Stepwise accumulation and ascent of magmas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

P. D. Bons  J. Dougherty-Page  M. A. Elburg 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2001,19(5):627-633

One of the currently popular theories on magma ascent is that it mainly occurs by propagating hydrofractures (dykes) and that magma viscosity is the primary rate‐controlling factor. This theory is based on mathematical models for single hydrofractures under idealised conditions. We simulated magma ascent with air ascending through gelatine and observed that the air ascended in batches, following paths made by their predecessors. Multiple batches accumulate at obstacles along the path. Although magma viscosity may control ascent rate during movement, obstacles ultimately control the size and average ascent velocity of ascending batches. We propose that step‐wise movement of magma batches is the mechanism of primary accumulation and ascent from the partially molten source rock of a magma to its first emplacement site and therefore the main ascent mechanism for granitic magmas. ‘Classical’ dyking is the mechanism for secondary ascent from a magma chamber.  相似文献   

Petrogenetic and Metallogenetic Background of the Dajing Cu–Sn–Ag–Pb–Zn Ore Deposit, Inner Mongolia, and Characteristics of the Mineralizing Fluid     

Wei LIU  Xin–Jun LI  Jun TAN 《Resource Geology》2001,51(4):321-331

Abstract: The Dajing Cu–Sn–Ag–Pb–Zn ore deposit, Inner Mongolia of China, is a fissure‐filling hydrothermal ore deposit that occurs within the Upper Permian Linxi group. No magmatic pluton and volcanic rocks outcrop on the surface of the deposit. Most of ore veins show clear‐cut boundary with country rocks. Wallrock alterations that include silicification, carbonation, chlori–tization, and sericitization are generally weak and occur in the close vicinity of ore veins. Mineralization is divided into three stages: (1) cassiterite–arsenopyrite–quartz stage, (2) sulfide stage, and (3) Pb–Zn–Ag–carbonate stage. These mineralization stages have distinct ranges of homogenization temperatures, 290–350C for Stage 1, 260–320C for Stage 2, and 150–250C for Stage 3. However, salinities for Stages 1, 2, and 3 overlap and range between 2.2 and 10.4 wt % NaCl equivalent. The dD values relative to V‐SMOW of inclusion water from quartz are lower than –88% and centered at –100 to –130%. The δ³⁴S values relative to CDT of sulfide ore minerals and δ¹³C values relative to PDB of carbonate gangue minerals, vary from –0.3 to +2.6%, and from –7.0 to –2.9%, respectively. Integrated isotopic data point to two major contributions to the mineralizing fluid that include a dominant meteoric‐derived water and the other from hypogene magma for sulfur and carbon species. Analyses of inclusion gas and liquid compositions are performed. The H₂O and CO₂ are the two most abundant gaseous components, whereas SO₄^2‐ and Cl^‐, and Na⁺, Ca²⁺, and K⁺ are the major anions and cations, respectively. A linear trend is shown on the gaseous H₂O versus CO₂ plot. Phase separation is excluded as cause for the trend on the basis of isotope data and fluid inclusion microthermometry. In addition, a weak wallrock alteration does not support fluid‐rock interaction as an efficient mechanism. Hence, the linear H₂O–CO₂ trend is interpreted in terms of absorption or dilution of CO₂–dominant magmatic vapor by meteoric‐derived water. Cooling effects resulting from dilution may have caused precipitation of ore minerals. Major and trace element compositions of regional granites show a high‐K calc–alkaline characteristics and an arc–affinity. Lead isotopic compositions of galena samples from the Dajing deposit exhibit elevated U/Pb and Th/Pb ratios. These characteristics indicate a common source of supra subduction zone mantle wedge for regional granites and metals from the Dajing deposit.  相似文献   

Generation of Deccan Trap magmas   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gautam Sen 《Journal of Earth System Science》2001,110(4):409-431

