Progressive assembly of a massive layer of ignimbrite with a normal-to-reverse compositional zoning: the Zaragoza ignimbrite of central Mexico     

Gerardo Carrasco-Núñez  Michael J. Branney 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2005,68(1):3-20

The Zaragoza ignimbrite and two enclosing rhyodacite pumice fall layers were emplaced during the 15 km³ (DRE), ∼0.1 Ma Zaragoza eruption from Los Humeros volcanic centre, 180 km east of Mexico City. The ignimbrite comprises several massive flow-units, the largest of which locally exceeds 20 m in thickness and is regionally traceable. It comprises massive lapilli-ash with vertical elutriation pipes, and has a fine-grained inverse-graded base and a pumice concentration zone at the top. It also exhibits an unusual gradational ‘double’ vertical compositional zonation that is widely traceable. A basal rhyodacitic (67.6–69 wt% SiO₂) zone grades up via a mixed zone into a central andesitic (58–62 wt% SiO₂) zone, which, in turn, grades up into an upper rhyodacitic (67.6–69 wt% SiO₂) zone. Zoning is also defined by vertical variations in lithic clast populations. We infer that pyroclastic fountaining fed initially rhyodacite pumice clasts to a sustained granular fluid-based pyroclastic density current. The composition of the pumice clasts supplied to the current then gradually changed, first to andesite and then back to rhyodacite. Inverse grading at the base of the massive layer may reflect initial waxing flow competence. The pumice concentration at the top of the massive layer is entirely rhyodacitic and was probably deposited during waning stages of the current, when the supply of andesitic pumice clasts had ceased. The return to rhyodacitic composition may have been the result of eruption-conduit modification during collapse of Los Potreros caldera, marked in the ignimbrite by a widespread influx of hydrothermally altered lithic blocks, and/or a decrease in draw-up depth from a compositionally stratified magma chamber as the eruptive mass flux waned. The massive layer of ignimbrite thins locally to less than 2 m, yet it still shows the double zonation. Correlation of the zoning suggests that the thin massive layer is stratigraphically condensed, and aggraded relatively slowly during the same time interval as did the much thicker (≤50 m) massive layer.Editorial responsibility: J McPhie  相似文献   

泉店井田的煤岩层对比   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张云中  田张丽 《中国煤田地质》2005,17(6):8-9

采用标志层对比、层间距对比、煤、岩层组合特征对比、物性特征对比和煤质特性对比等多种方法,对泉店井田的煤、岩层进行了综合对比,对指导周边地区的地质勘探具有重要的现实意义.  相似文献   

红层工程性质指标相关性研究     

徐红梅侯龙清  罗嗣海 《华东地质学院学报》2005,28(1):43-47

红层是我国南方分布广泛的白垩纪沉积软岩，大量试验数据分析表明，反映红层工程性质的一些重要物理力学指标间存在着较好的相关性，由于岩石结构的差异，不同地区红层的相关方程差异较大。通过对试验数据进行回归分析。建立了抚州市区红层的饱和重度与饱和单轴抗压强度、饱和单轴抗压强度与割性模量、三轴抗压强度与围压之间的相关方程，分析了现有点荷载试验强度与饱和单轴抗压强度相关方程对抚州红层的不适用性，并建立了相应的相关性明显的相关方程。  相似文献   

Sedimentary Micro-facies and Macro Heterogeneity of Reservoir Beds in the Third Member of the Qingshankou Formation,Qian'an Area,Songliao Basin          下载免费PDF全文

Reinhard F.SACHSENHOFER 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,(6)

An analysis of drill cores and well logs shows that the main micro-facies of the third member sand bodies of the Qingshankou Formation in Qian'an are subaqueous distributary channel facies, sheet sand facies and subaqueous fan facies(olistostrome).Maps showing the distribution of these micro-facies together with inter-channel bay and prodelta mocro-facies are presented for different time-slices(lower,middle and upper parts of the Qingshankou Formation).These maps reveal the instability and change of sediment transport in the Baokang sedimentary system during the depositional period.Sediment transport was from the west in the early stage,from the south in the middle stage and from the northwest in the late stage.Values of thickness,porosity and permeability of the sand bodies in the third member of the Qingshankou Formation show that they have low to medium porosity and low permeability,and are characterized by serious reservoir heterogeneity.The joints between micro-facies and subaqueous fan micro-facies are characterized by the highest heterogeneity, the sheet sand and distal sand bar subfacies come next,and the heterogeneity of the subaqueous distributary channel sand bodies is relatively weak.  相似文献   

Sedimentary Micro-facies and Macro Heterogeneity of Reservoir Beds in the Third Member of the Qingshankou Formation, Qian’an Area, Songliao Basin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

SHAN Xuanlong  HU Jinxiang  Reinhard F. SACHSENHOFER  SHI Tiaotiao 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(6):1033-1040

An analysis of drill cores and well logs shows that the main micro-facies of the third member sand bodies of the Qingshankou Formation in Qian’an are subaqueous distributary channel facies, sheet sand facies and subaqueous fan facies (olistostrome). Maps showing the distribution of these micro-facies together with inter-channel bay and prodelta mocro-facies are presented for different time-slices (lower, middle and upper parts of the Qingshankou Formation). These maps reveal the instability and change of sediment transport in the Baokang sedimentary system during the depositional period. Sediment transport was from the west in the early stage, from the south in the middle stage and from the northwest in the late stage. Values of thickness, porosity and permeability of the sand bodies in the third member of the Qingshankou Formation show that they have low to medium porosity and low permeability, and are characterized by serious reservoir heterogeneity. The joints between micro-facies and subaqueous fan micro-facies are characterized by the highest heterogeneity, the sheet sand and distal sand bar subfacies come next, and the heterogeneity of the subaqueous distributary channel sand bodies is relatively weak.  相似文献   

