Emplacement of the La Peña alkaline igneous complex,Mendoza, Argentina (33° S): Implications for the early Miocene tectonic regime in the retroarc of the Andes     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2014

The La Peña alkaline complex (LPC) of Miocene age (18–19 Ma) lies on the eastern front of the Precordillera (32°41ʹ34ʺS, 68°59ʹ48″W, 1400–2900 m a.s.l.), 30 km northwest of Mendoza city, Argentina. It is a subcircular massif of 19 km² and 5 km in diameter, intruded in the metasedimentary sequence of the Villavicencio Formation of Silurian-Devonian age. It is the result of integration of multiple pulses derived from one or more deep magma chambers, which form a suite of silicate rocks grouped into: a clinopyroxenite body, a central syenite facies with a large breccia zone at the contact with the clinopyroxenite, bodies of malignite, trachyte and syenite porphyry necks, and a system of radial and annular dikes of different compositions. Its subcircular geometry and dike system distribution are frequent features of intraplate plutons or plutons emplaced in post-orogenic settings. These morphostructural features characterize numerous alkaline complexes worldwide and denote the importance of magmatic pressures that cause doming with radial and annular fracturing, in a brittle country rock. However, in the LPC, the attitude of the internal fabric of plutonic and subvolcanic units and the preferential layout of dikes match the NW–SE extensional fractures widely distributed in the host rock. This feature indicates a strong tectonic control linked to the structure that facilitate space for emplacement, corresponding to the brittle shear zone parallel to the N–S stratigraphy of the country rock. Shearing produced a system of discontinuities, with a K fractal fracture pattern, given by the combination of Riedel (R), anti-Riedel (R′), (P) and extensional (T) fracture systems, responsible for the control of melt migration by the opening of various fracture branches, but particularly through the NW–SE (T) fractures. Five different pulses would have ascent, (1) an initial one from which cumulate clinopyroxenite was formed, (2) a phase of mafic composition represented by dikes cross-cutting the clinopyroxenite, (3) a malignite facies that causes a small breccia in the clinopyroxenite, (4) a central syenite facies that develops breccias at the contact with the clinopyroxenite and, finally, (5) porphyry necks and a system of radial dikes intruding all units. At the moment of the emplacement different mechanisms would have acted, they summarized in: 1) opening of discontinuities synchronous to the magma circulation as the principal mechanism for formation of dikes and conduits; 2) stoping processes, that play an important role in the development of the breccia zone and enabling an efficient transference of material during the emplacement of the syenitic magma and 3) shear-related deformation (regional stress), affected the internal fabric of the facies, causing intracrystalline deformation and submagmatic flow, which is very evident in the central syenite intrusive. The kinematic analysis of shear planes allows proposing that emplacement of the LPC took place in a transtensive regime, which would have occurred in the back-arc of the Andes orogen, during a long period spanning from Miocene to the present, of the compressive deformation responsible, westward and at the same latitude, for the development of the Aconcagua fold and thrust belt.  相似文献   

