郯庐断裂带中段幔源包体单矿物中的气体释放特征与成因     

马锦龙  陶明信  叶先仁  张小军 《沉积学报》2004,22(1):176-181

地幔流体对探讨地球深部地质作用意义重大。对山东境内幔源包体矿物的分步加热表明其气体的释放有一定的规律性 :随温度升高,总释气量逐渐增加,至 6 5 0～ 80 0℃出现释气峰,随后释气量逐渐降低。气体各主要组分的释放特征是 :5 0 0℃总有CH₄释气峰;随温度升高,H₂ 释放呈增加趋势,而CO₂ 呈降低趋势,反映其各自赋存状态的差异和加热过程中可能发生的相互转化作用。根据各温度段气体组成特征,单矿物的释气特征可明显分为三个阶段,它们可能代表了矿物中不同演化阶段的气体.  相似文献   

含天然气水合物沉积物分解过程的有限元模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴二林  魏厚振  颜荣涛  韦昌富 《岩土力学》2012,33(9):2811-2821

温度和压力的变化会引起含天然气水合物沉积物的分解,其过程伴随着相态转换、孔隙水压力和气压力耗散、热传导、骨架变形等过程的相互耦合作用。基于多孔介质理论建立了描述含天然气水合物沉积物分解过程的数学模型,考虑了水合物分解产生的水、气流动、水合物相变和分解动力学过程、热传导、骨架变形等过程的耦合作用。基于有限元法,建立了模拟水合物分解过程的数值模型,并编制了计算机分析程序。通过对降压法和升温法开采过程的数值模拟,揭示了在水合物分解过程中沉积物储层的变形、压力、温度等因素的变化规律。结果表明：降压法和升温法都会导致储层变形以及产生超孔隙压力,但两种方法作用效果不同;同时,水合物分解过程包含渗流及热传导作用。  相似文献   

斯堪的纳维亚臭氧亏损和地面加热   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  

周立波  邹捍  季崇萍  吴瑞欢 《气候与环境研究》2000,5(3):242-248

研究表明,冬季在北极的斯堪的纳维亚地区存在一个明显的臭氧亏损区,亏损区的中心值达-50DU.对臭氧亏损和地面加热进行相关分析后指出:斯堪的纳维亚地区的臭氧亏损和该地区地面的感热通量、潜热通量、净辐射通量以及总的热通量关系极其密切,其相关系数均在-0.87以上.由此,我们认为冬季斯堪的纳维亚地区的臭氧亏损可能是由于地面加热引发的物质抬升所造成的.  相似文献   

凝结加热条件下垂直切变基本流中的混合波不稳定研究     

安洁  张铭  齐琳琳 《热带气象学报》2013,29(4):616-624

在实际大气中凝结加热对中尺度系统的发展起着重要作用,通过数值计算方法研究了扰动的波谱和谱函数,重点讨论在凝结加热条件下扰动不稳定的性质及特征。研究结果表明:考虑凝结加热时,在相同垂直切变条件下,随着波长的减小,不稳定增长率增大,即加热放宽了不稳定出现的条件,且尺度越小的扰动,对不稳定的条件要求越低。当Nse2 <0时,在大尺度和中α尺度波段,风切变有利于不稳定的发展,由风切变造成的动力学不稳定是主要的,而凝结加热造成的热力学不稳定处于次要地位;而在中β尺度波段,风切变则抑制不稳定发展,此时凝结加热造成的热力学不稳定处于主要地位。   相似文献