Radiometric Dating of Ignimbrite from Inner Mongolia Provides no Indication of a Post-Middle Jurassic Age for the Daohugou Beds   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

GAO Ke-Qin REN Dong 《《地质学报》英文版》2006,80(1):42-45

1 Introduction and Background Along with stunning paleontological discoveries from the world-renowned fossil beds in western Liaoning Province of China, recent findings from the lacustrine deposits exposed at the Daohugou village (Fig. 1) near Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, include superbly preserved pterosaur, salamander, insect, and plant fossils (Ji and Yuan, 2002; Wang et al., 2002; Gao and Shubin, 2003; Zheng et al., 2003; Rasnitsyn and Zhang, 2004). The Daohugou fossil beds consist of…  相似文献   

贵州水城 - 纳雍锰矿地球化学特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘平  朱华  徐石辉  陈永齐  陶勇  翁申富 《华南地质与矿产》2007,(2):7-13

贵州水城-纳雍锰矿属表生氧化锰类的锰帽型矿床。通过对锰矿石和矿胚层岩石中常量元素、微量元素及稀土元素等地球化学的研究,均具有热水沉积的特征,硅质灰岩、含硅质灰岩和生物碎屑灰岩是锰帽型矿石最主要的矿胚层。它们是在茅口晚期黔中台沟相带内中-低温热水中沉积的,锰质主要来自茅口期玄武岩。纯硅质岩仅见于地表,是含硅质的矿胚层岩石,在地表经强烈氧化作用形成氧化锰矿石同时产生的"副产品"。  相似文献   

四川呷村V HMS矿床：从野外观察到成矿模型   总被引：22，自引：11，他引：11  

侯增谦  曲晓明  徐明基  付德明  华力臣  余金杰 《矿床地质》2001,20(1):44-56

呷村矿床是一个与晚三叠世海相钙碱性酸性火山岩系有关的典型块状硫化物（VHMS）矿床。热水流体系统和贱金属成矿作用发育于义敦岛弧碰撞造山带上的弧间裂谷盆地内,并受其内部的一系列局限盆地及SN向基底断裂－裂缝系统控制。含矿岩系为双峰岩石组合,具火山碎屑岩－矿体－喷气岩“三位一体”特征。硫化物矿床具有“块状矿席＋层控网脉状矿带”式三维结构特征。块状矿席发育多旋回的硫化物－硫酸盐韵律型式,揭示热水流体在海底的幕式排泄以及硫化物－硫酸盐在卤水池内的韵律式化学淀积和滑塌堆积过程。层控网脉状矿带产出于流纹质火山岩系,与上覆的块状矿席平行展布,揭示高渗透性碎屑岩层和多条同级别断层或断裂共同约束海底下部热水流体,并诱导其“弥散式”排泄和侧向流动交代。热水流体的传导冷凝过程导致硫化物沉积、热水流体与冷海水的简单混合导致硅质岩或／重晶石淀积,传导冷凝与海水混合的联合作用导致含硫化物重晶石、硅质岩和红碧玉形成。  相似文献   

初至反演近地表速度的建模方法分析与应用     

屈绍忠 《中国煤炭地质》2013,25(5)

近地表速度初至波或折射波建模是表层复杂地区静校正的关键因素.通过对比分析初至波层析反演方法与折射波解释方法的原理,认为复杂地区表层速度与结构在横向的极不稳定性已超出了折射波解释方法的条件,而初至波层析反演方法能很好地估计出稳定可靠的表速层结构.伊朗TB气田勘探线位于山脉的高峰,高差达1000m,且低降速带的横向不稳定性很强,在没有地质先验信息的情况下,折射波方法得到的低降速带底界多解性很难消除,而初至波层析反演得到的速度横向变化规律与表层构造高度一致(包括突变位置).实例表明这个地区基于层析反演速度模型静校正的效果优于折射波静校正.  相似文献   

Origin and evolution processes of hybrid event beds in the Lower Cretaceous of the Lingshan Island,Eastern China     

T. Yang  H. Friis  K. Liu  Y. Wang 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,65(4):517-534

On the basis of detailed sedimentological investigation, three types of hybrid event beds (HEBs) together with debrites and turbidites were distinguished in the Lower Cretaceous sedimentary sequence on the Lingshan Island in the Yellow Sea, China. HEB 1, with a total thickness of 63–80 cm and internal bipartite structures, is characterised by a basal massive sandstone sharply overlain by a muddy sandstone interval. It is interpreted to have been formed by particle rearrangement at the base of cohesive debris flows. HEB 2, with a total thickness of 10–71 cm and an internal tripartite structure, is characterised by a normal grading sandstone base, followed by muddy siltstone middle unit and capped with siltstones; the top unit of HEB 2 may in places be partly or completely eroded. The boundary between the lowest unit and the middle unit is gradual, whereas that between the middle unit and the top unit is sharp. HEB 2 may be developed by up-dip muddy substrate erosion. HEB 3, with a total thickness up to 10 cm and an internal bipartite structure, is characterised by a basal massive sandstone sharply overlain by a muddy siltstone interval. The upper unit was probably deposited by cohesive debris flow with some plant fragments and rare mud clasts. HEB 3 may be formed by the deceleration of low-density turbidity currents. The distribution of HEBs together with debrites and turbidites implies a continuous evolution process of sediment gravity flows: debris flow → hybrid flow caused by particle rearrangement → high-density turbidity current → hybrid flow caused by muddy substrate erosion → low-density turbidity current → hybrid flow caused by deceleration.  相似文献