幔源CO_2释出机理、脱气模式及成藏机制研究进展   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

鲁雪松  宋岩  柳少波  洪峰  付晓飞 《地学前缘》2008,15(6):293

针对幔源CO2如何从地幔岩浆中脱出并进入沉积地层中形成CO2气藏聚集这一关键问题,总结了国内外研究进展和前缘方向。研究表明,地幔深部的碱性玄武岩浆和碱性岩浆才是深部流体和CO2等挥发份大量赋存、渗滤和释出的场所。浅成侵入岩、次火山岩和火山通道等是CO2释放和聚集的有利位置,岩浆期后和岩浆衰弱期的热液活动阶段是CO2大量释放和聚集的有利时期。幔源CO2进入沉积盆地中具有3种脱气模式,即沿岩石圈断裂直接脱气模式、热流底辟体脱气模式和壳内岩浆房-基底断裂组合脱气模式。CO2的固有物化性质决定其运移相态多样,具有运移和聚集过程同步的特征。只有在满足大量的化学消耗及地层水或原油的溶解和耗散之后才能形成CO2有效聚集。幔源CO2成藏和分布主要受岩浆气源体和气源断裂体系的控制。今后,在超临界CO2及其对油气运移聚集的作用、CO2与深大断裂及火山岩的关系、CO2脱气运移机制、CO与常规烃类油气的耦合差异成藏机制等方面仍需要进一步的研究和探索。  相似文献   

青藏高原东南缘次林错岩体晚白垩世- 早新生代快速剥蚀     

沈续文  沈晓明  刘静  曾令森  杨超群  葛玉魁  邢宇堃  曾宪阳  王子君  李云帅  李金阳 《地质学报》2022,96(10):3332-3344

青藏高原东南缘是研究构造、地貌演化和气候变化相互作用的理想场所，前人研究主要揭示了晚始新世—早中新世和晚中新世以来的快速剥蚀事件，缺乏晚白垩世—早新生代时期地貌演化过程的研究。次林错花岗岩已有的低温热年代学数据覆盖了整个新生代时期，为探索该区域新生代早期的剥露演化历史提供了重要资料。该岩体新生代早期冷却事件是岩浆冷却单一作用的结果，还是受快速剥蚀作用的影响，目前仍然存疑，需要定量研究。因此，本文结合已有的岩石地化和年代学数据，对次林错花岗岩开展了锆石饱和温度和一维岩浆冷却模拟研究。锆石饱和温度计算结果表明次林错花岗岩的岩浆结晶温度介于647~705℃之间，属低温花岗岩。一维岩浆冷却模拟结果显示岩体侵位时的最小围岩温度为160~120℃，对应深度约为3. 7~5. 0 km。结合锆石和磷灰石(U- Th)/He年代学数据，本文认为该岩体在晚白垩世—早新生代时期(67~40 Ma)经历了一期剥蚀量至少为2 km的快速剥蚀事件。已发表成果的综合分析表明，此次快速剥露事件可能是整个青藏高原地区广泛存在的构造剥蚀事件，新特提斯洋的俯冲闭合与印亚板块的初始碰撞可能是触发此次大规模区域剥蚀的主要原因  相似文献   

相山高位岩浆房分异机制和演化   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

夏林圻  夏祖春 《岩石学报》1992,8(3):205-221,T001

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Spatiotemporal variations in vertical gravity gradients at the Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy): a case for source multiplicity during unrest?     