Deccan Trap magmas may have erupted through multiple centers, the most prominent of which may have been a shield volcano-like structure in the Western Ghats area. The lavas are predominantly tholeiitic; alkalic mafic lavas and carbonatites are rare. Radioisotope dating, magnetic chronology, and age constraints from paleontology indicate that although the eruption started some 68 Ma, the bulk of lavas erupted at around 65–66 Ma. Paleomagnetic constraints indicate an uncertainty of ± 500,000 years for peak volcanic activity at 65 m.y. in the type section of the Western Ghats. Maximum magma residence times were calculated in this study based on growth rates of “giant plagioclase” crystals in lavas that marked the end phase of volcanic activity of different magma chambers. These calculations suggest that the > 1.7 km thick Western Ghats section might have erupted within a much shorter time interval of ∼ 55,000 years, implying phenomenal eruption rates that are orders of magnitude larger than any present-day eruption rate from any tectonic environment. Other significant observations/conclusions are as follows: (1) Deccan lavas can be grouped into stratigraphic subdivisions based on their geochemistry; (2) While some formations are relatively uncontaminated others are strongly contaminated by the continental crust; (3) Deccan magmas were produced by 15–30% melting of a Fe-rich lherzolitic source at ∼ 3–2 GPa; (4) Parent magmas of the relatively uncontaminated Ambenali formation had a primitive composition with 16%MgO, 47%SiO₂; (5) Deccan magmas were generated much deeper and by significantly more melting than other continental flood basalt provinces; (6) The erupted Deccan tholeiitic lavas underwent fractionation and magma mixing at ∼ 0.2 GPa. The composition and origin of the crust and crust/mantle boundary beneath the Deccan are discussed with respect to the influence of Deccan magmatic episode.  相似文献   

乐德矿带成矿系列与成矿规律   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王成发 《矿产与地质》1992,(4):257-263

乐华—德兴矿带是指江西省内呈NE走向的有色金属和贵金属成矿带,带内有丰富的Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag等矿产资源,其中铜储量约占我国总储量的17.5％。 矿带位于扬子地台南缘关帽山地背斜内,广泛发育中元古代双桥山下亚群和轴向呈EW向或NE向的线状基底褶皱。矿带两侧为断层或地块。矿带内有许多韧性剪切带和燕山期中酸性火成岩,呈NE向分布。 矿带有5个矿田,15个矿床,划分为两个成矿系。是根据其成矿控制因素,矿床物质组分,REE含量,S、Pb、O等稳定同位素,以及黄铁矿中的Co、Ni含量和Co/Ni比值。两个成矿系为:(1)Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag(Au);(2)Au。矿系(1)呈简单的水平分带,矿化与燕山期中酸性岩浆活动有关,而矿系(2)的矿化则与韧性剪切带和晚期断层作用直接有关。  相似文献   

矽卡岩浆型铜矿床特征——以安徽铜陵东狮子山铜矿床为例   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

张叔贞  凌其聪 《地球科学》1993,2(6)

东狮子山铜矿床具有下列独特的特征:(1)矽卡岩是高温、高密度、粘稠的岩浆熔融体;(2)矽卡岩体与辉石二长岩体具有同源性;(3)矿体与矽岩体具有同源性;(4)成矿物质来自岩浆源,硫同位素测定的绝对值小于5‰;(5)矽卡岩矿物开始结晶温度为920C,可见熔融包裹体,成矿温度为620C;(6)成矿压力相当于1～2km深度条件;(7)矿石、矽卡岩具有典型的岩浆矿床的结构构造。  相似文献   

甘肃公婆泉铜矿区斑岩岩浆起源及成岩成矿大地构造背景   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

游小毛 《大地构造与成矿学》1999,23(2):167-171

探讨了公婆泉矿区斑岩岩浆起源,论述了该矿区斑岩成岩成矿大地构造背景。研究结果表明,该矿区斑岩岩浆起源属幔壳混合源;斑岩成岩成矿大地构造背景为褶皱造山期。  相似文献   

Seismic Activity Around and Under Krakatau Volcano,Sunda Arc: Constraints to the Source Region of Island Arc Volcanics     

Špičák  A.  Hanuš  V.  Vaněk  J. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2002,46(3):545-565