新疆喀拉通克铜镍矿田成矿条件、岩浆通道与成矿潜力分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

秦克章田 野姚卓森  王勇 毛亚晶  王斌 薛胜超  唐冬梅康 珍 《中国地质》2014,41(3):912-935

位于中亚造山带北缘的喀拉通克早二叠世铜镍硫化物矿区是新疆规模最大的铜镍矿山,包含13个岩体,相当部分为隐伏岩体,其中1号、2号、3号、9号矿床为主力矿床,经过30余年持续开发,最大开采深度已达740 m,已面临后备资源不足的危机。已知矿体主要产于辉长岩、苏长岩、辉长苏长岩以及橄榄苏长岩中,甚至角闪辉长岩局部也含矿,未见超镁铁岩产出,具有显著的磁性(200 nT)、重力(0.29×10~(-5)m/s~2)、激化率异常,以镁铁岩含矿、岩体规模小且成群成带、分异演化程度高、富铜(Cu/Ni约3:2)、PGE较高、块状硫化物贯入矿体普遍发育为特色。其围岩为含炭质板岩、片岩和凝灰岩,变形强烈,常规电法受到炭质层的干扰。依据岩石学、地球化学研究,岩浆源于软流圈地幔,基于与东天山同期铜镍矿床含矿岩相及其比例和剩余重力异常的比较,推断其应发育有相当比例的超镁铁岩,因而深部出现超基性岩的可能性很高,且含矿性应更好。这一推断得到坑道钻探的证实,2013年矿区在Y2岩体东段650~740 m深度和Y2岩体西段400~500 m深度发现隐伏超镁铁岩且含矿,局部见贯入块状矿体。橄榄辉石岩、辉石橄榄岩系矿区首次发现,粒度很细,发育强烈的蛇纹石化、纤闪石化,推测只是隐伏超基性岩的头部。结合控岩控矿构造的追溯及南、北岩带的侧伏和倾伏方向判断,硫化物珠滴构造的发现与系统观测统计,围岩烘烤边和角岩化的研究分析,提出南岩带主岩浆通道位于Y2与Y3岩体之间,而不是原普遍认为的岩浆通道位于Y1与Y2岩体之间。结合矿区的现状,提出采用高分辨率浅层地震、CSAMT和瞬变电磁地-井测量,结合传统的高精度重力勘探、磁法勘探和激发极化法来勘探和预测南岩带深部隐伏含矿超镁铁岩的空间位置和产状,圈定岩浆通道和隐伏铜镍矿体,进而推动北岩带和外围G21、22号岩体的深部探矿工作。  相似文献   

吉林省桦甸市隆兴铁矿床深部地质特征     

宋孝生  崔立新  王艳梅  郭小俊  范雪  肖强 《吉林地质》2014,(4)

隆兴铁矿赋存于太古宙夹皮沟岩群三道沟岩组和腰抢子片麻岩中。认为矿床成因类型是属于受变质(火山沉积)铁硅建造铁矿。富矿部分则是混合岩化热液作用,使铁发生迁移而富集的。确定三道沟组内的火山铁硅质沉积建造岩层是寻找此类型矿床的地层标志,而地球物理标志是地面磁异常强度在1 000 n T以上的面积性异常即为矿致异常。  相似文献   

Structural and metamorphic controls on the distribution of zircon in an evolving quartzofeldspathic migmatite: an example from the Reynolds Range, central Australia     

P. DIRKS  M. HAND 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1991,9(2):191-201

Three types of zircon occur in a complexly deformed and variably migmatized quartzofeldspathic gneiss from the Reynolds Range, central Australia. The oldest type is inherited from the granitic precursor of the gneiss, and is overgrown by a second group of zircon grains that formed during prograde, granulite facies metamorphism. Partial melting of the gneiss resulted in solution of both the inherited and metamorphic zircon. No new zircon growth accompanied crystallization of the partial melt, suggesting loss of zirconium–rich residual fluids. Hydrous, amphibolite facies retrogression of the gneiss and its migmatized variants during late shearing produced new, idiomorphic zircon in both the shear zone and its wall rocks.
Important implications of this study are that (i) zircon has a tendency to dissolve if it comes into direct contact with a melt produced from anhydrous biotite breakdown in a quartzofeldspathic granulite, (ii) melt crystallization is not necessarily accompanied by zircon growth, and (iii) euhedral zircon can grow from a hydrous fluid phase under subsolidus, amphibolite facies conditions, e.g. within shear zones.  相似文献   

胶南-威海造山带与罗迪尼亚(Rodinia)超大陆相关问题的初步探讨          下载免费PDF全文

王沛成  刘建文  宋志勇  徐洪岩  周汝国 《山东国土资源》2001,17(6):27-31

胶南-威海造山带中的榴辉岩为晋宁早期板块俯冲作用的产物;沿造山带广泛分布的花岗质片麻岩,则为晋宁晚期板块由俯冲转为碰撞过程中同造山岩浆事件的产物.它们与全球性的格林威尔造山运动属同一事件范畴,但具有明显的穿时性.侵入于同造山花岗质片麻岩的片麻状花岗岩及震旦纪朋河石组,为后造山伸展机制下发生的岩浆及沉积事件的产物,与700～650Ma期间Rodinia超大陆的裂解作用密切相关.  相似文献   