Joachim Gottsmann  Antonio G. Camacho  Kristy F. Tiampo  José Fernández 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,167(3):1089-1096

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Cyclicity in the Main and Upper Zones of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa: Crystallization from a Zoned Magma Sheet   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

TEGNER  CHRISTIAN; CAWTHORN  R. GRANT; KRUGER  F. JOHAN 《Journal of Petrology》2006,47(11):2257-2279

The major element composition of plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine,and magnetite, and whole-rock ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr data are presented forthe uppermost 2·1 km of the layered mafic rocks (upperMain Zone and Upper Zone) at Bierkraal in the western BushveldComplex. Initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios are near-constant (0·7073± 0·0001) for 24 samples and imply crystallizationfrom a homogeneous magma sheet without major magma rechargeor assimilation. The 2125 m thick section investigated in drillcore comprises 26 magnetitite and six nelsonite (magnetite–ilmenite–apatite)layers and changes up-section from gabbronorite (An₇₂ plagioclase;Mg# 74 clinopyroxene) to magnetite–ilmenite–apatite–fayaliteferrodiorite (An₄₃; Mg# 5 clinopyroxene; Fo₁ olivine). The overallfractionation trend is, however, interrupted by reversals characterizedby higher An% of plagioclase, higher Mg# of pyroxene and olivine,and higher V₂O₅ of magnetite. In the upper half of the successionthere is also the intermittent presence of cumulus olivine andapatite. These reversals in normal fractionation trends definethe bases of at least nine major cycles. We have calculateda plausible composition for the magma from which this entiresuccession formed. Forward fractional crystallization modelingof this composition predicts an initial increase in total iron,near-constant SiO₂ and an increasing density of the residualmagma before magnetite crystallizes. After magnetite beginsto crystallize the residual magma shows a near-constant totaliron, an increase in SiO₂ and decrease in density. We explainthe observed cyclicity by bottom crystallization. Initiallymagma stratification developed during crystallization of thebasal gabbronorites. Once magnetite began to crystallize, periodicdensity inversion led to mixing with the overlying magma layer,producing mineralogical breaks between fractionation cycles.The magnetitite and nelsonite layers mainly occur within fractionationcycles, not at their bases. In at least two cases, crystallizationof thick magnetitite layers may have lowered the density ofthe basal layer of melt dramatically, and triggered the proposeddensity inversion, resulting in close, but not perfect, coincidenceof mineralogical breaks and packages of magnetitite layers. KEY WORDS: layered intrusion; mineral chemistry; isotopes; magma; convection; differentiation  相似文献   

Generation of Porphyritic and Equigranular Mafic Enclaves During Magma Recharge Events at Unzen Volcano, Japan   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

BROWNE  BRANDON L.; EICHELBERGER  JOHN C.; PATINO  LINA C.; VOGEL  THOMAS A.; DEHN  JONATHAN; UTO  KOZO; HOSHIZUMI  HIDEO 《Journal of Petrology》2006,47(2):301-328

Mafic to intermediate enclaves are evenly distributed throughoutthe dacitic 1991–1995 lava sequence of Unzen volcano,Japan, representing hundreds of mafic recharge events over thelife of the volcano. This study documents the morphological,textural, chemical, and petrological characteristics of theenclaves and coexisting silicic host lavas. The eruptive productsdescribed in this study appear to be general products of magmamingling, as the same textural types are seen at many othervolcanoes. Two types of magmatic enclaves, referred to as Porphyriticand Equigranular, are easily distinguished texturally. Porphyriticenclaves display a wide range in composition from basalt toandesite, are glass-rich, spherical and porphyritic, and containlarge, resorbed, plagioclase phenocrysts in a matrix of acicularcrystals and glass. Equigranular enclaves are andesitic, non-porphyritic,and consist of tabular, medium-grained microphenocrysts in amatrix glass that is in equilibrium with the host dacite magma.Porphyritic enclaves are produced when intruding basaltic magmaengulfs melt and phenocrysts of resident silicic magma at theirmutual interface. Equigranular enclaves are a product of a moreprolonged mixing and gradual crystallization at a slower coolingrate within the interior of the mafic intrusion. KEY WORDS: mafic enclaves; quenched mafic inclusions; magma mingling; Unzen volcano; Unzen Scientific Drilling Project; resorbed plagioclase  相似文献   

黑龙江省中部森林沼泽区 超低密度深穿透地球化学调查采样介质的确定   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡忠贤  杨兆武  程志中  王学求 《物探与化探》2005,29(2):105-107,115