There is general agreement that calc-alkaline volcanic rocks at convergent plate margins are genetically related to the process of subduction (Ringwood, 1974; Maaloe and Petersen, 1981; Hawkesworth et al., 1997). However, opinions on the mode and site of generation of primary magma for island arc volcanism differ substantially. The site of generation of calc-alkaline magma is thought to be either in the mantle wedge (Plank and Langmuir, 1988; McCulloch and Gamble, 1991) or in the subducting slab (White and Dupré, 1986; Defant and Drummond, 1990; Edwards et al., 1993; Ryan and Langmuir, 1993). We present seismological evidence in favour of the latter concept. A distinctive seismicity pattern around and under the Krakatau volcano was identified during systematic studies of the SE Asian convergent plate margins by means of global seismological data. A column-like cluster of events, probably associated with the dynamics of the volcano, is clearly separated from the events in the Wadati-Benioff zone. The accuracy of hypocentral determinations of the events of the cluster does not differ from the accuracy of the events belonging to the subducting slab. The depths of the cluster events vary from very shallow to about 100 km without any apparent discontinuity. On the other hand, there is a pronounced aseismic gap in the Wadati-Benioff zone directly beneath the volcano at depths between 100-150 km. The Krakatau cluster connects this aseismic gap to the volcano at the surface. The pervasive occurrence of earthquakes in the continental wedge between the subducting slab and the Earth surface bears witness to the brittle character of the continental lithosphere and casts doubt on the existence of large-scale melting of mantle material. The aseismic gap (Hanu and Vank, 1985), interpreted by us as a partially melted domain occurring in subducted slabs in practically all active subduction zones that reach depths greater than 100 km, is here used as evidence for the location of the primary source region of island arc volcanics in the subducting plate.  相似文献   

浙江沐尘岩体与西山头组火山岩的岩浆同源性分析          下载免费PDF全文

卢成忠颜铁增  董传万顾明光 《中国地质》2006,33(1):146-152

沐尘岩体与旁侧西山头组火山岩、潜火山岩在空间上密切共生,形成时间相近;岩石类型都属中酸性岩类;具有相近的岩石化学成分,均属弱碱质岩系;各种岩石的稀土配分曲线除Eu外具有基本一致的型式,微量元素配分曲线形态也基本一致,说明它们是同源岩浆演化的产物。其岩石类型、岩石化学和稀土元素、微量元素地球化学方面具有相似性和一致性,岩浆演化均有反序现象,说明它们属同熔型火山-侵入岩组合。根据2004年国际地层委员会公布的侏罗系与白垩系的分界年龄(145.5±4.0Ma),并结合沐尘岩体与旁侧西山头组火山岩的成因关系,沐尘岩体的形成时代确定为早白垩世早期似更合理。  相似文献   

赣东北前寒武纪港边杂岩体的岩浆混合（和）作用及其地质意义   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

李昌年  廖群安 《岩石矿物学杂志》2006,25(5):357-376

赣东北地区沿江绍断裂北缘和江南造山带南侧有大量的前寒武纪火山侵入杂岩呈带状分布,主要由大面积的陆相火山岩和若干长英质镁铁质火成杂岩体组成,后者中出露面积最大的港边杂岩体在填图尺度上可划分为长英质岩、镁铁质岩和过渡性岩3大组成部分,长英质岩颗粒锆石U_Pb谐和不一致曲线上交点年龄为822±4Ma,代表杂岩体中岩浆混合作用发生的时间。港边岩体中长英质岩石的Nd模式年龄为1·49~1·68Ga,镁铁质岩中玄武质岩石为1·51~2·21Ga,辉长岩的Nd模式年龄与玄武质岩石基本相同,为1·54~2·13Ga,经计算的过渡性岩石的Nd模式年龄为1·58~1·90Ga,因此认为镁铁质岩石从源区分离的时间要远早于长英质岩石,而过渡性岩石含有前两个端员岩浆相互混合(和)的信息。长英质岩石的εNd(t=822Ma)值为-0·8~-4·4,87Sr/86Sr(822)比值为0·70368~0·70549;玄武质岩石的εNd(822)值为-2·6~+2·3,87Sr/86Sr(822)比值为0·70387~0·70527,这反映了镁铁质岩浆的源区接近总地球,长英质岩浆则来自具壳幔混合性质的EMⅠ型地幔的源区。可以推测,赣东北前寒武纪也曾发生过岩浆底侵作用。底侵作用对港边火成杂岩体岩浆的形成起着重要的作用。底侵于壳幔边界的玄武质岩浆使地壳熔融形成长英质岩浆并聚集于浅部岩浆房。随着长英质岩浆房降温,长英质岩浆的结晶度和粘度增加,其物理状态发生液态→(固+液)混合态→固态的变化;当玄武质岩浆穿透下地壳并不断进入物理状态变化的长英质岩浆房时,持续地发生两种岩浆的化学混合作用或两岩浆的机械混合作用或玄武质岩浆的侵入,其混合作用的时间以长英质岩锆石的U_Pb谐和不一致曲线上交点年龄822±4Ma界定。根据Nd模式年龄(tDM)和Nd富集系数(fSm/Nd)分布特征,可以确定中元古代江南造山带为太古宙扬子古陆核的横向增生体,而新元古代陆相火山侵入杂岩带则横向增生于江南造山带南缘。至此,扬子古陆横向增生作用结束,开始与华夏古陆拼贴,包括港边火成杂岩体在内的新元古代火山侵入杂岩带则成为两古陆连结的纽带。  相似文献   