The protoliths to the sillimanite gneisses from the Larsemann Hills and geological implication in their formation     

任留东  杨崇辉  王彦斌  刘平  赵越 《极地研究(英文版)》2009,20(1):1-14

The source rock from which the sillimanite gneisses derive mainly was the biotite plagioclase gneiss in the Larsemann Hills. It is the deformation-metamorphism process under special pressure and temperature condition, not the original rock compositions, that controls the presence of sillimanite. To a great degree, the sillimanite gneiss was the mixture of the detaining materials of the migrating felsic melt from the bt-plagioclase gneiss that underwent partial melting and the relics when the melt was removed. In sillimanitization the original rock had been changed substantially in chemical composition. The related metamorphism process severely deviated from the isochemical series, the process was of, therefore, an open system. In addition, the Al2O3 contents of the original rock was an important, but not critical factor for the formation of sillimanite, i.e., the sillimanite-bearing rock need not be of aluminum rich in composition, and vise contrarily, the aluminum rock may not produce sillimanite. The authors of the present paper postulate that the source rock from which the aluminum rich rock derives need not be of aluminum rich, but sillimanitization is generally the Al2O3 increasing process. The aluminum rich sediments such as clay or shale need not correspond directly to sillimanite-rich gneisses. No argillaceous rock present equals to sillimanite-rich gneiss in chemical composition. The protoliths to the sillimanite gneisses from the Larsemann Hills, east Antarctica, and their adjacent area may be pelite, shale greywacke, sub-greywacke, quartz sandstone and quartz-tourmalinite. If correct, the conclusion will be of significant implication for the determination of the sillimanite gneiss formation process and the reconstruction of the protolith setting.  相似文献   

Was the Panzhihua Large Fe-Ti Oxide Deposit,SW China,Formed by Silicate Immiscibility?     

DING Xiangli  CHEN Xuanhu  SHAO Zhaogang 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(5):1451-1461

The Panzhihua mafic intrusion, which hosts a world-class Fe-Ti-V ore deposit, is in the western Emeishan region, SW China. The formation age(～260 Ma), and Sr and Nd isotopes indicate that the Panzhihua intrusion is part of the Emeishan large igneous province and has little crustal contamination. To assess ore genesis of the Panzhihua Fe-Ti-V ore deposit, two different models have been provided to explain the formation, namely silicate immiscibility and normal fractional crystallization. Silicate...  相似文献   

江西印支期蔡江岩体中暗色微粒包体的发现及其地质意义     

刘运超  姜耀辉  青龙  杜佛光 《高校地质学报》2022,28(4):473-483

文章报道了江西蔡江花岗质岩体中发现暗色微粒包体,以及这些包体的地质、岩相学、LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学和元素地球化学特征。包体多呈椭圆状,显示淬冷边和反向脉,具有典型的岩浆结构并含有针状磷灰石,有的包体含有长石捕虏晶。包体具有相对较低的SiO₂（低至57.05 wt%）和较高的MgO+Fe₂O₃（高达14.21 wt%）含量。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年数据表明,包体形成于晚三叠世（224 Ma）,与寄主花岗岩（230~228 Ma）在误差范围内基本一致。上述特征表明,包体是离散的幔源偏基性岩浆团或者是幔源与寄主岩浆混合的产物。原始包体岩浆属于超钾质岩浆,可能是通过岩石圈地幔中交代成因的金云母辉石岩脉发生部分熔融而形成的。暗色微粒包体的发现为幔源岩浆底侵提供了直接证据,从而为蔡江花岗质岩石形成于较高温度提供佐证。该研究对于进一步探讨华南印支期花岗岩形成的热源机制具有意义。  相似文献   

阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶世赞岐质闪长岩的发现及其地质意义     

曾忠诚  洪增林  边小卫  陈宁  张若愚  李琦 《地学前缘》2022,29(4):345-357

本文以阿尔金造山带南缘出露的高镁赞岐质闪长岩为研究对象,通过系统的野外地质工作、显微岩相学、年代学和全岩地球化学分析,探讨其成因类型和源区性质,限定了阿尔金造山带构造演化格架。闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果表明其形成年龄为(445±3) Ma,属晚奥陶世。地球化学数据显示:闪长岩Al₂O₃含量为15.11%~16.19%,且具有高MgO(3.93%~5.29%)和K₂O(1.68%~2.67%)含量的特征,属于高镁钙碱性准铝质岩石;闪长岩具有较高的Cr(29.3×10^-6~140×10^-6)、Ni(27.1×10^-6~43.5×10^-6)、Ba(606×10^-6~936×10^-6)、Sr(513×10^-6~734×10^-6)和Y(26.4×10^-6~31.1×10^-6)含量,与典型的高镁赞岐岩类地球化学特征一致;稀土配分图和微量元素蛛网图显示闪长岩样品富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素(如Rb和K),而亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ti和Zr),表现出与俯冲带环境岩浆岩相似的性质;高Ti/Zr比值(48~60)与Mg^#(46.74~53.06)、高Cr(29.3×10^-6~140×10^-6)与高Ni(27.1×10^-6~43.5×10^-6)含量等暗示闪长岩岩浆源区来自遭受俯冲组分交代过的富集岩石圈地幔。岩石成因分析表明,阿尔金造山带南缘晚奥陶世高镁赞岐质闪长岩是后碰撞构造环境下俯冲板片断离诱发地幔楔发生减压熔融而形成,代表了早古生代最强烈的区域性幔源基性岩浆侵入事件。  相似文献   

内蒙古大青山地区古元古代早期榴云片麻岩(大青山表壳岩)深熔作用:地质、锆石年代学和地球化学研究   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3  

马铭株  董春艳  徐仲元  谢士稳  刘敦一  万渝生 《岩石学报》2015,31(6):1535-1548

大青山位于华北克拉通西部孔兹岩带中段,古元古代晚期孔兹岩系(上乌拉山岩群)十分发育。近年来,在上乌拉山岩群中分辨出一套古元古代早期变质碎屑沉积岩(大青山表壳岩,榴云片麻岩),它们遭受强烈变质变形和深熔作用改造,形成古元古代早期石榴石花岗岩。包头哈德门沟是古元古代早期榴云片麻岩典型出露区,并有古元古代早期石榴石花岗岩(哈德门沟石榴石花岗岩)形成。由榴云片麻岩经深熔榴云片麻岩再到石榴石花岗岩,浅色体增多,石榴石增多且颗粒增大,黑云母减少,石榴石包裹黑云母、石英、斜长石等矿物。石榴石岩的锆石呈浑圆状,普遍具核-幔-边或核-边结构,碎屑锆石年龄为~2.5Ga,变质锆石年龄为~2.45Ga和~1.90Ga。锆石形态、内部结构和年龄与榴云片麻岩、深熔榴云片麻岩和石榴石花岗岩中的锆石类似,但记录了古元古代晚期变质事件年龄。石榴石花岗岩与榴云片麻岩和深熔榴云片麻岩的地球化学组成特征总体上类似,高Al2O3含量和FeO T/MgO比值,CaO含量和K2O/Na2O比值存在较大变化,富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、P和Ti。研究表明:1)浅色体和石榴石花岗岩中的石榴石是黑云母转熔的产物,并非岩浆结晶形成的;2)石榴石岩是在石榴石花岗岩岩浆形成之后进一步演化过程中石榴石不断地发生运移、分异和聚集的结果;3)尽管哈德门沟石榴石花岗岩具有一定或较大的规模,但具有深熔岩浆的性质;4)石榴石花岗岩地球化学组成变化与熔融母岩组成变化和深熔及岩浆演化过程中残余矿物相石榴石、锆石局部变化有关。  相似文献