通过对王水溶矿法与四酸溶矿法的对比,元素在泛滥平原A层、B层沉积物及水系沉积物中的分配,以及这3种介质圈定的异常对比等综合因素的研究,确定了泛滥平原A层沉积物是黑龙江省中部森林沼泽区开展超低密度深穿透地球化学调查的有效采样介质。  相似文献   

冲绳海槽玄武岩中中酸性残余熔体研究及其岩石学意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈小明  王汝成赵明 倪培赵广涛  李巍然 《岩石学报》2005,21(1):158-168

与洋壳有关的酸性岩由于对了解幔源岩浆的演化以及判别古老蛇绿岩套及其构造位置的重要意义而倍受岩石学家和构造地质学家的关注。本对发现于冲绳海槽玄武岩基质中的中酸性到酸性残余熔体进行了详细研究，它们提供了幔源玄武岩浆结晶分异形成酸性岩浆的直接证据。在细小的基质矿物间分布有一种玻璃质的残余熔体，其成分随距冷凝边距离(L)的增加而越来越酸性。在SiO2对Na2O K2O图解上，残余熔体的投影点从玄武岩到英安岩均有分布，反映了一个连续的演化系列。在AFM图解上，残余熔体表现出与Thingmuli火山岩系列类似的拉斑玄武岩系列的演化趋势。我们的研究表明：残余熔体的演化受结晶分异作用控制。在早期结晶阶段，辉石的结晶起主导作用，结果造成残余熔体中SiO2、Al2O3，Na2O的迅速增加，FeO、MgO、CaO迅速降低。在晚期结晶阶段，斜长石成为主导结晶相，导致残余熔体中Al2O3，Na2O的迅速消减。Al2O3、Na2O从增加到降低的转变出现在SiO2=62％左右。在L=27．5mm处，85～90％的基质岩浆已发生了结晶作用，导致残余熔体中SiO2含量达到69～70％，而且此处还新出现了一种富FeTi的氧化物。该玄武岩中残余熔体和基质矿物的成分及演化特征分别与Thingmuli火山岩系列中酸性端元的组成相似，在也佐证了Thingmuli火山岩系列是幔源岩浆结晶分异的产物.  相似文献   

粉煤灰浸出特性试验研究     

郭建新 《地下水》2005,27(5):405-407

利用浸出试验方法,对火电厂粉煤灰进行浸出特性的测定,对其有害特性进行鉴别并分析其浸出规律,从而为地下水受粉煤灰排水影响后的水质预测、堆灰场选址、环境影响评价提供依据.  相似文献   

Origin of fine-scale sheeted granites by incremental injection of magma into active shear zones: examples from the Pilbara Craton, NW Australia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. J. Pawley  W. J. Collins  M. J. Van Kranendonk 《Lithos》2002,61(3-4):127-139

In the Archaean Pilbara Craton of Western Australia, three zones of heterogeneous centimetre- to metre-scale sheeted granites are interpreted to represent high-level, syn-magmatic shear zones. Evidence for the syn-magmatic nature of the shear zones include imbricated and asymmetrically rotated metre-scale orthogneiss xenoliths that are enveloped by leucogranite sheets that show no significant internal strain. At another locality, granite sheets have a strong shape-preferred alignment of K-feldspar, suggesting magmatic flow, while the asymmetric recrystallisation of the grain boundaries indicates that non-coaxial deformation continued acting upon the sheets under sub-solidus conditions. Elsewhere, randomly oriented centimetre-wide leucogranite dykes are realigned at a shear zone boundary to form semi-continuous, layer-parallel sheets within a magma-dominated, dextral shear zone.

It is proposed that the granite sheets formed by the incremental injection of magmas into active shear zones. Magma was sheared during laminar flow to produce the sheets that are aligned sub-parallel to the shear zone boundary. Individual sheets are fed by individual dykes, with up to 1000s of discrete injections in an individual shear zone. The sheets often lack microstructural evidence for magmatic flow, either because the crystal content of the magma was too low to record internal strain, or because of later recrystallisation.  相似文献