富金斑岩型铜矿床的基本特征、成矿物质来源与成矿高氧化岩浆-流体演化   总被引：17，自引：12，他引：17  

李金祥秦克章  李光明 《岩石学报》2006,22(3):678-688

第三纪富金斑岩型铜矿床主要发育于板块汇聚边缘与俯冲作用相关的火山-岩浆弧以及陆缘弧中,而大多数较古老的富金斑岩型铜矿床则主要发育于向大陆边缘增生的岛弧环境中.含矿斑岩的岩性变化范围从低钾钙碱性闪长岩、石英闪长岩和英云闪长岩到高钾钙碱性石英二长岩到碱性的二长岩及正长岩,通常侵位于地壳浅部l～2km处,与同期的火山岩密切共生,并常见热液爆破角砾岩.其围岩蚀变从早到晚依次可分为Ca-Na硅酸盐蚀变、K硅酸盐蚀变、中级泥质蚀变、绢云母化、高级泥质蚀变,而浅部的高级泥质蚀变可以与早期K硅酸盐蚀变同期形成.Cu、Au矿化主要发育在K硅酸盐蚀变带中,矿化与A型脉密切相关,贫钼而富铂族元素.控制富金斑岩型铜矿床形成的几个关键过程包括：（1）源区有大量的Cu、Au等成矿元素;（2）能使Cu、Au等成矿物质有效进入岩浆熔体的机制;（3）合成矿元素的岩浆熔体在从地幔上升到地壳高侵位而形成斑岩体的过程中没有Cu、Au等成矿物质损失;（4）在岩浆上升演化过程中,岩浆挥发份能有效的逸出,并且逸出的时间越早,对成矿越有利;（5）Cu、Au等成矿元素能有效进入岩浆挥发份;（6）在成矿斑岩体上部发育有利的相对封闭机制,阻止岩浆挥发份的逃逸;（7）含Cu、Au成矿流体的有效沉淀机制;（8）具有一个地壳上部的岩浆房,能够不断提供成矿物质和驱动热液循环的热能.要形成大型矿床一般需要多期岩浆脉动侵位与多期矿化热液蚀变事件的叠加.现多倾向认为交代的地幔楔可能是其主要物质来源.而有利于富金斑岩型铜矿床形成的岩浆有钾质钙碱性岩浆、埃达克质岩浆、碱性弧岩浆.俯冲板片脱水形成的流体或者熔融产生熔体提供了上覆地幔楔熔融的高氧逸度条件,这种高氧逸度特征是地幔源区Cu、Au成矿元素能否进入岩浆熔体的重要条件之一.最近研究表明流体的冷却可能是Cu、Au沉淀成矿最主要的因素.本文扼要介绍了富金斑岩型铜矿的矿床地质特征、矿床成因等方面的研究进展,分析了存在的主要问题并对其发展趋势作了展望.  相似文献